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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoid Solmonella in military personnel,1988-2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第6期8卷 387-392页

作者： Apichai Srijan Woradee Lurchachaiwong Boonchai Wongstitwilairoong Ladaporn Bodhidatta carl Mason brett Swierczewski Department of Enteric Diseases Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences current affiliation of the Henry M.Jackson FoundationBethesdaMDUSA

Objective:To describe the spanning 25 years data for the occurrence, magnitude, and trends regarding antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidalSalmonella (NTS) isolated from non-immune travelers to Thailand participating in joint military ***:A total of 355 NTS isolates, obtained from 2052 fecal samples from US soldiers deployed for military maneuvers in Thailand during 1988-2013, were examined for NTS serogroup/serotypes and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion to these 10 antibiotics:ampicillin, azithromycin (AZM), ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Identified AZM-resistant NTS isolates were further evaluated for their minimal inhibitory concentration by the E-test ***:NTS infections accounted for 17.3％ (355/2052), including 11 serogroups and 50 different serotypes. The most prevalent serogroup wasSalmonella group c2-c3 (35.8％, 127/355) followed by groups B (21.1％, 75/355) and c1 (18.6％, 66/355). Identified serotypes includedSalmonellahadar (n=60),Salmonellarissen (n=45), andSalmonella blockley (n=34). Among the predominate serogroups, antimicrobial resistance was consistently high against TET (76.9％, 273/355) followed by STR (40.8％, 145/355). OneSalmonella senftenberg isolate demonstrated decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Most isolates (94.6％) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, and the most common multidrug resistance was TET-STR-nalidixic acid (11.5％, 41/355).conclusions:The prevalence of NTS serotypes and the growing magnitude of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from deployed US military in Thailand are documented from 1988-2013. This study demonstrates the antibiotic resistance profiles, highlighting the effectiveness of AZM that is a first-line treatment for travelers to Southeast Asia. AZM-resistant NTS isolates are periodically observed over a 25-year period. Hence, the ongoing surveilla

关键词： Non-typhoid Salmonella Antimicrobial resistance Azithromycin Deployed military Public health Thailand

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contrasting female mate preferences for red coloration in a fish

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current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 425-433页

作者： charel Reulaimd brett M.cuLBERT Alessandro Devigili Ariel F.Kahrl John L.Fitzpatrick Department of Zoology Stockholm UniversityStockholmSE-10691Sweden Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphN1G 2W1Canada

Understanding how animals select their mates requires knowing the factors that shape mate *** theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that female mating status can influence the degree to which a female engages in mate choice,with virgin females predicted to be less choosy than mated *** this study,we investigated mate choice in both virgin and mated females in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys *** are small,live-bearing,internally fertilizing freshwater fish that live in mixed-sex groups where females have ample opportunity to engage in mate *** a dichotomous choice assay,we quantified and contrasted in virgin and mated females mate preferences for differences in male body size,beak size,and area of yellow and red *** also examined how mating status influenced the amount of time a female associated with the first male encountered and the relative amount of time a female associated with each *** demonstrate that mate preferences of female halfbeaks are driven primarily by the size of red coloration present on *** showed contrasting preferences based on mating status,with virgin females preferentially associating with drab males whereas mated females preferentially associate with males possessing large areas of *** to expectations,female mating status did not influence how females associate with the first males encountered or how females biased their association time among *** the precise drivers of these effects need further studying,our finding highlights a possible explanation for how variation in male ornamentation can be maintained.

关键词： Dermogenys collettei experience plasticity pygmy halfbeak reproductive status sexual selection sperm competition

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Role of the epididymis in sperm competition

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 493-499页

作者： Russell c. Jones Jean-Louis Dacheux brett Nixon Heath W. Ecroyd Discipline of Biological Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308 Australia UMR INRA-cNRS 6073 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements Nouzilly 37380 France Department of chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia

Although it is generally understood that the testes recruited kidney ducts for reproductive function during the evolution of vertebrates, little is understood of the biological significance of the adaptation. In the context of the evolution of the mammalian epididymis, this report provides evidence that a major role of the epididymis is to enhance a male＇s chance of achieving paternity in a competitive mating system. A unique example of sperm cooperation in monotremes is used as evidence that the epididymis produces sperm competition proteins to form groups of 100 sperm into bundles that have a forward motility nearly thrice that of individual spermatozoa. As it required 3-h incubation in vitro under capacitation conditions to release motile sperm from the bundles, it is suggested that the monotremes provide an example of capacitation that is quite different from capacitation in higher mammals. It is suggested that variation between species in the intensity of sperm competition could explain the variation that occurs between species in the amount of post-testicular sperm maturation and storage in the epididymis, an explanation of why the human epididymis does not play as important a role in reproduction as the epididymis of most mammals. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 493-499）

关键词： epididymis sperm maturation sperm storage capacitation sperm competition sperm cooperation

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<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>(Noni) Fruit Juice Inhibits Endocannabinoid Degradation Enzymes

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第7期7卷 22-34页

作者： brett J. West Shixin Deng c. Jarakae Jensen Research and Development Morinda Inc. American Fork Utah USA

Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been shown to have a wide variety of potential health benefits in human clinical trials. It may also influence the endocannabinoid system of the body. Since the main ingredient of the product studied in these clinical trials was juice made from noni fruit puree from French Polynesia, it was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the two major endocannabinoid degradation enzymes in vitro. Noni fruit juice inhibited both fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it may help maintain anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels. Samples of the puree were also analyzed for the presence of characteristic phytochemical markers of authentic noni fruit such as scopoletin, rutin, quercetin, deacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid, all of which were present. Also present was scandoside, which is reported for the first time as being identified in noni fruit or its juice. Some of these compounds may contribute to the FAAH and MAGL inhibiting activity of noni juice. These results reveal another set of mechanisms by which noni juice possibly supports mental health, maintains joint health, relieves discomfort and modulates the immune system.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia Endocannabinoid System Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Monoacylglycerol Lipase

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Molecular characterization of Atlas 66-Derived Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines contrasting in Aluminum (Al) Tolerance

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Agricultural Sciences in china 2007年第5期6卷 522-528页

作者： GUO Pei-guo BAI Gui-hua LI Rong-hua brett carver Michael Baum college of Life Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P.R.China USDA-ARS-PIant Science and Entomology Research Unit 4008 Throckmorton Hall Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University 0K74078 USA International center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas （IcARDA） P.O.Box 5466 Aleppo Syria

Aluminum （Al） toxicity is the major limiting factor for wheat growth in acidic soils. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance is one of the most cost-effective solutions to improve wheat productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize near isogenic lines （NILs） contrasting in Al tolerance derived from Atlas 66 in the backgrounds of Al-sensitive cultivars chisholm and century using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR）. A total of 200 AFLP and 88 SSR primer pairs were screened and 12 markers （11 AFLPs and one SSR） were associated with Al-tolerance in NILs of at least one recurrent parental background. Among them, nine were linked to A1 tolerance in the chisholm-derived NILs, seven were associated with Al-tolerance in the century-derived NILs, and three AFLPs derived from the primer combinations of pAG/mGcAG, pcAG/mAGc and pGTG/mGcG, and one SSR, Xwmc331 on chromosome 4D, associated with A1 tolerance in NILs of both recurrent parental backgrounds. Those common markers across two backgrounds may be the major marker loci associated with Al-tolerance in Atlas 66 and could be useful for marker-assisted breeding to improve Al tolerance in wheat. In addition, evaluation of Al tolerance among different genotypes using hematoxylin stain and relative root growth revealed that Atlas 66 was more tolerant to Al stress than the NILs, therefore suggested that the Al-tolerant NILs might not carry all Al-tolerance loci from Arias 66 and inheritance of Al tolerance in Arias 66 is more likely multigenic.

关键词： aluminum (Al) tolerance Triticum aestivum L. molecular marker

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Hepatic pseudotumor associated with Strongyloides infection:A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第12期15卷 1338-1343页

作者： Jessica P Gialanella Tyler Steidl Kokkola Korpela Miral S Grandhi Russell c Langan H Richard Alexander Rachel M Hudacko brett L Ecker Department of Surgical Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Rutgers New Jersey Medical School NewarkNJ 07103United States Department of Infectious Disease Cooperman Barnabas Medical CenterLivingstonNJ 07039United States Department of Pathology and Labratory Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

BAcKGROUND Strongyloides sterocoralis is a parasitic infection caused by a roundworm that is transmitted through soil contaminated with *** can infrequently cause hepatic abscesses in immunocompromised patients and is rarely reported to form hepatic lesions in immunocompetent *** SUMMARY We present a case study of a 45-year-old female who presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms for several *** imaging identified several malignant-appearing liver *** investigation,including serological testing and histopathologic examination,revealed the presence of serum Strongyloides antibodies and hepatic granulomas with extensive *** treatment with ivermectin for 2 wk,there was complete resolution of the liver lesions and associated *** This case highlights the importance of considering parasitic infections,such as Strongyloides,in the differential diagnosis of hepatic *** recognition and appropriate treatment can lead to a favorable outcome and prevent unnecessary invasive *** awareness among clinicians is crucial to ensure the timely diagnosis and management of such cases.

关键词： Hepatic tumor Liver mass Strongyloides sterocoralis Parasitology case report

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What Happens after the Puerperium? Analysis of “Late” Postpartum Readmissions in california

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第3期5卷 123-127页

作者： brett c. Young Erin Madden Allison S. Bryant Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston USA Northern california Institute for Research and Education San Francisco USA Massachusetts General Hospital Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Objective: Admissions to acute care hospitals represent a significant portion of healthcare utilization. Little is known regarding hospitalization in the first postpartum year beyond the traditional 6 weeks of the puerperium. We sought to investigate whether there are identifiable risk factors for hospital readmission during this time period. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective population-based study using all california birth records between 1999 and 2003. These records were linked with hospital discharge data for all admissions to california hospitals in the first 365 days after delivery. For women with a first birth during the study period, we assessed the likelihood of readmission to an acute care hospital between 42 and 365 days post-delivery. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine risk factors for these “late postpartum” admissions. Results: Of 951,570 maternal birth admissions during the time period, 15,727 (1.7%) women were admitted in the late postpartum period. Women with an early postpartum readmission, antepartum admission, extremes of maternal age, black race, diabetes, hypertension, early preterm delivery and cesarean delivery had higher rates of late postpartum readmission. Of women with an antepartum admission for gestational diabetes or pre-existing diabetes, 6.6% and 18.5% of these women experienced a late postpartum admission for a diabetes-related diagnosis. conclusion: Hospital readmission rates in the first year postpartum, remote from delivery, are significant. Women are at a higher risk of requiring hospital admission in the first year postpartum with select demographics and pregnancy-related diagnoses.

关键词： Diabetes in Pregnancy Hypertension in Pregnancy Hospital Readmission Postpartum

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Weave geometry generation avoiding interferences for mesoscale RVEs

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2869-2882页

作者： Daniel Höwer Shengkai Yu Trenton M.Ricks brett A.Bednarcyk Evan J.Pineda Bertram Stier Stefanie Reese Jaan-Willem Simon Institute of Applied Mechanics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany NASA Glenn Research center ClevelandOH 44135USA collier Research and Development corporation Newport NewsVA 23606USA

An algorithm which allows the generation of representative volume elements(RVEs) for complex woven and warp-interlaced fiber-reinforced composite topologies while avoiding unphysical tow intersections is presented. This is achieved by extending an existing RVE generation strategy in two significant ways:(1) the local cross section shape of the tow is adjusted depending on the local tow curvature in a way that preserves the cross sectional area of the tow, and(2) the elementary crimp interval is separated into a planar and a transition region. The modifications facilitate the generation of a wide range of elaborate textile topologies without tow intersections, which are present without the proposed modifications unless complex tow to tow contact models are introduced. The mechanical properties of plain weaves were predicted based on the topology generated with the proposed algorithm as well as based on RVEs which were constructed based on actual micrographs, i.e. a "digital twin" of the actual microstructure. A comparison of the predicted mechanical properties based on finite element and Multiscale Generalized Method of cells techniques shows close agreement. However, some differences exist with respect to experimentally determined material parameters due to the finite dimensions of the specimens. Lastly,mechanical properties of multilayered weaves are predicted with the finite element method. The considered material systems are carbon fiber in epoxy matrix as well as c/c-Sic. However, the procedure is applicable to a wide range of material systems.

关键词： RVE generation Multiscale analysis composites

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Steatotic livers are susceptible to normothermic ischemiareperfusion injury from mitochondrial complex-Ⅰ?dysfunction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第19期22卷 4673-4684页

作者： Michael JJ chu Rakesh Premkumar Anthony JR Hickey Yannan Jiang brett Delahunt Anthony RJ Phillips Adam SJR Bartlett Department of Surgery University of Auckland School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Maurice Wilkins centre for Biodiscovery University of Auckland Department of Statistics University of Auckland Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Wellington School of Medicine University of Otago New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit Auckland City Hospital

AIM: To assess the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPc, 10-min ischemia/10-min reperfusion) on steatotic liver mitochondrial function after normothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed8-wk with either control chow or high-fat/high-sucrose diet inducing > 60% mixed steatosis. Three groups(n = 10/group) for each dietary state were tested:(1) the IRI group underwent 60 min partial hepatic ischemia and 4 h reperfusion;(2) the IPc group underwent IPc prior to same standard IRI; and(3) sham underwent t h e s a m e s u r g e r y w i t h o u t I R I o r I P c. H e p a t i c mitochondrial function was analyzed by oxygraphs. Mitochondrial complex-Ⅰ, complex-Ⅱ enzyme activity, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and histological injury were ***: Steatotic-IRI livers had a greater increase in ALT(2476 ± 166 vs 1457 ± 103 IU/L, P cal injury following IRI compared to the lean liver group. Steatotic-IRI demonstrated lower complex-Ⅰ?activity at baseline [78.4 ± 2.5 vs 116.4 ± 6.0 nmol/(*** protein), P c-IRI also demonstrated impaired complex-Ⅰ?function post-IRI compared to the lean liver IRI group. complex-Ⅱ activity was unaffected by hepatic steatosis or IRI. Lean liver mitochondrial function was unchanged following IRI. IPc normalized ALT and histological injury in steatotic livers but had no effect on overall steatotic liver mitochondrial function or individual mitochondrial complex enzyme activities. cONcLUSION: Warm IRI impairs steatotic liver complex-Ⅰ?activity and function. The protective effects of IPc in steatotic livers may not be mediated through mitochondria.

关键词： Mitochondrial respiration Fatty liver Liver ischemia Oxidative phosphorylation Liver injury Hepatic steatosis Ischemic preconditioning

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Noni Seed Oil Topical Safety, Efficacy, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

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Journal of cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2012年第2期2卷 74-78页

作者： Afa K. Palu brett J. West c. Jarakae Jensen Research and Development Department Morinda Inc. American Fork USA

Background: Noni fruit and leaf juices were used to treat acne in Polynesian folk medicine. However, the potential benefit of noni seed oil (NSO) for human skin health is not as well known. Objective: The topical safety of NSO was evaluated in a repeat insult patch test with 49 adult volunteers. comedogenicity was evaluated in 23 adolescent volunteers for four weeks. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined in-vitro with cOX-2 and 5-LOX enzyme inhibition assays. Results: No reactions to NSO were observed in any of the volunteers. NSO also reduced the number of open and closed comedones in the comedogenicity test. NSO inhibited cOX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes in a concentration dependent manner, but with cOX-2 inhibition being more pronounced than 5-LOX. conclusion: Noni seed oil is safe for topical use and is non-comedogenic. It also has potential anti-inflammatory activity, being a dual inhibitor of cOX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes. These results indicate the potential utility of NSO for skin care applications, as well as warrant further investigation of efficacy in 5-LOX and cOX-2 related pathophysiological conditions.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia Noni Seed Oil cOX-2 5-LOX comedones Safety

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