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Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,USA-a review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 127-138页

作者： David L Thomas Yves M Berger brett c mckusick claire M Mikolayunas University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Animal Sciences Spooner Agricultural Research Station current address:Merial Ltd Midwest Organic Services Association ViroquaWisconsinUSA

commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk

关键词： Dairy sheep East Friesian Grazing Lacaune Lactation physiology Nitrogen efficiency RDP RUP Supplementation

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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo brett c.Johnson Jeffrey c.Mc callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du cAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China cAS center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of Excellence for Quantum computation and communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of Excellence for Quantum computation and communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of Excellence for Quantum computation and communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of Excellence for Quantum computation and communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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Noni juice is not hepatotoxic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3616-3619页

作者： brett J West c Jarakae Jensen Johannes Westendorf Research and Development Department Tahitian Noni International American ForkUtahUnited States University Medical School of Hamburg Department of Toxicology HamburgGennany

Noni juice （Morinda citrifolia） has been approved for use as a safe food within the European Union, following a review of safety. Since approval, three cases of acute hepatitis in Austrian noni juice consumers have been published, where a causal link is suggested between the liver dysfunction and ingestion of anthraquinones from the plant. Measurements of liver function in a human clinical safety study of TAHITIAN NONI Juice, as well as subacute and subchronic animal toxicity tests revealed no evidence of adverse liver effects at doses many times higher than those reported in the case studies. Additionally, M. citrifolia anthraquinones occur in the fruit in quantities too small to be of any toxicological significance. Further, these do not have chemical structures capable of being reduced to reactive anthrone radicals, which were implicated in previous cases of herbal hepototoxicity. The available data reveals no evidence of liver toxicity.

关键词： Noni juice Morinda citrifolia Novel food Human clinical safety study

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The enduring link between forest cover and rainfall： a historical perspective on science and policy discussions

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 53-61页

作者： brett M. Bennett Gregory A. Barton School of Humanities and communication Arts Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Historical Studies Faculty of HumanitiesUniversity of JohannesburgC-Ring 2-Orange Block(Kingsway Campus)Corner Kingsway and University RoadAuckland ParkSouth Africa

Background： This article traces the history of scientific ideas connecting forest cover with rainfall to inform ongoing debates about whether forests are net users or producers of water in the hydrological cycle. Scholars of the supply-side school argue that forests are net producers and magnifiers that increase rainfall at regional scales. Supply-side scholars seek to challenge the dominance of demand-side thinking. The demand-side school emphasizes that trees are net users of water within a catchment that decrease overall water available for other users. This scientific debate has significant implications for the development of policies to manage forests and water. Results： Scientists have debated the question of whether forests improve or worsen water balance for over two hundred years. connections between forests and rainfall gained prominence in scientific circles during the second half of the nineteenth century and again during the past three decades. The popularity of forest- rainfall connections has paralleled societal and scientific interest in anthropogenic climate change and deforestation. Theories connecting forests with rainfall peaked in popularity in the 1850s to 1880s, a period when scientists expressed alarm that deforestation caused regional declines in precipitation. Forests were understood to create rain within a locality and region. Scientific consensus shifted by the early twentieth century to the view that forests did not play a significant role in determining rainfall. The forest-rainfall connection reemerged in the 1980s alongside advances in climate modelling and growing fears of anthropogenic global warming and tropical deforestation. Using new data and theories, supply-side advocates have once again placed a strong forest-rainfall connection into scientific prominence. conclusion： Supply-side management policies have a checkered history that should elicit caution, while demand-side policies, which are based on almost a century of hydrolog

关键词： climate change Environmental history Forests Hydrology Rain Water

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Insights into the Microwave Instruments Onboard the Fengyun 3D Satellite:Data Quality and Assimilation in the Met Office NWP System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1379-1396页

作者： Fabien cARMINATI Nigel ATKINSON brett cANDY Qifeng LU Met Office Exeter EX13PBUK National Satellite Meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This paper evaluates the microwave instruments onboard the latest chinese polar-orbiting satellite, Fengyun 3D (FY- 3D). comparing three months of observations from the Microwave Temperature Sounder 2 (MWTS-2), the Microwave Humidity Sounder 2 (MWHS-2), and the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) to Met Office short-range forecasts, we characterize the instrumental biases, show how those biases have changed with respect to their predecessors onboard FY- 3c, and how they compare to the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard NOAA-20 and the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI). The MWTS-2 global bias is much reduced with respect to its predecessor and compares well to ATMS at equivalent channel frequencies, differing only by 0.36 ± 0.28 K (1σ) on average. A suboptimal averaging of raw digital counts is found to cause an increase in striping noise and an ascending- descending bias. MWHS-2 benefits from a new calibration method improving the 183-GHz humidity channels with respect to its predecessor and biases for these channels are within ± 1.9 K to ATMS. MWRI presents the largest improvements, with reduced global bias and standard deviation with respect to FY-3c;although, spurious, seemingly transient, brightness temperatures have been detected in the observations at 36.5 GHz (vertical polarization). The strong solar-dependent bias that affects the instrument on FY-3c has been reduced to less than 0.2 K on average for FY-3D MWRI. Experiments where radiances from these instruments were assimilated on top of a full global system demonstrated a neutral to positive impact on the forecasts, as well as on the fit to the background of independent instruments.

关键词： microwave remote sensing numerical weather prediction data assimilation

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Assessment and Assimilation of FY-3 Humidity Sounders and Imager in the UK Met Office Global Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 46-58页

作者： Fabien cARMINATI brett cANDY William BELL Nigel ATKINSON UK Met Office Exeter EX1 3PBUK EcMWF ReadingUK

china＇s FengYnn 3 （FY-3） polar orbiting satellites axe set to become an important sonrce of observational data for nu- merical weather prediction （NWP）, atmospheric reanalyses, and climate monitoring studies over the next two decades. As part of the climate Science for Service Partnership china （cSSP china） prograln, FY-3B Microwave Humidity Sounder 1 （MWHS-1） and FY-3c MWHS-2 observations have been thoroughly assessed and prepared for operational assimilation. This represents the first time observations from china＇s polar orbiting satellites have been used in the UK＇s global NWP model. Since 2016, continuous data quality monitoring has shown occasional bias changes found to be correlated to changes in the energy supply scheme regulating the platform heating system and other transient anomalies. Nonetheless, MWHS-1 and MWHS-2 significantly contribute to the 24-h forecast error reduction by 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively, and the combination of both instruments is shown to improve the fit to the model background of independent sounders by up to 1%. The observations from the Microwave Radiation Imager （MWRI） also are a potentially significant source of benefits for NWP models, but a solar-dependent bias observed in the instrument half-orbits has prevented their assimilation. This paper presents the bases of a correction scheme developed at the Met Office for the purpose of a future assimilation of MWRI data.

关键词： Microwave Humidity Sounder Microwave Radiation Imager numerical weather prediction

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Diabetes as a consequence of acute pancreatitis

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第31期29卷 4736-4743页

作者： Ericka charley brett Dinner Kimberly Pham Neil Vyas Department of Gastroenterology Creighton University-St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center PhoenixAZ 85013United States Department of Internal Medicine Creighton University St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85013United States Department of Gastroenterology Creighton University St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85013United States

Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types:Type 1,type 2 and gestational *** the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP),a lesser-known type of diabetes referred to as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP)is becoming more ***,there is a poor understanding of the inherent relationship between diabetes and *** is established data about certain diseases affecting the exocrine function of the pancreas which can lead to *** specifically,there are well established guidelines for diagnosis and management of DEP caused be chronic ***,the sequelae of AP leading to diabetes has limited recognition and *** purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence,epidemiology,pathophysiology and future research aims of APrelated *** addition,we propose a screening and diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in providing better care for their patients.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Type 3c diabetes Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas Sequelae of acute pancreatitis Screening and diagnostic algorithm

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High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial lesions： prevalence and implications in pancreatic neoplasia

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 202-208页

作者： Jean R Park Feng Li Veeral M Oza brett c Sklaw Kevin M cronley Michael Wellner Benjamin Swanson Somashekar G Krishna Division of Hospital Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA

BAcKGROUND： High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia（Pan IN-3）, a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAc）, is not universally detected in resected pancreatic neoplasms. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic relevance of Pan IN-3 lesions in primary surgical resections of PDAcs and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms（IPMNs）.METHODS： A retrospective review of a tertiary care center pathology database（1/2000-6/2014） was performed. Demographics, imaging, pathology, disease-recurrence, and survival data were ***： A total of 458 patients who underwent primary pancreatic resection were included. “Pan IN-3” lesions were found in 74（16.2%） patients who either had PDAc（n=67） or main duct（MD）-IPMN（n=7）. Among IPMN-MDs, Pan IN-3 lesions were exclusively found in those with pathological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. For PDAcs, the median overall survival（OS） for pancreata with Pan IN-3 lesions was significantly better than those without（OS 1.12 years, interquartile range [IQR] 0.72, 2.05 years vs OS 0.86 years, IQR 0.64,1.60 years respectively; P=0.04）. Multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of Pan IN-3 lesions was associated with a reduced risk of death（HR=0.43; 95% cI： 0.23-0.82; P=0.01）.cONcLUSIONS： Following primary resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the lower survival observed in patients without Pan IN-3 lesions might suggest a state of complete or accelerated transformation. Further investigations are necessary to validate these findings that might impact disease prognosis and management.

关键词： pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms pancreatic neoplasia pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Myosin binding protein c:Structural abnormalities in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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cell Research 2004年第2期14卷 95-110页

作者： cecily E OAKLEY,brett D HAMBLY,Paul MG cURMI,Louise J BROWN Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Initiative for Biomolecular Structure School of Physics University of New South Wales NSW 2052 and centre for Immunology St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2010 Australia. Initiative for Biomolecular Structure School of Physics University of New South Wales NSW 2052 and centre for Immunology St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2010 Australia.

The muscle protein myosin binding protein c (MyBPc) is a large multi-domain protein whose role in the sarcomere is complex and not yet fully understood. Mutations in MyBPc are strongly associated with the heart disease familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHc) and these experiments of nature have provided some insight into the intricate workings of this protein in the heart. While some regions of the MyBPc molecule have been assigned a function in the regulation of muscle contraction, the interaction of other regions with various parts of the myosin molecule and the sarcomeric proteins, actin and titin, remain obscure. In addition, several intra-domain interactions between adjacent MyBPc molecules have been identified. Although the basic structure of the molecule (a series of immunoglobulin and fibronectin domains) has been elucidated, the assembly of MyBPc in the sarcomere is a topic for debate. By analysing the MyBPc sequence with respect to FHc-causing mutations it is possible to identify individual

关键词： myosin binding protein c hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomeric proteins immunoglobulin superfamily mutations.

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characteristics of a gold-doped electrode for application in high-performance lithium-sulfur battery

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 116-128,I0004页

作者： Vittorio Marangon Daniele Di Lecce Dan J.L.brett Paul R.Shearing Jusef Hassoun University of Ferrara Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesVia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUCLLondon WC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom The Faraday Institution Quad OneBecquerel AveHarwell CampusDidcot OX11 ORAUnited Kingdom National Interuniversity consortium of Materials Science and Technology(INSTM) University of Ferrara Research UnitUniversity of FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara17Ferrara 44121Italy

Bulk sulfur incorporating 3 wt% gold nano-powder is investigated as possible candidate to maximize the fraction of active material in the Li-S battery *** material is prepared via simple mixing of gold with molten sulfur at 120℃,quenching at room temperature,and *** comprehensive study reports relevant electrochemical data,advanced X-ray computed tomography(cT)imaging of the positive and negative electrodes,and a thorough structural and morphological characterization of the S:Au 97:3 w/w *** cathode exhibits high rate capability within the range from c/10 to 1c,a maximum capacity above 1300 mAh gs^(-1),and capacity retention between 85%and 91%after 100 cycles at 1c and c/3 *** novel formulation enables a sulfur fraction in the composite cathode film as high as 78 wt%,an active material loading of 5.7 mg cm^(-2),and an electrolyte/sulfur(E/S)ratio of 5μL mg^(-1),which lead to a maximum areal capacity of 5.4 mAh cm^(-2).X-ray cT at the micro-and nanoscale reveals the microstructural features of the positive electrode that favor fast conversion kinetics in the *** analysis of sulfur distribution in the porous cathode displays that electrodeposition during the initial cycle may trigger an activation process in the cell leading to improved ***,the tomography study reveals the characteristics of the lithium anode and the cell separator upon a galvanostatic test prolonged over 300 cycles at a 2c rate.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur battery Sulfur loading Electrolyte/sulfur ratio Gold nanoparticles X-ray tomography

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