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colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： brett m.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki matthew G.Salena marian Y.L.Wong Ian m.Hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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就地养老:蒙蒂菲奥里的m养老住宅

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当代建筑 2024年第7期 110-117页

作者：无 brett Boardman(摄影) Justin Alexander(摄影) Evan Zell(摄影) 杰克逊蒂斯建筑设计事务所不详

蒙蒂菲奥里的m养老住宅是悉尼市中心一个高品质养老社区中的独立住宅部分,是对原有养老社区的扩建和更新。这两栋新独立住宅楼位于兰德威克国王街,这里曾经是悉尼电车中心的所在地。

关键词：就地养老适应性社会责任

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The enduring link between forest cover and rainfall： a historical perspective on science and policy discussions

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 53-61页

作者： brett m. Bennett Gregory A. Barton School of Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Historical Studies Faculty of HumanitiesUniversity of JohannesburgC-Ring 2-Orange Block(Kingsway Campus)Corner Kingsway and University RoadAuckland ParkSouth Africa

Background： This article traces the history of scientific ideas connecting forest cover with rainfall to inform ongoing debates about whether forests are net users or producers of water in the hydrological cycle. Scholars of the supply-side school argue that forests are net producers and magnifiers that increase rainfall at regional scales. Supply-side scholars seek to challenge the dominance of demand-side thinking. The demand-side school emphasizes that trees are net users of water within a catchment that decrease overall water available for other users. This scientific debate has significant implications for the development of policies to manage forests and water. Results： Scientists have debated the question of whether forests improve or worsen water balance for over two hundred years. Connections between forests and rainfall gained prominence in scientific circles during the second half of the nineteenth century and again during the past three decades. The popularity of forest- rainfall connections has paralleled societal and scientific interest in anthropogenic climate change and deforestation. Theories connecting forests with rainfall peaked in popularity in the 1850s to 1880s, a period when scientists expressed alarm that deforestation caused regional declines in precipitation. Forests were understood to create rain within a locality and region. Scientific consensus shifted by the early twentieth century to the view that forests did not play a significant role in determining rainfall. The forest-rainfall connection reemerged in the 1980s alongside advances in climate modelling and growing fears of anthropogenic global warming and tropical deforestation. Using new data and theories, supply-side advocates have once again placed a strong forest-rainfall connection into scientific prominence. Conclusion： Supply-side management policies have a checkered history that should elicit caution, while demand-side policies, which are based on almost a century of hydrolog

关键词： Climate change Environmental history Forests Hydrology Rain Water

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mechanistic action of gibberellins in legume nodulation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第10期56卷 971-978页

作者： Satomi Hayashi Peter m.Gresshoff brett J.Ferguson Centre for Integrative Legume Research The University of Queensland

Legume plants are capable of entering into a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia *** results in the formation of novel organs on their roots,called nodules,in which the bacteria capture atmospheric nitrogen and provide it as ammonium to the host *** molecular and physiological changes are involved in the formation and establishment of such *** phytohormones are known to play key roles in this ***（gibberellic acids;GAs）,a class of phytohormones known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes（i.e.,cell elongation,germination）are reported to be involved in the formation and maturation of legume nodules,highlighted by recent transcriptional analyses of early soybean symbiotic ***,we summarize what is currently known about GAs in legume nodulation and propose a model of GA action during nodule *** from a wide range of studies,including GA application,mutant phenotyping,and gene expression studies,indicate that GAs are required at different stages,with an optimum,tightly regulated level being key to achieve successful *** acids appear to be required at two distinct stages of nodulation：（i）early stages of rhizobia infection and nodule primordium establishment;and（ii）later stages of nodule maturation.

关键词： Gibberellic acid legume nodulation phytohormone plant development rhizobia symbiosis

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The 12th International Symposium on Spermatology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 519-520页

作者： R John Aitken Jim m Cummins brett Nixon Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences and HunterMedical Research Institute University of NewcastleNSW 2308 Australia Division of Veterinary andBiomedical Sciences Murdoch University MurdochWA. Australia.

The 12th International Symposium of Spermatology continued the excellent tradition of this meeting since its inception in 1969 when the first Symposium was held in Italy under the Chairmanship of Professor Baccio Baccetti. This unique Symposium is held every 4 years and serves as a beacon for sperm cell biologists from all over the world, regardless of which species, animal or plant, they are working on. This willingness to embrace the fundamental biology of this distinctive cell type without species limitations is one of the hallmarks of this Symposium. For sperm biologists - it is our Olympics. The meeting in Newcastle, NSW brought together around 300 biologists from more than 22 different countries covering North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. Given the considerable distances and high cost involved in travelling to the East Coast of NSW, this was an outstanding outcome. The Symposium featured a series of 31 plenary lectures culminating in the prestigious Thaddeus mann memorial Lecture, which was delivered with typical grace and brilliance by Professor masaru Okabe.

关键词： International Symposium Spermatology

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Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-madison,USA-a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 127-138页

作者： David L Thomas Yves m Berger brett C mcKusick Claire m mikolayunas University of Wisconsin-madison Department of Animal Sciences Spooner Agricultural Research Station Current address:merial Ltd midwest Organic Services Association ViroquaWisconsinUSA

Commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk

关键词： Dairy sheep East Friesian Grazing Lacaune Lactation physiology Nitrogen efficiency RDP RUP Supplementation

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Carbon dioxide fluxes of tundra vegetation communities on an esker top in the low-Arctic

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Advances in Polar Science 2020年第3期31卷 167-177页

作者： Peter m.LAFLEUR A.brett CAmPEAU Sohee KANG School of the Environment Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada Geography Department Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada Department of Computer and mathematical Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Previous studies have shown that carbon dioxide fluxes vary considerably among Arctic environments and it is important to assess these differences in order to develop our understanding of the role of Arctic tundra in the global carbon cycle. Although many previous studies have examined tundra carbon dioxide fluxes, few have concentrated on elevated terrain(hills and ridge tops) that is exposed to harsh environmental conditions resulting in sparse vegetation cover and seemingly low productivity. In this study we measured carbon dioxide(CO2) exchange of four common tundra communities on the crest of an esker located in the central Canadian low-Arctic. The objectives were to quantify and compare CO2 fluxes from these communities, investigate responses to environmental variables and qualitatively compare fluxes with those from similar communities growing in less harsh lowland tundra environments. measurements made during July and August 2010 show there was little difference in net ecosystem exchange(NEE) and gross ecosystem production(GEP) among the three deciduous shrub communities, Arctous alpina, Betula glandulosa and Vaccinium uliginosum, with means ranging from -4.09 to -6.57 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and -7.92 to -9.24 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. Empetrum nigrum communities had significantly smaller mean NEE and GEP(-1.74 and -4.08 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively). Ecosystem respiration(ER) was similar for all communities(2.56 to 3.03 μmol·m^-2·s^-1), except the B. glandulosa community which had a larger mean flux(4.66 μmol·m^-2·s^-1). Overall, fluxes for these esker-top communities were near the upper range of fluxes reported for other tundra communities. ER was related to soil temperature in all of the communities. Only B. glandulosa GEP and ER showed sensitivity to a persistent decline in soil moisture throughout the study. These findings may have important implications for how esker tops would be treated in construction of regional carbon budgets and for predicting the im

关键词： tundra carbon exchange net ecosystem exchange gross ecosystem productivity ecosystem respiration low-Arctic esker top xerophytes

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Contrasting female mate preferences for red coloration in a fish

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 425-433页

作者： Charel Reulaimd brett m.CuLBert Alessandro Devigili Ariel F.Kahrl John L.Fitzpatrick Department of Zoology Stockholm UniversityStockholmSE-10691Sweden Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphN1G 2W1Canada

Understanding how animals select their mates requires knowing the factors that shape mate *** theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that female mating status can influence the degree to which a female engages in mate choice,with virgin females predicted to be less choosy than mated *** this study,we investigated mate choice in both virgin and mated females in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys *** are small,live-bearing,internally fertilizing freshwater fish that live in mixed-sex groups where females have ample opportunity to engage in mate *** a dichotomous choice assay,we quantified and contrasted in virgin and mated females mate preferences for differences in male body size,beak size,and area of yellow and red *** also examined how mating status influenced the amount of time a female associated with the first male encountered and the relative amount of time a female associated with each *** demonstrate that mate preferences of female halfbeaks are driven primarily by the size of red coloration present on *** showed contrasting preferences based on mating status,with virgin females preferentially associating with drab males whereas mated females preferentially associate with males possessing large areas of *** to expectations,female mating status did not influence how females associate with the first males encountered or how females biased their association time among *** the precise drivers of these effects need further studying,our finding highlights a possible explanation for how variation in male ornamentation can be maintained.

关键词： Dermogenys collettei experience plasticity pygmy halfbeak reproductive status sexual selection sperm competition

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Resection of isolated liver oligometastatic disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:Is there a survival benefit?A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第7期15卷 1512-1521页

作者： James m Halle-Smith Sarah Powell-brett Keith Roberts Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Presence of liver metastatic disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),either synchronous or metachronous after pancreatic resection,is a terminal diagnosis that warrants management with palliative intent as per all international practice ***,there is an increasing interest on any potential value of surgical treatment of isolated oligometastatic disease in selected *** To present the published evidence on surgical management of PDAC liver metastases,synchronous and metachronous,and compare the outcomes of these treatments to the current standard of *** A systematic review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and meta-Analyses guidelines to compare the outcomes of both synchronous and metachronous liver metastases resection to standard *** 356 studies were identified,31 studies underwent full-text review and of these 10 were suitable for *** synchronous resection of liver metastases was compared to standard care,most studies did not demonstrate a survival benefit with the exception of one study that utilised neoadjuvant ***,resection of metachronous disease appeared to confer a survival advantage when compared to treatment with chemotherapy *** A survival benefit may exist in resection of selected cases of metachronous liver oligometastatic PDAC disease,after disease biology has been tested with time and systemic *** survival benefit is less clear in synchronous cases;however an approach with neoadjuvant treatment and consideration of resection in some selected cases may confer some *** studies should focus on pathways for selection of cases that may benefit from an aggressive approach.

关键词： Pancreas cancer Liver metastases Surgical resection Systematic review

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Environment-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposematic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： brett m. SEYmOURE Andrew RAYmUNDO Kevin J. mCGRAW W. OWEN mCmILLAN Ronald L, RUTOWSKI Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.

关键词： avian attacks camouflage Heliconius Junonia light environment plasticine models predation warning coloration.

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