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Identification of powdery mildew resistance loci in wheat by integrating genome-wide association study(GWAS) and linkage mapping

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The Crop Journal 2019年第3期7卷 294-306页

作者： Genqiao Li Xiangyang Xu Chengcheng Tan brett f.carver Guihua Bai Xuewen Wang J.Michael Bonman Yanqi Wu Robert Hunger Christina Cowger Wheat Peanut and Other Field Crops Research UnitUSDA-ARSStillwaterOK 74075USA Plant and Soil Science Department Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit USDA-ARSAberdeenID 83210USA Entomology and Pathology Department Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARSRaleighNC 27695USA

Wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis ***, Bgt) is a disease of increasing importance globally due to the adoption of high yielding varieties and modern sustainable farming *** resistant cultivars is a preferred approach to managing this disease, and novel powdery mildew resistance genes are urgently needed for new cultivar development.A genome-wide association study was performed on a panel of 1292 wheat landraces and historical cultivars using 5011 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)*** association panel was evaluated for reactions to three Bgt inoculants, OKS(14)-B-3-1, OKS(14)-C-2-1, and *** disequilibrum(LD) analysis indicated that genome-wide LD decayed to 0.1 at 23 Mb, and population structure analysis revealed seven subgroups in the *** analysis using a mixed linear model(MLM) identified three loci for powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 2 B, designated ***-2BL1,***-2BL2, and *** evaluate the efficacy of GWAS in gene discovery,***-2BL2 was validated using f2 and f2:3 populations derived from PI420646 × *** analysis delimited the powdery mildew resistance gene in PI 420646 to an interval where ***-2BL2 was located, lending credence to the GWAS ***-2BL1 and ***-2BL3, which were associated with four SNPs located at 457.7–461.7 Mb and two SNPs located at 696.6–715.9 Mb in the Chinese Spring reference IWGSC RefSeq v1.0, respectively, are likely novel loci for powdery mildew resistance and can be used in wheat breeding to improve powdery mildew resistance.

关键词： Wheat Powdery mildew GWAS Linkage mapping Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium

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Genomic location of Gb1, a unique gene conferring wheat resistance to greenbug biotype f

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The Crop Journal 2023年第5期11卷 1595-1599页

作者： Xiangyang Xu Genqiao Li Guihua Bai brett fcarver Ruolin Bian Amy Bernardo JScott Armstrong USDA-ARS Wheat Peanutand Other Field Crop Research UnitStillwaterOK 74075USA USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit ManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Greenbug(Schizaphis graminum, Rondani) is a serious insect pest in many wheat growing regions and has been infesting cereal crops in the USA for over a century. Continuous occurrence of new greenbug biotypes makes it essential to explore all greenbug resistant sources available to manage this pest. Gb1, a recessive greenbug resistance gene in DS28A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes and is the only gene found to be resistant to greenbug biotype f. A set of 174 f_(2:3)lines from the cross DS28A × Custer was evaluated for resistance to greenbug biotype f in 2020 and 2022. Selective genotyping of the corresponding f_(2) population using single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) led to the identification of a candidate genomic region for Gb1. Thus, SSR markers previously mapped in this region were used to genotype the entire f2population,and kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP) markers were also developed from SNPs in the target ***1 was placed in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 1A, and its location was confirmed in a second population derived from the cross DS28A × PI 697274. The combined data analysis from the two mapping populations delimited Gb1 to a < 1 Mb interval between 13,328,200 and 14,241,426 bp on1AS.

关键词： Wheat Greenbug resistance gene Gb1 KASP markers Linkage analysis Genotyping-by-sequencing

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Genomic location of Gb1, a unique gene conferring wheat resistance to greenbug biotype f

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The Crop Journal 2023年第5期

作者： Xiangyang Xu Genqiao Li Guihua Bai brett f.carver Ruolin Bian Amy Bernardo J.Scott Armstrong

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to quantitative trait loci for grain quality traits in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Chunlian Li Guihua Bai Shiaoman Chao brett carver Zhonghua Wang College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University Agronomy Department Kansas State University Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit USDA-ARS Department of Plant and Soil Science Oklahoma State University

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality traits that are controlled by quantitative traits loci(QTL) define suitable growing areas and potential end-use products of a wheat cultivar. To dissect QTL for these traits including protein content(GPC); test weight(TW); single kernel characterization system(SKCS)-estimated kernel weight(SKW); kernel diameter(KD);kernel hardness measured by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) hardness index(NHI); and SKCS-hardness index(SHI), a high-density genetic map with single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers was developed using recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Ning7840 × Clark. The RILs were evaluated for these quality traits in seven Oklahoma environments from 2001 to 2003. A total of 41 QTL with additive effects on different traits were mapped on most wheat chromosomes,excluding 1A, 2A, 3D, 4D, 6D, and 7B. Seven chromosome regions showed either tightly linked QTL or QTL with pleiotropic effects on two to four traits. Ten pairs of QTL showed additive × additive effects(AA), four QTL were involved in additive × environment(AE)effects, and one was involved in AAE effects. Two to eleven QTL for each of the six traits and139 tightly linked markers to these QTL were identified. The findings shed light on the inheritance of wheat grain quality traits and provide DNA markers for manipulating these important traits to improve quality of new wheat cultivars.

关键词： Triticum aestivum Epistasis Grain quality traits QTL×environments interaction SNP

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Molecular Characterization of Atlas 66-Derived Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines Contrasting in Aluminum (Al) Tolerance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第5期6卷 522-528页

作者： GUO Pei-guo BAI Gui-hua LI Rong-hua brett carver Michael Baum College of Life Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 P.R.China USDA-ARS-PIant Science and Entomology Research Unit 4008 Throckmorton Hall Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University 0K74078 USA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas （ICARDA） P.O.Box 5466 Aleppo Syria

Aluminum （Al） toxicity is the major limiting factor for wheat growth in acidic soils. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance is one of the most cost-effective solutions to improve wheat productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize near isogenic lines （NILs） contrasting in Al tolerance derived from Atlas 66 in the backgrounds of Al-sensitive cultivars Chisholm and Century using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AfLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR）. A total of 200 AfLP and 88 SSR primer pairs were screened and 12 markers （11 AfLPs and one SSR） were associated with Al-tolerance in NILs of at least one recurrent parental background. Among them, nine were linked to A1 tolerance in the Chisholm-derived NILs, seven were associated with Al-tolerance in the Century-derived NILs, and three AfLPs derived from the primer combinations of pAG/mGCAG, pCAG/mAGC and pGTG/mGCG, and one SSR, Xwmc331 on chromosome 4D, associated with A1 tolerance in NILs of both recurrent parental backgrounds. Those common markers across two backgrounds may be the major marker loci associated with Al-tolerance in Atlas 66 and could be useful for marker-assisted breeding to improve Al tolerance in wheat. In addition, evaluation of Al tolerance among different genotypes using hematoxylin stain and relative root growth revealed that Atlas 66 was more tolerant to Al stress than the NILs, therefore suggested that the Al-tolerant NILs might not carry all Al-tolerance loci from Arias 66 and inheritance of Al tolerance in Arias 66 is more likely multigenic.

关键词： aluminum (Al) tolerance Triticum aestivum L. molecular marker

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Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Winter Wheat “Buster” Population during the Vegetative Stage under Heat Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 1276-1295页

作者： Pratishtha Poudel Vijaya Gopal Kakani Phillip D. Alderman brett f. carver Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

Phenotypic assessment of breeding population is important to identify robust lines for incorporating into future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify potential lines from a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population, based on their morpho-physiological traits, for improved heat tolerance. A subset of 100 lines of the double haploid (DH) population named “Buster”, developed from two successful Oklahoma wheat varieties (Billings and Duster), was used in the study. Two experiments were conducted one in a greenhouse and the other in growth chambers. Data on plant height, tiller number, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigments were collected from the greenhouse;whereas the data on physiological parameters (leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), electron transport rate (ETR), Photosystem II efficiency (Fv'/Fm') and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE)) were collected from the growth chambers. Buster lines were significantly (Pfont-family:Verdana;"> fferent both morphologically and physiologically. A wide range of observations among genotypes for different morph

关键词： Wheat Breeding Buster Heat Stress Morphological Photosynthesis Physiological

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The Chinese Export Boom:An Examination of the Detailed Trade Data

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China & World Economy 2013年第1期21卷 64-90页

作者： brett Berger Robert f.Martin Division of International finance Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Global Monetary and Sovereign Markets Division of International FinanceBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

from 2000 to 2007, Chinese exports grew at a phenomenal pace. Our paper uses finely detailed Chinese export data （8-digit Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System codes） combined with US trade data to explore how this was achieved. Although general explanations such as China ~ exchange rate policy no doubt played a role, we find that sector-specific stories, effective Chinese industrial policy and fortuitous timing were more critical The detailed trade data reveal that ＂＇new ＂＇ technology goods, such as cell phones, LCD screens and laptops, played a key role. finally, we use the data to examine the relationship between Chinese exports and global manufacturing, in particular US manufacturing employment. We find that competition from China in both domestic and foreign markets likely contributed to a significant decline in USA manufacturing employment, but that relatively low US investment and slow GDP growth in the US following the 2001 recession played an equally important role.

关键词： China export manufacturing trade

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Contrasting female mate preferences for red coloration in a fish

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 425-433页

作者： Charel Reulaimd brett M.CuLBERT Alessandro Devigili Ariel f.Kahrl John L.fitzpatrick Department of Zoology Stockholm UniversityStockholmSE-10691Sweden Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphN1G 2W1Canada

Understanding how animals select their mates requires knowing the factors that shape mate *** theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that female mating status can influence the degree to which a female engages in mate choice,with virgin females predicted to be less choosy than mated *** this study,we investigated mate choice in both virgin and mated females in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys *** are small,live-bearing,internally fertilizing freshwater fish that live in mixed-sex groups where females have ample opportunity to engage in mate *** a dichotomous choice assay,we quantified and contrasted in virgin and mated females mate preferences for differences in male body size,beak size,and area of yellow and red *** also examined how mating status influenced the amount of time a female associated with the first male encountered and the relative amount of time a female associated with each *** demonstrate that mate preferences of female halfbeaks are driven primarily by the size of red coloration present on *** showed contrasting preferences based on mating status,with virgin females preferentially associating with drab males whereas mated females preferentially associate with males possessing large areas of *** to expectations,female mating status did not influence how females associate with the first males encountered or how females biased their association time among *** the precise drivers of these effects need further studying,our finding highlights a possible explanation for how variation in male ornamentation can be maintained.

关键词： Dermogenys collettei experience plasticity pygmy halfbeak reproductive status sexual selection sperm competition

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Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci(QTL)for fHB resistance and agronomic traits in a hard winter wheat population

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1836-1845页

作者： Yuzhou Xu Yaoguang Li Ruolin Bian Guorong Zhang Allan K.fritz Yanhong Dong Lanfei Zhao Yunfeng Xu Nida Ghori Amy Bernardo Paul StAmand Jessica L.Shoup Rupp Myron Bruce Wei Wang Eduard Akhunov brett carver Guihua Bai Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDAManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant Pathology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Wheat resistance to fusarium head blight(fHB)has often been associated with some undesirable agronomic *** study the relationship between wheat fHB resistance and agronomic traits,we constructed a linkage map of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using an f6:8 population from G97252W*** two hard winter wheat parents showed contrasts in fHB resistance,plant height(HT),heading date(HD),spike length(SL),spike compactness(SC),kernel number per spike(KNS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW)and grain size(length and width).Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping identified one major QTL(***-2DS)on chromosome arm 2DS for the percentage of symptomatic spikelets(PSS)in the spike,deoxynivalenol(DON)content and fusarium damaged kernel(fDK).This QTL explained up to 71.8%of the phenotypic variation for the three fHB-related traits and overlapped with the major QTL for HT,HD,SL,KNS,SNS,TGW,and grain *** on chromosome arms 2AL,2DS,3AL and 4BS were significant for the spike and grain traits measured.G97252W contributed fHB resistance and high SNS alleles at ***-2DS,high KNS alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,and high TGW and grain size alleles at QTL on 3AL;whereas G97380A contributed high TGW and grain size alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,respectively,and the high KNS allele at the 4BS *** ***-2DS with positive alleles for spike and grain traits from other chromosomes may simultaneously improve fHB resistance and grain yield in new cultivars.

关键词： Wheat fusarium head blight fHB resistance Developmental and yield traits Pleiotropic QTL

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Impact of thermal processes on multi-crystalline silicon

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frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 32-41页

作者： Moonyong KIM Phillip HAMER Hongzhao LI David PAYNE Stuart WENHAM Malcolm ABBOTT brett HALLAM School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering Universityof New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH United Kingdom

fabrication of modem multi-crystalline silicon solar cells involves multiple processes that are thermally intensive. These include emitter diffusion, thermal oxida- tion and firing of the metal contacts. This paper illustrates the variation and potential effects upon recombination in the wafers due to these thermal processes. The use of light emitter diffusions more compatible with selective emitter designs had a more detrimental effect on the bulk lifetime of the silicon than that of heavier diffusions compatible with a homogenous emitter design and screen-printed contacts. This was primarily due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering for the light emitter. This reduction in lifetime could be mitigated through the use of a dedicated gettering process applied before emitter diffusion. Thermal oxida- tions could greatly improve surface passivation in the intra- grain regions, with the higher temperatures yielding the highest quality surface passivation. However, the higher temperatures also led to an increase in bulk recombination either due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering, or due to the presence of a thicker oxide layer, which may interrupt hydrogen passivation. The effects of fast firing were separated into thermal effects and hydrogenation effects. While hydrogen can passivate defects hence improving the performance, thermal effects during fast firing can dissolve precipitating impurities such as iron or de-getter impurities hence lower the performance, leading to a poisoning of the intra-grain regions.

关键词： gettering grain boundaries hydrogen impurities oxidation passivation solar cell

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