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Weave geometry generation avoiding interferences for mesoscale RVEs

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2869-2882页

作者： Daniel Höwer Shengkai Yu Trenton M.Ricks brett a.bednarcyk Evan J.Pineda Bertram Stier Stefanie Reese Jaan-Willem Simon Institute of Applied Mechanics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH 44135USA Collier Research and Development Corporation Newport NewsVA 23606USA

An algorithm which allows the generation of representative volume elements(RVEs) for complex woven and warp-interlaced fiber-reinforced composite topologies while avoiding unphysical tow intersections is presented. This is achieved by extending an existing RVE generation strategy in two significant ways:(1) the local cross section shape of the tow is adjusted depending on the local tow curvature in a way that preserves the cross sectional area of the tow, and(2) the elementary crimp interval is separated into a planar and a transition region. The modifications facilitate the generation of a wide range of elaborate textile topologies without tow intersections, which are present without the proposed modifications unless complex tow to tow contact models are introduced. The mechanical properties of plain weaves were predicted based on the topology generated with the proposed algorithm as well as based on RVEs which were constructed based on actual micrographs, i.e. a "digital twin" of the actual microstructure. A comparison of the predicted mechanical properties based on finite element and Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells techniques shows close agreement. However, some differences exist with respect to experimentally determined material parameters due to the finite dimensions of the specimens. Lastly,mechanical properties of multilayered weaves are predicted with the finite element method. The considered material systems are carbon fiber in epoxy matrix as well as C/C-SiC. However, the procedure is applicable to a wide range of material systems.

关键词： RVE generation Multiscale analysis Composites

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A Natural Catalytic Converter^® for Continuously Inactivating Air and Surface Pathogens with More Effect than Ventilation and Filtration

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1353-1363页

作者： Margaret Scarlett brett Duffy CAPT. (Ret.) US Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States of America ASHRAE (62.1 Standard Committee) Atlanta GA United States of America

Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This includes protection from airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, common cold or influenza viruses, measles, and others. Engineering controls are highly effective at reducing hazardous pathogens found in indoor air and from recontamination of surfaces. This occurs from a continuous cycle of settling of small, sustained airborne pathogens, which may become dehumidified, becoming airborne again, carried by room air currents around indoor spaces, then repeating the cycle. Methods: The novel technology utilizes a catalytic process to produce safe levels of hydrogen peroxide gas that are effective in reducing pathogens in the air and on surfaces. Air testing was performed with the MS2 bacteriophage, the test organism for ASHRAE standard 241, and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surface testing was performed with SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus COVID-19) and H1N1 (Influenza). Typical ventilation and filtration does not effectively remove disbursed pathogens from the entire facility, due to inconsistent air circulation and surface deposits of pathogens. Results: MS2 was reduced by 99.9%;MRSA was reduced by 99.9%;SARS-CoV-2 was reduced by 99.9%;H1N1 was reduced by 99.9%. Conclusion: This novel catalytic converter reduces a variety of pathogens in the air (99%) and on surfaces (99%), by actively disinfecting with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. This active disinfection provides a strong solution for protecting the entire facility and its occupants.

关键词： Pathogen Bacteria Virus Reduction Gaseous Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfection Indoor Air Quality Surface

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Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Xiwei Fan Antonia Rujia Sun Reuben S.E.Young Isaac O.Afara brett R.Hamilton Louis Jun Ye Ong Ross Crawford Indira Prasadam Centre for Biomedical Technologies Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Mechanical Medical&Process EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Central Analytical Research Facility Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia Molecular Horizons University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of EngineeringArchitecture and Information TechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia The Prince Charles Hospital BrisbaneQLDAustralia

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose *** presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial ***,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic *** analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint *** issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical *** insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease *** resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular *** advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial *** fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial ***,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and *** these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease *** review summarizes the rec

关键词： insight Spatial enable

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： brett M.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew G.Salena Marian Y.L.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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就地养老:蒙蒂菲奥里的M养老住宅

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当代建筑 2024年第7期 110-117页

作者：无 brett Boardman(摄影) Justin Alexander(摄影) Evan Zell(摄影) 杰克逊蒂斯建筑设计事务所不详

蒙蒂菲奥里的M养老住宅是悉尼市中心一个高品质养老社区中的独立住宅部分,是对原有养老社区的扩建和更新。这两栋新独立住宅楼位于兰德威克国王街,这里曾经是悉尼电车中心的所在地。

关键词：就地养老适应性社会责任

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Multiphysics processes in the interfacial transition zone of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites under induced curing pressure and implications for mine backfill materials: A critical review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第8期30卷 1474-1489页

作者： brett Holmberg Liang Cui Department of Civil Engineering Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

The mesoscale fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone(FM-ITZ) under induced curing pressure plays a key role in the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement and the engineering application of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites(FRCCs). This critical review establishes the link among induced curing pressure(i.e., external loading condition), multiphysics processes(i.e., internal governing mechanism), and interface behavior(i.e., material behavior) for FRCC materials through analysis of the state-of-the-art research findings on the FM-ITZ of FRCC materials. The following results are obtained. For the mechanical process, the induced curing pressure changes the stress state and enhances multicracking behavior, which can strengthen the FM-ITZ. For the hydraulic process, the strengthened seepage of the FM-ITZ under induced curing pressure weakens the effective stress and exaggerates the deficiency in water retention capacity between the bulk matrix and the FMITZ. For the thermal process, the induced curing pressure causes a steep temperature gradient in the FM-ITZ and thus influences the temperature evolution and thermally-induced microcracks in the FM-ITZ. For the chemical process, the induced curing pressure enhances hydration kinetics and results in the formation of additional hydration products in the FM-ITZ. Moreover, recommendations are proposed on the basis of findings from this review to facilitate the implementation of fiber reinforcement in cemented paste backfill technology.

关键词： cemented paste backfill cementitious composites interfacial transition zone fiber reinforcement multiphysics induced curing pressure

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Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第7期25卷 122-159页

作者： Le Yu Sacha Cavelier brett Hannon Mei Wei Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Ohio UniversityAthensOH45701USA Biomedical Engineering Program Ohio UniversityAthensOH45701USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio UniversityAthensOH45701USA

Osteochondral(OC)repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral *** contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms,tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the *** particular,the use of multizonal scaffolds(MZSs)that mimic the gradient transitions,from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions,structures,and properties of natural OC tissue,has been gaining momentum in recent *** the latest developments in the field,this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances,current hurdles,and future perspectives of OC repair,particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered,trilayered,multilayered,and gradient scaffolds,by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs,material selections,manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells,each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.

关键词： Multizonal scaffolds Osteochondral regeneration Fabrication Cells Growth factors

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Diabetes as a consequence of acute pancreatitis

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第31期29卷 4736-4743页

作者： Ericka Charley brett Dinner Kimberly Pham Neil Vyas Department of Gastroenterology Creighton University-St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center PhoenixAZ 85013United States Department of Internal Medicine Creighton University St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85013United States Department of Gastroenterology Creighton University St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85013United States

Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types:Type 1,type 2 and gestational *** the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP),a lesser-known type of diabetes referred to as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP)is becoming more ***,there is a poor understanding of the inherent relationship between diabetes and *** is established data about certain diseases affecting the exocrine function of the pancreas which can lead to *** specifically,there are well established guidelines for diagnosis and management of DEP caused be chronic ***,the sequelae of AP leading to diabetes has limited recognition and *** purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence,epidemiology,pathophysiology and future research aims of APrelated *** addition,we propose a screening and diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in providing better care for their patients.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Type 3c diabetes Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas Sequelae of acute pancreatitis Screening and diagnostic algorithm

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Enhancing IoT anomaly detection performance for federated learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第3期8卷 314-323页

作者： brett Weinger Jinoh Kim Alex Sim Makiya Nakashima Nour Moustafa K.John Wu Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCAUSA Texas A&M University CommerceTXUSA University of New South Wales CanberraAustralia

Federated Learning (FL) with mobile computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) is an effective cooperative learning approach. However, several technical challenges still need to be addressed. For instance, dividing the training process among several devices may impact the performance of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, often significantly degrading prediction accuracy compared to centralized learning. One of the primary reasons for such performance degradation is that each device can access only a small fraction of data (that it generates), which limits the efficacy of the local ML model constructed on that device. The performance degradation could be exacerbated when the participating devices produce different classes of events, which is known as the class balance problem. Moreover, if the participating devices are of different types, each device may never observe the same types of events, which leads to the device heterogeneity problem. In this study, we investigate how data augmentation can be applied to address these challenges and improving detection performance in an anomaly detection task using IoT datasets. Our extensive experimental results with three publicly accessible IoT datasets show the performance improvement of up to 22.9% with the approach of data augmentation, compared to the baseline (without relying on data augmentation). In particular, stratified random sampling and uniform random sampling show the best improvement in detection performance with only a modest increase in computation time, whereas the data augmentation scheme using Generative Adversarial Networks is the most time-consuming with limited performance benefits.

关键词： Data augmentation Federated learning Internet of things Anomaly detection Machine learning

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