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Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging(SOMMA)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell Peggy M.Cawthon Paul M.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna distefano Samaneh Farsijani daniel E.Forman bret H.Goodpaster Stephen B.Kritchevsky Theresa Mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman Nancy W.Glynn department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA department of Medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(PA)has been shown to offset these declines in older ***,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise ***,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle ***:As part of the Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±Sd;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXPHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATP_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 ***-reported sedentary behavior,MVPA,and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors(CHAMPS)*** regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by MVP A and sedentary *** a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle ***:Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/s higher ATP_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(pd with maxOXPHOS or ATP_(max).Meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXPHOS and0.

关键词： Aging Exercise Mitochondria

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Epidemic time series similarity is related to geographic distance and age structure

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Infectious disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 690-697页

作者： Tad A.dallas Grant Foster Robert L.Richards bret d.eld.rd department of Biological Sciences University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70802USA

Objective:More similar locations may have similar infectious disease *** is clear overlap in putative causes for epidemic similarity,such as geographic distance,age structure,and population *** compare the effects of these potential drivers on epidemic similarity compared to a baseline assumption that differences in the basic reproductive number(R0)will translate to differences in epidemic ***:Using COVId-19 case counts from United States counties,we explore the importance of geographic distance,population size differences,and age structure dissimilarity on resulting epidemic ***:We find clear effects of geographic space,age structure,population size,and R0 on epidemic similarity,but notably the effect of age structure was stronger than the baseline assumption that differences in R0 would be most related to epidemic ***:Together,this highlights the role of spatial and demographic processes on SARS-CoV2 epidemics in the United States.

关键词： Epidemic similarity SARS-CoV2 Age structure distance decay

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Leaching of lanthanide and yttrium from a Central Appalachian coal and the ashes obtained at 550-950℃

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第5期40卷 807-814,I0005页

作者： Ronghong Lin Yee Soong bret H.Howard Murphy J.Keller Elliot A.Roth Ping Wang Evan J.Granite U.S.department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill RoadP.O.Box 10940PittsburghPA15236United States Keylogic Systems.Pittsburgh PA15236United States

In this work,we investigated leaching of lanthanide and yttrium(REY) from a Central Appalachian coal and its ashes obtained at 550-950℃ with the main purpose of understanding the impact of ashing temperature on REY leachability in water,ammonium sulfate,and hydrochloric *** is found that the coal contains a negligible amount of water-soluble REY,less than 1% ion-exchangeable REY,and about 28% of HCl-soluble *** leads to dramatic changes in REY leachability in both ammonium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solutions,which is believed to be related to transformation and redistribution of organically-associated REY in coal during the ashing *** temperature significantly affects REY leaching from coal ashes;higher ashing temperature results in lower REY leachability in both *** minerals may play a significant role in changing the leachability of REY after *** addition,the results also suggest that the organic matter in the coal is relatively enriched in heavy REY.

关键词： Acid leaching Cation exchange Coal Coal ash Rare earth elements Yttrium

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Utilization of Compost as a Soil Amendment to Increase Soil Health and to Improve Crop Yields

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 216-224页

作者： Jerome Wright Scott Kenner bret Lingwall department of Civil Engineering South Dakota Mines Rapid City USA

Compost amendments have remarkable potential for improving soil structure, porosity and water holding capacity. Soil health is the ability to function as a living system, to sustain plant and animal productivity, to enhance water and air quality, and to promote plant and animal health. Soil health can be estimated by measuring the total living microbial biomass, retained carbon, odor, and texture. Poor or deteriorating soil health is threatening food security. The potential for compost to reverse these negative trends is transformative if means and methods for large scale composting and compost amendments can be developed. A field-scale compost soil amendment project was implemented in Rapid City, South dakota. The compost was added to a soil plot at 5 wt% and 10 wt% and the results were compared with an adjacent untreated plot without any compost addition. Measurements of soil health characteristics indicate that compost amendments improve soil health, crop yields, and soil water content. Treating soils with compost has the potential to reverse global deteriorating soil health.

关键词： Compost Crop Yields Soil Health Food Security

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MOLECULAR ANd SUPRAMOLECULAR OrdERING IN CONFINEd ENVIRONMENTS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期18卷 287-300页

作者： Stephen Z.d.Cheng bret H.Calhoun Roderic P.Quirk Benjamin S.Hsiao Maurice Morton Institute and department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USAMaurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USAMaurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USADepartment of ChemistryThe State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA

Crystal and phase morphologies and structures determined by self-organization of crystalline-amorphous diblockcopolymers, crystallization of the crystallizable blocks, and vitrification of the amorphous blocks are reviewed through asystematic study on a series of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) diblock copolymers. On the base ofcompetitions among these three processes, molecular and supramolecular ordering in confined environments can beinvestigated. In a concentration-fluctuation-induced disordered (d_(CF)) diblock copolymer, the competition between crystalli-zation of the PEO blocks and vitrification of the PS blocks is momtored by time-resolved simultaneous small angle X-rayscattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXd) techniques. In the case of T_cd to be confined within the bicontinuous d_(CF) phase due to the rapid vitrification of the PS-rich *** crystallization rate, crystal melting behavior, and crystallinity results further confirm the competition betweencrystallization and vitrification at different temperatures. In an ordered lamellar PEO-b-PS diblock copolymer, the crystalli-zation of the PEO blocks is completely confined within the ordered lamellae due to rapid vitrification of the PS layers asobserved by time-resolved SAXS and WAXd experiments. From the combined two-dimensional SAXS and WAXdmeasurements, the crystal orientation within the confined lamellar geometry is found parallel to the lamellar surface normalwhen it is isothermally crystallized at 35℃. In an ordered cylindrical PEO-b-PS sample, the crystallization of the PEO blocksis also observed to be confined within the ordered cylinders because of rapid vitrification of the PS matrix. The crystalorientation within the confined cylinders is found perpendicular to the cylinder axis as it is crystallized at 35℃.

关键词： Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene diblock copolymer Molecular ordering, Supramolecular ordering, Confined environment

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Soil Moisture Retention on the High Plains of North America via Compost Amendments: A Longitudinal Field Study

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第7期12卷 295-322页

作者： Wright Jerome Kenner Scott Lingwall bret Civil and Environmental Engineering (Retired) Rapid City South Dakota USA department Head of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Retired) South Dakota Mines Rapid City South Dakota USA department of Civil and Environmental Engineering South Dakota Mines Rapid City South Dakota USA

Water is a finite but vital resource, and the volume of water used in arid and semi-arid regions must be managed to its fullest and best use. Irrigation water is approximately 37% of the total water used in the United States by volume annually. Thus, this area of water use is critical for local and national water conservation. Irrigation is primarily used to increase soil water content above that which precipitation can supply. Soil structure and associated effects on drainage and evapotranspiration, however, largely control soil water content, no matter the amount of applied water. Therefore, improving soil structure to hold more water decreases the amount of water needed for irrigation, which frees that water for other uses. In this paper, organic compost amendments are studied to determine the change in soil structure and accompanying improvements in soil water content over a 4-year period. A uniform field site was selected for this research in the high plains of South dakota, where irrigation water was available for crop growth. The test site was divided into two equal area fields;one without compost and a field with compost amendments added to 20 cm depth. Compost was incorporated into the treated field at rates of 5% and 10% by weight. Both fields received the same tillage, seed, fertilizer, weather and irrigation. Weekly to monthly in-situ water content measurements from both fields were recorded at the surface and the depths of 20, 40 and 60 cm from 2017 to 2020. Precipitation and applied irrigation water were recorded at the site. No irrigation occurred in 2019 and 2020, and moisture content was dependent on natural precipitation in those years. Results of water content and soil structure show significant differences in the water contents of the soils with the compost amendments compared to baseline, with higher compost content resulting in higher water contents without the soil becoming over-saturated. These results were consistent at all depths and across

关键词： Water Content Compost Amended Soil Soil Structure

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Two upper bounds for the Erdos-Hooley delta-function

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第12期66卷 2683-2692页

作者： Regis de la breteche Gerald Tenenbaum Institut de Mathematiques Universite Paris CiteSorbonne UniversiteCNRSParis F-75013France Institut Elie Cartan Universite de LorraineVandoeuvre-les-NancyBP 70239France

For integer n≥1 and real u,let Δ(n,u):=|{d:d] n,e^(u)<d≤e^(u+1)}|.The Erdos-Hooley deltafunction is then defined by Δ(n):=Max_(u∈R)Δ(n,u).We improve the current upper bounds for the average and normal orders of ... 详细信息

For integer n≥1 and real u,let Δ(n,u):=|{d:d] n,e^(u)d≤e^(u+1)}|.The Erdos-Hooley deltafunction is then defined by Δ(n):=Max_(u∈R)Δ(n,u).We improve the current upper bounds for the average and normal orders of this arithmetic function.

关键词： concentration of divisors average order normal order Waring’s problem

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Gravitation-enabled Forward Acceleration during Flap-bounding Flight in Birds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第3期15卷 505-515页

作者： Yi Wang bret W. Tobalske Bo Cheng Xinyan deng School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Flap-bounding, a form of intermittent flight, is often exhibited by small birds over their entire range of flight speeds. Its purpose is unclear during low to medium speed （2 m·s^-1-8 m·s^-1） flight： aerodynamic models suggest continuous flapping would require less power output and lower cost of transport. To explore its functional significance at low speeds, we measured body trajectory and kinematics of wings and tail of two zebra finches （Taeniopygia guttata） during flights between two perches in a laboratory. The flights consisted of three phases： initial, descending and ascending. Zebra finch first accelerated using continuous flapping, then descended, featuring intermittent bounds. The flight was completed by ascending using nearly-continuous flapping. When exiting bounds in descending phase, they achieved higher velocity than that of pre-bound forward by swinging their body forward similar to pendular motion with conserved me- chanical energy. We recorded takeoffs of three black-capped chickadees （Poecile atricapillus） in the wild and also found similar kine- matics. Our modeling of power output indicated finch achieved higher velocity （13%） with lower cost of transport （9%） when descending, compared with continuous flapping in previously studied pigeons. Flap-bounding could be useful for unmanned aerial vehicle design by mimicking descending flight to achieve rapid take-off and transition to forward flight.

关键词： zebra finch intermittent flight aerodynamics power unmanned aerial vehicle

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A newly developed technique involving the optimization of flow velocity compensation for lower extremity CT angiography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第16期58卷 1864-1868页

作者： ZHANG Lei XU dong LI KunCheng JIN ErHu BARNES bret department of Cardiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Xuanwu Hospital department of Radiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Xuanwu Hospital department of Radiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital department of Radiology Medical College of Wisconsin

Advanced computed tomography (CT) technology has allowed for faster and more robust imaging. However, it has been a technical challenge to correctly synchronize CT acquisition with adequate and uniform arterial enhancement in the entire peripheral arterial tree. In this summary, we introduce a method of injection/acquisition optimization strategy based on a velocity-compen-sated CT angiography technique for the peripheral artery system, which is currently used in the United States. We believe that this imaging technique will provide additional information for our daily CT services in China.

关键词：成像技术血管造影优化策略 CT 计算机断层扫描开发下肢补偿

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The state and future of emergency medicine in Macedonia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 245-249页

作者： bret Nicks Marko Spasov Christopher Watkins Emergency Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center2nd Meads Hall Medical Center Blvd Clinic on Traumatology State University Hospital

BACKGROUNd:Macedonia has universal public health care *** and emergency patient care is provided in different care environments based on the medical complaint and resource *** emergency medicine and well organized emergency departments(Eds) are an essential component of any developed health care system,emergency medicine as a specialty is relatively non-existent in *** RESOURCES:A system assessment regarding presence,availability and capacity of Eds was completed from 2013-2015,based upon assessments of 21 institutions providing emergency care and information provided by the Ministry of *** assessment establishes a benchmark from which to strategically identify,plan and implement the future of emergency medicine in ***:In general,emergency departments- defined by offering acute care 24 hours per day,7 days per week- were available at all general and university ***,care resources,emergency and acute care training,and patient care capacity vary greatly within the *** is limited uniformity in acute care approach and *** Eds are not organized as separate divisions run by a head medical doctor,nor are they staffed by specialists trained in emergency *** diagnostic and treatment capacities are insufficient or outdated by current international emergency medicine standards and frequently require patient transfer or admission prior to ***:Most of the surveyed hospitals are capable of providing essential diagnostic tests,but very few are able to do so at the point or time of *** emergency medical services(EMS) have improved system-wide,emergent care interventions by EMS and within all hospitals remain *** system-wide acute and emergency care improvements are forthcoming.

关键词： Emergency medicine Macedonia

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