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lack of support for Rensch＇s rule in an intraspecific test using red flour beetle （Tribo/ium castaneum） populations

Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 133-140页

作者： Oliver Y. Martin lukasz Michalczyk Anna l. Millard brent C. Emerson Matthew J. G. Gage School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7T J United Kingdom ETH Zurich Experimental Ecology Institute of Integrative Biology D-USYS Universitatsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Department of Entomology Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 9 30-387 Krakow Poland Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC) CIAstrofisico Francisco Sanchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain

Rensch＇s rule proposes a universal allometric scaling phenomenon across species where sexual size dimorphism （SSD） has evolved： in taxa with male-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should increase with overall body size, and in taxa with female-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should decrease with increasing average body size. Rensch＇s rule appears to hold widely across taxa where SSD is male-biased, but not consistently when SSD is female-biased. Furthermore, studies addressing this question within species are rare, so it remains unclear whether this rule applies at the intraspecific level. We assess body size and SSD within Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）, a species where females are larger than males, using 21 populations derived from separate locations across the world, and maintained in isolated laboratory culture for at least 20 years. Body size, and hence SSD patterns, are highly susceptible to variations in temperature, diet quality and other environmental factors. Crucially, here we nullify interference of such confounds as all populations were maintained under identical conditions （similar densities, standard diet and exposed to identical temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod）. We measured thirty beetles of each sex for all populations, and found body size variation across populations, and （as expected） female-biased SSD in all populations. We test whether Rensch＇s rule holds for our populations, but find isometry, i.e. no allometry for SSD. Our results thus show that Rensch＇s rule does not hold across populations within this species. Our intraspecific test matches previous interspecific studies showing that Rensch＇s rule fails in species with female-biased SSD.

关键词： allometry body size Coleoptera sexual selection sexual size dimorphism Tenebrionidae

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Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst directed assembly of gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 608-615,F0004页

作者： Sona Jain Zhicheng Huang brent R. Dixon Syed Sattar Juewen liu Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooOntarioN2L3G1Canada Bureau of Microbial Hazards Food DirectorateHealth CanadaOntarioK1A 0K9Canada Faculty of Medicine University of OttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada

Understanding the interactions between inorganic nanomaterials and biological species is an important topic for surface and environmental chemistry. In this work, we systematically studied the oocysts of Cryptosporidium pa r v u m as a model protozoan parasite and its interaction with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene oxide (GO). The as-prepared citrate-capped AuNPs adsorb strongly on the oocysts leading to a vivid color change. The adsorption of the AuNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Heat treatment fully inhibited the color change, indicating a large change of surface chemistry of the oocysts that can be probed by the AuNPs. Adding proteases such as trypsin and proteinase K partially inhibited the color change. DNA-capped AuNPs, on the other hand, could not be adsorbed by the oocysts. GO was found to wrap around the oocysts forming a conformal shell reflecting the shape of the oocysts. Both citratecapped AuNPs and GO compromised the membrane integrity of the oocysts as indicated by the propidium iodide staining experiment, and they may be potentially used for inactivating the oocysts. This is the first example of using nanomaterials to probe the surface of the oocysts, and it suggests the possibility of using such organisms to template the assembly of nanomaterials.

关键词： nanomaterials toxicology water biosensors

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Vitamin A administration at birth promotes calf growth and intramuscular fat development in Angus beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 991-999页

作者： Corrine l.Harris Bo Wang Jeneane M.Deavila Jan R.Busboom Martin Maquivar Steven M.Parish brent McCann Mark l.Nelson Min Du Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University

Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and ***: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. Steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient ***: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P level, though no difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P level from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Similarly, carcass marbling score in the ribeye quadratically increased(P lusion: Administration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat ***, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.

关键词： Beef Calf Cattle Marbling fat Quality Vitamin A

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Camouflage Patterning in Maize leaves Results from a Defect in Porphobilinogen Deaminase

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 773-789页

作者： Mingshu Huanga Thomas l. Slewinski R. Frank Baker , Diane Janick-Buckner brent Buckner Gurmukh S. Johal David M. Braun Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 Division of Science Truman State University Kirksville MO 63501 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907

Maize leaves are produced from polarized cell divisions that result in clonal cell lineages arrayed along the long axis of the leaf. We utilized this stereotypical division pattern to identify a collection of mutants that form chloroplast pigmentation sectors that violate the clonal cell lineages. Here, we describe the camouflage1 （cfl） mutant, which develops nonclonal, yellow-green sectors in its leaves. We cloned the cfl gene by transposon tagging and determined that it encodes porphobilinogen deaminase （PBGD）, an enzyme that functions early in chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. While PBGD has been characterized biochemically, no viable mutations in this gene have been reported in plants. To investigate the in vivo function of PBGD, we characterized the cfl mutant. Histological analyses revealed that cfl yellow sectors display the novel phenotype of bundle sheath cell-specific death. light-shift experiments determined that constant light suppressed cfl sector formation, a dark/light transition is required to induce yellow sectors, and that sectors form only during a limited time of leaf development. Biochemical experiments determined that of 1 mutant leaves have decreased PBGD activity and increased levels of the enzyme substrate in both green and yellow regions. Furthermore, the cfl yellow regions displayed a reduction in catalase activity. A threshold model is hypothesized to explain the cfl variegation and incorporates photosynthetic cell differentiation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and PBGD function.

关键词： camouflage1 maize porphobilinogen deaminase tetrapyrrole biosynthesis variegated leaf.

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The Effects of 5 Weeks of leg-Drive Training on Bench Press Performance in Recreationally-Trained,College-Age Men

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第3期4卷 231-236页

作者： Jacob K.Gardner Justin T.Chia brent M.Peterson Kelsey l.Miller Department of Kinesiology and Health Science Biola University13800 Biola AveLa MiradaCA 90639USA Department of Health and Human Development Western Washington University516 High StreetBellinghamWA 98225USA

Introduction The bench press is commonly used to measure upper-body *** much emphasis has been placed on the upper-body,little is known about how the lower-body can play a role in bench press ***-drive is a technique that includes flexing the knee so the feet line up posterior to the knee joint,while simultaneously contracting the knee extensors isometrically during the *** purpose of this study was to compare strength characteristics of lifters in a standard bench press versus a leg-drive bench press over the course of 5-weeks of *** Twenty-three recreationally active males(age:22.4±2.1 years,height:175.0±5.9 cm,mass:78.4±9.5 kg)were randomized into a standard bench or leg-drive bench press *** performed four sets to failure,two times per week for five *** of interests were training volume and 1-repetition maximum(1RM)*** training volume,a 2×5(group×week)repeated measures analysis of variance(RMANOVA)was *** the 1RM’s,a 2×2×2(group×press type×time)RMANOVA was used.A priori alpha levels were set to *** Over time,both groups showed an approximate 6%increase in 1RM *** volume for week 4 was 5.6%less than week 5,but was not different from weeks 1 through *** between-group differences were observed for 1RM strength or training *** This results of this work indicates that 5 weeks of leg-drive training is effective in increasing 1RM strength,but was not more effective than standard bench press ***,lifters should choose either lifting style based on personal preference.

关键词： Chest press lower-body Weight lifting Isometric contraction

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levy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm-based micro-grid equipment sizing:An integrated investment and operational planning approach

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第1期3卷 126-150页

作者： Soheil Mohseni Alan C.brent Daniel Burmester Will N.Browne Sustainable Energy Systems Faculty of EngineeringVictoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Department of Industrial Engineering and the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa

Bridging the gap between simulation and reality for successful micro-grid(MG)implementation requires accu-rate mathematical modelling of the underlying energy infrastructure and extensive optimisation of the design space defined by all possible combinations of the size of the *** exact mathematical optimisa-tion approaches to the MG capacity planning are highly computationally efficient,they often fail to preserve the associated problem nonlinearities and *** translates into the fact that the available MG sizing tools potentially return a sub-optimal(inferior)MG *** brings to light the importance of nature-inspired,swarm-based meta-heuristic optimisation algorithms that are able to effectively handle the nonlinear and non-convex nature of the MG design optimisation problem–and better approximate the globally optimum solution–though at the expense of increased computational ***,this paper introduces a robust MG capacity planning optimisation framework based on a state-of-the-art meta-heuristic,namely the lévy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm(MFOA).An intelligent linear programming-based day-ahead en-ergy scheduling design is,additionally,integrated into the proposed model.A case study is presented for a real grid-tied community MG in rural New Zealand.A comparison of the modelling results with those of the most popular tool in the literature and industry,HOMER Pro,verifies the superiority of the proposed meta-heuristic-based MG sizing ***,the efficiency of the lévy-flight MFOA is compared to nine well-established meta-heuristics in the MG capacity planning *** comparative analyses have revealed the statistically significant outperformance of the lévy-flight MFOA to the examined ***,its superiority to the original MFOA,the hybrid genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimisation,and the ant colony optimiser,by at least~6.5%,~8.4%,and~12.8%,is ***

关键词： Micro-grid Techno-economic Meta-heuristic Optimal sizing Operational planning Smart grid Optimization

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Athermal third harmonic generation in micro‐ring resonators

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2020年第12期3卷 17-27页

作者： Shaohao Wang Yuhua li brent Elittle leiran Wang Xiang Wang Roy RDavidson Sai Tak Chu FZU-Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics Jinjiang Science and Education ParkFuzhou UniversityJinjiang 362200China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong 999077China State Key laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China QXP Technology Xi’an 710311China Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology Qi Shan CampusFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Key laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Nonlinear high-harmonic generation in micro-resonators is a common technique used to extend the operating range of applications such as self-referencing systems and coherent communications in the visible ***,the generated high-harmonic emissions are subject to a resonance shift with a change in *** present a comprehensive study of the thermal behavior induced phase mismatch that shows this resonance shift can be compensated by a combination of the linear and nonlinear thermo-optics *** this model,we predict and experimentally demonstrate visible third harmonic modes having temperature dependent wavelength shifts between−2.84 pm/ºC and 2.35 pm/ºC when pumped at the *** providing a new way to achieve athermal operation,this also allows one to measure the thermal coefficients and Q-factor of the visible *** steady state analysis,we have also identified the existence of stable athermal third harmonic generation and experimentally demonstrated orthogonally pumped visible third harmonic modes with a temperature dependent wavelength shift of 0.05 pm/ºC over a temperature range of 12º*** findings promise a configurable and active temperature dependent wavelength shift compensation scheme for highly efficient and precise visible emission generation for potential 2f–3f self-referencing in metrology,biological and chemical sensing applications.

关键词： third-harmonic generation thermodynamics micro-resonators

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Association between axial length and toric intraocular lens rotation according to an online toric back-calculator

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第3期15卷 420-425页

作者： Jennifer l.Patnaik Malik Y.Kahook John P.Berdahl David R.Hardten Brandie D.Wagner leonard K.Seibold brent A.Kramer Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado 80045USA Vance Thompson Vision Sioux FallsSouth Dakota 57108USA Minnesota Eye Consultants MinneapolisMinnesota 55404USA Department of Biostatistics Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColorado 80045USA Department of Ophthalmology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina 27517USA

AIM: To assess the relationship between axial length(Al) and intraocular lens(IOl) rotation among eyes receiving a toric IOl and subsequently entered into an online toric back-calculator ***: Retrospective analysis of data collected online via ***, a freely available online toric back-calculator where surgeons enter pre-and postoperative information to help manage residual postoperative *** records were deemed valid with entry of Al and IOl orientation between January 2017 and March *** was determined by a difference of ≥5° between pre-operative intended IOl orientation and actual post-operative IOl *** and magnitude of rotation are presented with means and associated standard deviation(SD).linear regression models of this association are ***: Records of 6752 eyes were included in the analysis, of which 74.8% were determined to have a rotated *** magnitude of rotation increased with each millimeter(mm) increase in Al with a mean rotation of 13.3°(SD: 12.8°) for eyes with Al 20-20.9 mm and a maximum mean rotation of 30.6°(SD: 30.3°) among eyes with Al 29-29.9 *** linear modeling demonstrated a significant association(Plysis from an online database indicates that toric IOls inserted into eyes with longer Al are more likely to rotate and to rotate more degrees from the target *** findings from this study are clinically relevant for surgeons implanting toric IOls.

关键词： cataract surgery toric lens axial length rotation

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Conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator for high-energy-densityephysics experiments

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第4期2卷 204-223页

作者： R.B.Spielman D.H.Froula G.brent E.M.Campbell D.B.Reisman M.E.Savage M.J.Shoup III W.A.Stygar M.l.Wisher laboratory for laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNY14623USA Sandia National laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We have developed a conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator based on the linear-transformer-driver(lTD)architecture described by Stygar[*** et al.,*** *** 18,110401(2015)].The driver will allow multiple,high-energy-density experiments per day in a university environment and,at the same time,will enable both fundamental and integrated experiments that are scalable to larger *** this design,many individual energy storage units(bricks),each composed of two capacitors and one switch,directly drive the target load without additional pulse *** lTD modules in parallel drive the *** module consists of 16 lTD cavities connected in series,where each cavity is powered by 22 bricks connected in *** design stores up to 2.75 MJ and delivers up to 15 TW in 100 ns to the constant-impedance,water-insulated radial transmission *** transmission lines in turn deliver a peak current as high as 12.5 MA to the physics *** maximize its experimental value and flexibility,the accelerator is coupled to a modern,multibeam laser facility(four beams with up to 5 kJ in 10 ns and one beam with up to 2.6 kJ in 100 ps or less)that can provide auxiliary heating of the physics *** lasers also enable advanced diagnostic techniques such as X-ray Thomson scattering and multiframe and three-dimensional *** coupled accelerator-laser facility will be the first of its kind and be capable of conducting unprecedented high-energy-densityephysics experiments.

关键词： Pulsed power accelerator High energy density physics Conceptual design

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Effects of transdermal magnesium chloride on quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia: a feasibility study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第5期13卷 306-313页

作者： Deborah J.Engen Samantha J.Mc Allister Mary O.Whipple Stephen S.Cha liza J.Dion Ann Vincent brent A.Bauer Dietlind l.Wahner-Roedler Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Clinic Division of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic

BACKGROUND： Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances. Its primary cause is unclear. Several studies have reported decreased intracellular magnesium levels in patients with fibromyalgia and have found negative correlation between magnesium levels and fibromyalgia symptoms.OBJECTIVE： To gather preliminary data on whether transdermal magnesium can improve quality of life for women who have fibromyalgia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This is a patient questionnaires and survey in a fibremyalgia clinic at a tertiary medical center. Forty female patients with the diagnosis of fibremyalgia were enrolled. Each participant was provided a spray bottle containing a transdermal magnesium chloride solution and asked to apply 4 sprays per limb twice daily for 4 weeks. Participants were asked to complete the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, SF-36v2 Health Survey, and a quality-of-life analog scale at baseline, week 2, and week 4. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： Questionnaire and survey scores, evaluated through intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. RESUlTS： Twenty-four patients completed the study （mean [SD] age, 57.2 [7.6] years; white, 95%; mean body mass index, 31.3 kg/m2）. With intention-to-treat analysis, Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire subscale and total scores were significantly improved at week 2 and week 4 （total score, P = 0.001）. Per-protocol analysis results were similar： all subscales of the Revised Fibremyalgia Impact Questionnaire were significantly improved at week 2 and week 4 （total score, P = 0.001）. CONClUSION： This pilot study suggests that transdermal magnesium chloride applied on upper and lower limbs may be beneficial to patients with fibromyalgia.

关键词： fibromyalgia magnesium chloride Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire clinical trial

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