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A field guide for aging passerine nestlings using growth data and predictive modeling

Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 141-149页

作者： Audrey A.Sanchez Andrew W.Bartlow Allison M.Chan Jeanne M.Fair Aaron A.Skinner Kelly Hutchins Maria A.Musgrave emily M.Phillips brent e.thompson Charles D.Hathcock environmental Stewardship Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Biosecurity and Public Health Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Water Program N3BLos AlamosNMUSA

Background:Accurate nestling age is valuable for studies on nesting strategies,productivity,and impacts on repro-ductive *** aging guides consist of descriptions and photographs that are time consuming to read and subjective to *** Western Bluebird(Sialia mexicana)is a secondary cavity-nesting passerine that nests in coniferous and open deciduous *** box programs for cavity-nesting species have provided suitable nesting locations and opportunities for data collection on nestling growth and ***:We developed models for predicting the age of Western Bluebird nestlings from morphometric meas-urements using model training and *** were developed for mass,tarsus,and two different culmen ***:Our models were accurate to within less than a day,and each model worked best for a specific age *** mass and tarsus models can be used to estimate the ages of Western Bluebird nestlings 0-10 days old and were accurate to within 0.5 days for mass and 0.7 days for *** culmen models can be used to estimate ages of nest-lings 0-15 days old and were also accurate to within less than a *** daily mean,minimum,and maximum values of each morphometric measurement are provided and can be used in the field for accurate nestling age estimations in real ***:The model training and validation procedures used here demonstrate that this method can create aging models that are highly *** methods can be applied to any passerine species provided sufficient nest-ling morphometric data are available.

关键词： Cavity-nesting Nest boxes Nestling development Predictive models Western Bluebird

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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： Scott Briggs Bryan W. Karney brent e. Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow in fractures was investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).Simulations were conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters with increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 was examined. The growth of complex flow features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, was directly associated with changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy growth above Re values of 1, followed by less rapid growth at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, was also found to be appropriate for the simulation of water flow in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and lower effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Tranexamic acid for major trauma patients in Ireland

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 11-17页

作者： Kieran Walsh Francis O’Keeff e Louise brent Biswadev Mitra National Trauma Research Institute the Alfred HospitalMelbourne 3004Australia Critical Care Research School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia emergency&Trauma Centre Alfred HealthMelbourne 3004Australia emergency Department Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 R2WYIreland National Offi ce for Clinical Audit Ardilaun HouseDublin D02 VN51Ireland

BACKGROUND:The Clinical Randomisation of an Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2(CRASH-2)is the largest randomized control trial(RCT)examining circulatory resuscitation for trauma patients to date and concluded a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients administered tranexamic acid(TXA)within 3 hours of *** the publication of CRASH-2,significant geographical variance in the use of TXA for trauma patients *** study aims to assess TXA use for major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock in Ireland after the publication of ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Trauma Audit and Research Network(TARN).All injured patients in Ireland between January 2013 and December 2018 who had evidence of hemorrhagic shock on presentation(as defined by systolic blood pressure[SBP]ere eligible for *** at hospital discharge was the primary ***:During the study period,a total of 234 patients met the inclusion *** injured patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,133(56.8%;95%confidence interval[CI]50.2%–63.3%)received *** patients that received TXA,a higher proportion of patients presented with shock index>1(70.68%vs.57.43%)and higher Injury Severity Score(ISS>25;49.62%vs.23.76%).Administration of TXA was not associated with mortality at hospital discharge(odds ratio[OR]0.86,95%CI 0.31–2.38).CONCLUSIONS:Among injured Irish patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,TXA was administered to 56.8%of *** administered with TXA were on average more severely ***,a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated.

关键词： Tranexamic acid Shock Ireland Hemorrhage

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Quantitative Variation in Water-Use efficiency across Water Regimes and Its Relationship with Circadian, Vegetative, Reproductive, and Leaf Gas-exchange Traits

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 653-668页

作者： Christine e. edwards brent e. ewers C. Robertson McClung Ping Lou Cynthia Weinig Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Present address： USACe eRDC Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg MS 39180 USA Program in ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

Drought limits light harvesting, resulting in lower plant growth and reproduction. One trait important for plant drought response is water-use efficiency （WUe）. We investigated （1） how the joint genetic architecture of WUe, reproductive characters, and vegetative traits changed across drought and well-watered conditions, （2） whether traits with distinct developmental bases （e.g. leaf gas exchange versus reproduction） differed in the environmental sensitivity of their genetic architecture, and （3） whether quantitative variation in circadian period was related to drought response in Brassica rapa. Overall, WUe increased in drought, primarily because stomatal conductance, and thus water loss, declined more than carbon fixation. Genotypes with the highest WUe in drought expressed the lowest WUe in well-watered conditions, and had the largest vegetative and floral organs in both treatments. Thus, large changes in WUe enabled some genotypes to approach vegetative and reproductive trait optima across environments. The genetic architecture differed for gas-exchange and vegetative traits across drought and well-watered conditions, but not for floral traits. Correlations between circadian and leaf gas-exchange traits were significant but did not vary across treatments, indicating that circadian period affects physiological function regardless of water availability. These results suggest that WUe is important for drought tolerance in Brassica rapa and that artificial selection for increased WUe in drought will not result in maladaptive expression of other traits that are correlated with WUe.

关键词： Brassica rapa drought ecophysiology floral traits G matrix leaf gas-exchange traits water-use efficiency vegetative traits

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Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2014年第6期6卷 535-545页

作者： Scott Briggs Bryan W.Karney brent e.Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （RW）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and RWmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the RWmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byelsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Solute transport Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) Random walk(RW)

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Assessing ventilation control strategies in underground parking garages

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 701-720页

作者： Afshin Faramarzi Jongki Lee brent Stephens Mohammad Heidarinejad Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoILUSA

enclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles,which contributes to energy use and peak electricity *** study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling,fan affinity laws,and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide(CO)emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking *** simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use,peak power demand,and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model *** four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule(i.e.,Always-On)and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces,including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation(DCV),Standardized Variable Flow(SVF),and a simple On-Off *** estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy,resulting in average(±standard deviation)energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 84.3%±0.4%,72.8%±3.6%,and 97.9%±0.1%compared to SVF,On-Off,and Always-On strategies,*** utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.

关键词： carbon monoxide demand control ventilation energy efficiency indoor air quality underground parking garage

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Biofumigation effects of brassicaceous cover crops on soil health in cucurbit agroecosystems in Hawaii, USA

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 521-531页

作者： Philip WAISeN Zhiqiang CHeNG brent S.SIPeS Koon-Hui WANG Department of Plant and environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHI 96822USA Department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of TechnologyLae 411Papua New Guinea University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Division Cooperative ExtensionIndio CA 92201USA

Brassicaceous cover crops, such as brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and oil radish (Raphanus sativus), are commonly used for biofumigation, a process that utilizes isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates in Brassica plants to suppress soil-borne pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Given the biocidal nature of ITCs, limited information is available on the non-target effects of biofumigation on free-living nematodes, which are reliable soil health indicators. The objectives of this study were to determine if biofumigation methods effective against plant-parasitic nematodes would have non-target effects on free-living nematodes, and to examine the relationships between biofumigation indicators and nematode communities. Three field trials were conducted to examine whether different biofumigation methods would affect free-living nematodes. Tissue maceration of biofumigant crops, soil tillage, and black plastic mulching were adopted singly or in combination to generate different regimes of biofumigation efficacy. Termination of biofumigant crops by tissue maceration and soil tillage followed by black plastic mulching for one week was most effective in suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes and enhancing bacterial decomposition. However, these effects did not last through the subsequent zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) crop cycle. When comparing changes in soil glucose and sulfate concentrations as indicators of biofumigation efficacy, we found that soil sulfate was a better indicator of biofumigation efficacy than soil glucose, owing to the more stable state of sulfate in soil. Canonical correspondence analysis between soil sulfate as a biofumigation indicator and nematode soil health indicators revealed strong positive correlations of sulfate level with the abundances of bacterivorous and carnivorous nematodes, enrichment index, brown mustard biomass, and soil temperature. However, biofumigation did not affect the nematode community stru

关键词： brown mustard free-living nematode glucose oil radish plant-parasitic nematode soil-borne pathogens sulfate

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Low-loss and polarization insensitive 32×4 optical switch for ROADM applications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 875-884页

作者： Xiaotian Zhu Xiang Wang Yanlu Huang Liyan Wu Chunfei Zhao Mingzhu Xiao Luyi Wang Roy Davidson Yanni Ou brent e.Little Sai T.Chu Department of Physics City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueHong KongChina. QXP Technologies Inc. NO.15th Shanglinyuan 1st RoadXi’anShaanxi 710119China. State Key Laboratory of Information of Photonics and Optical Communications School of Electronic EngineeringBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Integrated switches play a crucial role in the development of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers(ROADMs)that have greater flexibility and compactness,ultimately leading to robust single-chip *** decades of research on switches with various structures and platforms,achieving a balance between dense integration,low insertion loss(IL),and polarization-dependent loss(PDL)remains a significant *** this paper,we propose and demonstrate a 32×4 optical switch using high-index doped silica glass(HDSG)for ROADM *** switch is designed to route any of the 32 inputs to the express ports or drop any channels from 32 inputs to the target 4 drop ports or add any of the 4 ports to any of the 32 express *** switch comprises 188 MachZehnder Interferometer(MZI)type switch elements,88 optical vias for the 44 optical bridges,and 618 waveguidewaveguide crossings with three-dimensional(3D)*** 1550 nm,the fiber-to-fiber loss for each express channel is below 2 dB,and across the C and L bands,below 3 *** each input channel to all 4 drop/add channels at 1550 nm,the loss is less than 3.5 dB and less than 5 dB across the C and L *** PDLs for all express and input channels to the 4 drop/add channels are below 0.3 dB over the C band,and the crosstalk is under−50 dB for both the C and L bands.

关键词： polarization ROADM optical

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Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 637-644页

作者： Pu Li Qizhi Li Wenye Tang Weiqiang Wang Wenfu Zhang brent eLittle Sai Tek Chu KAlan Shore Yuwen Qin Yuncai Wang Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers andIntelligent Control System Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China. Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina. School of electronic engineering Bangor UniversityBangorWales LL571UTUK

Random bit generators are critical for information security,cryptography,stochastic modeling,and *** and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit ***,we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator.A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams.A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method,random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb *** bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines *** approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation,and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.

关键词： resonator random chaotic

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Maternal salinity improves yield, size and stress tolerance of Suaeda fruticosa seeds

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第2期12卷 283-293页

作者： Syed Z SHAH Aysha RASHeeD Bilquees GUL Muhammad A KHAN brent LNIeLSeN Abdul HAMeeD Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Govt.Degree Boys College Sector 4ENew SaeedabadBaldia TownKarachi 75760Pakistan Department of Microbiology&Molecular Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

Shrubby seablite or lani(Suaeda fruticosa Forssk)is a perennial euhalophyte with succulent leaves,which could be planted on arid-saline lands for restoration and cultivated as a non-conventional edible or cash *** about the impacts of maternal saline environment on seed attributes of this important euhalophyte is *** study investigated the effects of maternal salinity on yield,size and stress tolerance of *** *** of *** were grown in a green net house under increasing maternal salinity levels(0,300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)until seed *** yield,size,stress tolerance and germination of the descended seeds under different maternal saline conditions were *** grown under saline conditions(300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)produce a substantially higher quantity of seeds than plants grown under non-saline condition(0 mM NaCl).Low maternal salinity(300 mM NaCl)improves seed *** produced under all maternal salinity levels display a higher tolerance to low temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 10℃/20℃),whereas seeds produced under 300 mM NaCl maternal saline condition show a better tolerance to high temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 25℃/35℃)during *** from all maternal saline conditions germinate better in the 12 h photoperiod(12 h light/12 h dark)than in the dark(24 h dark);however,seeds produced from low and moderate maternal saline conditions(300 and 600 mM NaCl)show a higher germination in the dark than those from control and high maternal saline conditions(0 and 900 mM NaCl).In general,maternal salinity is found to improve yield,size and stress tolerance of *** seeds.

关键词： euhalophyte maternal salinity salt tolerance seed germination non-saline condition Suaeda fruticosa

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