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Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Plant MADS-box Transcription Factors

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第4期39卷 157-165页

作者： Chiara A.Airoldi brendan davies Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds

Since the first MADS-box transcription factor genes were implicated in the establishment of floral organ identity in a couple of model plants, the size and scope of this gene family has begun to be appreciated in a much wider range of species. Over the course of millions of years the number of MADS-box genes in plants has increased to the point that the Arabidopsis genome contains more than 100. The understanding gained from studying the evolution, regulation and function of multiple MADS-box genes in an increasing set of species, makes this large plant transcription factor gene family an ideal subject to study the processes that lead to an increase in gene number and the selective birth, death and repurposing of its component members. Here we will use examples taken from the MADS-box gene family to review what is known about the factors that influence the loss and retention of genes duplicated in different ways and examine the varied fates of the retained genes and their associated biological outcomes.

关键词： Flower development MADS-box transcription factor Gene duplication Evolution

Asymmetric reversible structural switching of a diene coordination polymer promoted by UV-visible light

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 536-541页

作者： Yong Wang Qiaoqiao Zhang Yong-Yong Cao Qi Liu brendan F.Abrahams Jian-Ping Lang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and MaterialsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China College of Biological Chemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing UniversityJiaxing314001China School of Chemistry University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia

In natural and artificial systems,reversible reactions are commonly asymmetric with respect to the time scale and nature of the stimuli which drive the forward and backward processes.In applications for which switching behavior is required,it is desirable that the reversible reaction goes as close to symmetric as possible;however,such systems are uncommon.Herein,we report an example of ultraviolet(UV)-visible light-regulated asymmetric reversible structural switching involving a diene-based coordination polymer,CP1 and its monocyclobutane product,CP1a.It is possible to cycle at least ten times through a forward [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction and the reverse,photocleavage reaction.A single cycle can be completed within a few minutes.The transformation is accompanied by fast and distinct fluorescence changes,arising from optimisation of the reaction conditions.Density functional theory calculations allow rationalisation of the asymmetric reversible transformation between CP1 and CP1a rather than between CP1 and its dicyclobutane product CP1b.This work provides a clear illustration of reversible structural switching which approaches symmetric behaviour with respect to reaction rate and stimuli.The insights gained from this work also assist in the design of fast,reversible switching materials.

关键词： asymmetrical reversible structural switching coordination polymer photocycloaddition UV-visible light-controlled fluorescence switching

Stem Cell Regulation by Arabidopsis WOX Genes

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1028-1039页

作者： Alicja Dolzblasz Judith Nardmann Elena Clerici Barry Causier Eric van der Graaff Jinhui Chen brendan davies Wolfgang Werr Thomas Laux BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Faculty of Biology Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Institute of Developmental Biology Biocenter Cologne University zu KoIn Zulpicher Street 47b 50674 K61n Germany Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK present address: Department of Plant Developmental Biology Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw50-328 Wroclaw Poland present address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen 1871 Taastrup Denmark Present address: Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology Ministry of Education Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China

Gene amplification followed by functional diversification is a major force in evolution. A typical example of this is seen in the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX （WOX） gene family, named after the Arabidopsis stem cell regulator WUSCHEL. Here we analyze functional divergence in the WOX gene family. Members of the WUS clade, except the cambium stem cell regulator WOX4, can substitute for WUS function in shoot and floral stem cell maintenance to different degrees. Stem cell function of WUS requires a canonical WUS-box, essential for interaction with TPL/TPR co-repressors, whereas the repressive EAR domain is dispensable and the acidic domain seems only to be required for female fertility. In contrast to the WUS clade, members of the ancient WOX13 and the WOX9 clades cannot support stem cell maintenance. Although the homeodomains are interchangeable between WUS and WOX9 clade members, a WUS- compatible homeodomain together with canonical WUS-box is not sufficient for stem cell maintenance. Our results suggest that WOX function in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis is restricted to the modern WUS clade, suggesting that stem cell control is a derived function. Yet undiscovered functional domains in addition to the homeodomain and the WUS-box are necessary for this function.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana shoot meristem stem cells WOX genes WUSCHEL

Evaluating the Efficacy of Cervical Tactile Ultrasound Technique as a Predictive Tool for Spontaneous Preterm Birth

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 832-846页

作者： Vladimir Egorov Todd Rosen Jennifer Hill Meena Khandelwal Victors Kurtenoks brendan Francy Noune Sarvazyan Advanced Tactile Imaging Inc. Ewing New Jersey USA Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey USA Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden New Jersey USA

Background: Premature cervical softening and shortening may be considered an early mechanical failure that predispose to preterm birth. Purpose: This study aims to explore the applicability of an innovative cervical tactile ultrasound approach for predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Materials and Methods: Eligible participants were women with low-risk singleton pregnancies in their second trimester, enrolled in this prospective observational study. A Cervix Monitor (CM) device was designed with a vaginal probe comprising four tactile sensors and a single ultrasound transducer operating at 5 MHz. The probe enabled the application of controllable pressure to the external cervical surface, facilitating the acquisition of stress-strain data from both anterior and posterior cervical sectors. Gestational age at delivery was recorded and compared against cervical elasticity. Results: CM examination data were analyzed for 127 women at 240/7 - 286/7 gestational weeks. sPTB was observed in 6.3% of the cases. The preterm group exhibited a lower average cervical stress-to-strain ratio (elasticity) of 0.70 ± 0.26 kPa/mm compared to the term group’s 1.63 ± 0.65 kPa/mm with a p-value of 1.1 × 10−4. Diagnostic accuracy for predicting spontaneous preterm birth based solely on cervical elasticity data was found to be 95.0% (95% CI, 88.5 - 100.0). Conclusion: These findings suggest that measuring cervical elasticity with the designed tactile ultrasound probe has the potential to predict spontaneous preterm birth in a cost-effective manner.

关键词： Cervical Elasticity Spontaneous Preterm Birth Tactile Ultrasound Probe

iDEAL-CIO: Instant Digital Express Advocated “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet

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Intelligent Information Management 2024年第1期16卷 35-63页

作者： Sheldon Liang Paul Anthony Miller brendan Shane Rowe Alexis Rainbow Digital Innovation for Music Education Library and STEM Lane College Jackson TN USA

Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amount of intelligent content stored in the cloud. One such innovation introduces a ground-breaking concept to remove superfluous and outdated sequential search patterns that overwhelm the user and computer in order to better serve the user in an eclectic & elastic and multidimensional approach to finding, grouping, assimilation, organizing, and delivering archival content. The cloud intelligence outlet (CIO) is presented in this article as the perfect magic lamp option for quick digital express advocacy. The grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting (GIFT) method of multidimensional online synthetic/analytical intelligent content (MOSAIC) for adaptive intelligence is the fundamental intelligent aggregation and automated process of the Magic Lamp. Three perspectives above this new ideal framework are available to observe: The Magic Lamp proposes contextual and multiple analytical tracks to improve cloud intelligence services conceptually. Technically speaking, MOSAIC combines domain-specific services for a wide range of international users, and through the usage of Cloud Intelligence Outlet, GIFT operationally activates grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting to promote decent experience and in-depth research on target for users’ wants. Because of this, iDEAL-CIO works in tandem with cloud extraction, digital transformation, and archival loading to provide improved service through the readily accessible cloud intelligence outlet.

关键词： iDEAL-CIO MOSAIC Multidimensional Online Synthetic/Analytical Intelligent Content

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk brendan Boyce Daniel Martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov Leonid V.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established treatments.Growing evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment strategy.In this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical models.Histological analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL inhibition.RNA sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these findings.The interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on osteoclasts.The results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within lesions.These findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

Sticking together:Mechanisms of quartz synneusis in high-silica magma

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 40-46页

作者： brendan Dyck Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesThe University of British Columbia4237 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada

The formation of crystal clusters by synneusis(magmatic sintering)affects a wide range of magmatic systems from olivine clusters in komatiite to quartz clusters in high-silica granite.A common feature of synneusis in any mineral phase is the alignment of neighbouring crystals in certain lower-energy orientation relationships.However,the underlying mechanisms involved with both the alignment of crystals in lower-energy orientations and the binding of crystal clusters are not well understood.In the absence of mechanisms that bind crystals together upon contact,the same hydrodynamic forces that may bring crystals together can in theory also serve to disaggregate clusters.Here I use cathodoluminescence imaging and crystal orientation data from quartz clusters in high-silica granite to show that i)rapid crystalline neck growth along attachment surfaces and ii)grain rotation are two mechanisms that reduce the grain boundary energy of crystal clusters while increasing clusters’shear strength.The continued crystallization of sintered phases as the magmatic body cools further cements crystal pairs and resists cluster disaggregation.Together these mechanisms underpin both the formation and preservation of large crystal clusters in dynamic magmatic environments.

关键词： Synneusis Granite Magmatic behaviour EBSD Cathodoluminescence Quartz

Olfaction and reaction: The role of olfactory and hypothalamic investment in the antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues by northern redbelly dace

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 738-746页

作者： brendan J.Joyce Grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Neuroplasticity enables teleosts to promote or downregulate the growth of their brains regionally.To compensate for the effects of predation pressure,teleosts may alter their brain morphology and behavioral responses to mitigate its impact on individual fitness.High-predation environ-ments often promote specific patterns of brain growth and produce bolder and more proactive populations.Owing to the expense of maintaining neural tissue,relative size indicates the regions most relied upon.In northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos,as little as 2 weeks of elevated predation pressure,resulted in increased investment in their olfactory bulbs and optic tecta,while the imposition of captivity produced smaller,less symmetric hypothalami.Taken together,these results suggest that an individual could potentially become better able to detect a threat,and simultaneously less inclined to react to it,making the impact of either change in isolation is difficult to discern.Here,we compared interindividual variation in gross brain morphology,risk-taking tactics in a novel arena(shy-bold personality),and responding to olfactory cues(proactive/reac-tive stress-coping style).We hypothesized that olfactory investment would positively correlate with response intensity to predator cue concen-tration and respond across a wider range of cue concentrations,while hypothalamus size would correlate with shyness and reactivity.Exposure to heightened risk produced more bold/proactive individuals,with larger olfactory bulbs and smaller hypothalami.However,the direction of the correlation between hypothalamus size and behavior varied by treatment,and olfactory investment only corresponded with response intensity amongst proactive individuals.Our findings illustrate the potential pitfalls of relating gross brain morphology to complex behavior and suggest that stress-coping style is a relevant consideration in future studies.

关键词： boldness brainmorphology neuroplasticity predation proactivity stress-coping style

Evaluation of the Quick Wee method of inducing faster clean catch urine collection in pre‑continent infants: a randomized controlled trial

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期18卷 43-49页

作者： Aoife Branagan Niofa Canty Evanne O’Halloran Marian Madden Michael brendan O’Neill Department of Paediatrics Mayo University HospitalCastlebarCo.MayoIreland

Introduction The acquisition of non-contaminated urine samples in pre-continent infants remains a challenge.The Quick Wee method uses bladder stimulation to induce voiding.A previous randomized trial showed a higher rate of voiding within 5 minutes using this method.We evaluated this method in an Irish hospital providing secondary care.Methods A non-blinded,randomized,controlled trial was carried out.Eligible infants were between 1 and 12 months of age,who required urine sampling as part of clinical care.Participants were randomly allocated to receive the intervention(Quick Wee Method—supra-pubic stimulation with cold saline)or the control(usual care—clean catch with no bladder stimulation)for 5 min.Primary outcome was voiding of urine within 5 min.Results A total of 140 infants were included in this study(73 in intervention group;67 in control group).Baseline characteristics were similar.25%in the intervention group passed urine in the 5-min trial period compared with 18%in the control group[P=0.4,absolute diference 7%(95%confdence interval:−7%to+20%)].Conclusion The Quick Wee method is a simple and inexpensive intervention that did not show a statistically signifcant increase in urine samples obtained in pre-continent infants.

关键词： Infant Urinalysis Urinary tract infection Urine specimen collection