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A One-Health Sampling Strategy to Explore the Dissemination and Relationship Between Colistin Resistance in Human,Animal,and Environmental Sectors in Laos

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 45-56页

作者： Yuqing Zhou Refath Farzana Somsavanh Sihalath Sayaphet Rattanavong Manivanh Vongsouvath Mayfong Mayxay Kirsty Sands Paul N.Newton David A.B.Dance brekhna hassan Timothy R.Walsh Department of Zoology University of OxfordOxford OX13SZUK Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research(IOI) University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit Microbiology LaboratoryMahosot HospitalVientiane PO Box 292Lao PDR Centre for Tropical Medicine&Global Health Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37BNUK Institute of Research and Education Development University of Health SciencesVientiane PO Box 7444Lao PDR Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK

This study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of mobile colistin resistance(mcr)using a"One-Health"approach in Laos and to predict whether any dominant plasmid backbone and/or strain type influences the dissemination of *** collected 673 samples from humans(rectal normal flora),poultry,and the environment(water,flies,birds,etc.)in Vientiane,Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Laos),from May to September 2018.A total of 238 Escherichia coli(***)isolated from nonduplicative samples,consisting of 98 MCR-positive ***(MCRPEC)("mcr"denotes the gene encoding mobile colistin resistance,and"MCR"denotes the subsequent protein encoded by mcr)and 140 MCRnegative ***(MCRNEC),were characterized by phenotype and Illumina sequencing.A subset of MCRPEC was selected for Min ION sequencing,conjugation assay,plasmid stability,and growth kinetics in *** prevalence of MCRPEC was found to be 14.6%(98/673),with the highest prevalence in human rectal swabs(45.9%(45/98),p<0.0001,odds ratio(OR):0.125,95% confidence interval(CI):0.077-0.202).The percentages of MCRPEC from other samples were 14.3%(2/14)in dog feces,12.0%(24/200)in flies,11.0%(11/100)in chicken meat,8.9%(8/90)in chicken cloacal,8.0%(4/50)in chicken caeca,and 7.5%(4/53)in *** was significantly more resistant to co-amoxiclav,sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin than MCRNEC(p<0.05).Genomic analysis revealed the distribution of MCRPEC among diverse clonal *** putative plasmid Inc types associated with mcr-1 were Inc X4,Inc HI2,Inc P1,Inc I2,and Inc FIA,and those associated with mcr-3 were Inc FII,Inc FIA,Inc FIB,Inc P1,and Inc *** of highly similar plasmids from both flies and other sampling sectors implied the role of flies in the dissemination of ***-positive plasmids were shown to be conjugative,and a significantly high transfer rate into a hypervirulent clone ST1193 was *** containing mcr irrespective of Inc type w

关键词： Colistin resistance mcr Escherichia coli Laos Horizontal transmission

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TSCS: A blockchain-based tokenized subtitling crowdsourcing system

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 146-162页

作者： Huijian Han Peidong Chen Feng Yang brekhna brekhna Rui Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsJinan250014China Shandong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Finance Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsJinan250014China

The language barrier is the biggest obstacle for users watching foreign-language *** of this,videos cannot be famous across borders,and their viewership is limited to a single language and *** easiest way to solve this problem is to add subtitles in the language of the ***,the current subtitling system lacks incentives,the ability to build a secure transaction environment,and a trusting relationship between video creators and subtitling *** response to the above situation,a tokenized subtitling crowdsourcing system(TSCS)based on blockchain and smart contract technologies is *** source files for the subtitles are stored on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)in the proposed *** on the ERC-721 standard,the returned corresponding address and subtitling-related information are made into a non-fungible token(NFT).At the same time,depending on the expected revenue from video view counts,the video token(VT),based on the ERC-777 standard and endorsed by the video platform,will be used as the payment *** TSCS has two payment strategies:one-time and *** such a settlement mechanism,the subtitling maker’s revenue is also guaranteed by the code invariance and rule certainty of smart contract *** the other hand,introducing an incentive mechanism for viewers to audit subtitles enables community autonomy,thus increasing the applicability of subtitles and the activity of users.

关键词： Blockchain Smart contract Social media Subtitling system Tokenized

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High-resolution images based on directional fusion of gradient

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Computational Visual Media 2016年第1期2卷 31-43页

作者： Liqiong Wu Yepeng Liu brekhna Ning Liu Caiming Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University

This paper proposes a novel method for image magnification by exploiting the property that the intensity of an image varies along the direction of the gradient very quickly. It aims to maintain sharp edges and clear details. The proposed method first calculates the gradient of the low-resolution image by fitting a surface with quadratic polynomial precision. Then,bicubic interpolation is used to obtain initial gradients of the high-resolution(HR) image. The initial gradients are readjusted to find the constrained gradients of the HR image, according to spatial correlations between gradients within a local window. To generate an HR image with high precision, a linear surface weighted by the projection length in the gradient direction is constructed. Each pixel in the HR image is determined by the linear surface. Experimental results demonstrate that our method visually improves the quality of the magnified image. It particularly avoids making jagged edges and bluring during magnification.

关键词： high-resolution(HR) image magnification directional fusion gradient direction

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