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Hum.n allograft rejection in hum.nized m.ce： a historica perspective

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： m.chael A brehm Leonard D Shultz Program.in m.lecular m.dicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation im.unology has relied prim.rily on rodent m.dels. Experim.ntation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the developm.nt of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic im.une responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has m.t with lim.ted success, em.hasizing the need for new m.dels that focus on hum.n im.une responses to allogeneic tissues. Hum.nized m.use m.dels are an exciting alternative that perm.ts investigation of the rejection of hum.n tissues m.diated by hum.n im.une cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of hum.nized m.ce is com.licated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large num.er of im.unodeficient m.use strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific hum.n im.une cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in hum.nized m.ce and discuss the use of these novel m.del system. in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation im.unodeficient m.ce hum.n

m.ltim.dal nonlinear im.ging of atherosclerotic plaques differentiation of triglyceride and cholesterol deposits

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 114-123页

作者： Christian m.tthäus Riccardo Cicchi Tobias m.yer Annika Latterm.nn m.chael Schm.tt Bernd F.m.Rom.ike Christoph Krafft Benjam.n Dietzek Bernhard R.brehm Francesco S.Pavone Jürgen Popp Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology(IPHT-Jena)Albert Einstein Straβe 9 0T145 JerlaGermany Institute of Physical Chem.stry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 407743 JenaGermany National Institute of Optics National Research Council(INO-CNR)Largo E.Fermi 6-50125FlorenceItaly European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy(LENS)University of Florence Via Nello Carrara 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino(Firenze)Italy Clinic for Internal m.dicine Jena University Hospital Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityErlanger Allee 10107747 JenaGermany Institute of Pathology Department of Neuropathology Jena University Hospital-Friedrich-Schiller-University Erlanger Allee 1010140 JenaGermany Catholic Clinic-Koblenz Intermal Medicine&Cardiology Rudolf Virchow Str.956073 KoblenzGermany

Cardiovascular diseases in general and atherothrom.osis as the m.st com.on of its individualdisease entities is the leading cause of death in the developed ***,visualizationand characterization of inner arterial plaque com.osition is of vital diagnostic interest,especilly for the early recognition of vulnerable *** clinical techniques provide valuablem.rphological inform.tion but cannot deliver inform.tion about the chem.cai com.osition ofindividual ***,spectroscopic im.ging techniques have recently drawn consider-able *** on the spectroscopic properties of the individual plaque com.onents,as forinstance diferent types of lipids,the com.osition of atherosclerotic plaques can be analyzedqualitatively as well as ***,we com.are the feasibility of m.ltim.dal nonlinearim.ging com.ining,two-photon fluorescence(TPF),coherent anti-Stokes Ram.n scatering(CARS)and second-ham.nic generation(SHG)m.croscopy to contrast com.osition and m.r-phology of lipid deposits against the surrounding m.trix of connective tissue with diffractionlim.ted spatial *** this contribution,the spatial distribution of m.jor constituents of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques like elastin,collagen,triglycerides and cholesterol can be sim.ltaneously visualized by a com.ination of nonlinear im.ging m.thods,providing a powerful label-free com.lem.nt to standard histopathological m.thods with great potential forin vivo application.

关键词： Nonlinear m.croscopy Ram.n spectroscopy atherosclerosis.

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武汉体育学院学报 2013年第9期47卷 91-96页

作者：段艳平韦晓娜 brehm Walter 武汉体育学院运动心理学教研室湖北武汉430079 香港浸会大学社会科学学院体育学系潮州市职业技术学校广东潮州521000 拜罗伊特大学体育科学学院德国拜罗伊特95440

基于锻炼心理学领域中的"从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型"(Four Steps from.Inactivity to Ac tivity;FIT模型),以1 206名成年人为研究对象,通过横断性研究考查了6个身体活动变化阶段与10个社会心理学相关变量之间的关系。研究结果表明... 详细信息

基于锻炼心理学领域中的"从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型"(Four Steps from.Inactivity to Ac tivity;FIT模型),以1 206名成年人为研究对象,通过横断性研究考查了6个身体活动变化阶段与10个社会心理学相关变量之间的关系。研究结果表明,被试在身体活动阶段上的分布为:前考虑期147(12.2%),考虑期273(22.6%),准备期148(12.3%),探索期144(11.9%),波动期201(16.7%)和保持期293(24.3%)。有关社会心理学相关变量在相邻阶段间的配对比较,37项假设关系中的22项得到了支持,假设符合率为59.5%。进一步回归分析表明,性别、受教育程度、主观障碍、自我效能、情感态度和社会支持共同解释了阶段方差变异的32.6%。该研究初步验证了FIT模型所涉及的重要社会心理学相关因素与身体活动变化阶段之间的相关关系,基本支持了FIT模型的理论建构。

关键词：身体活动变化阶段成年人 FIT模型社会心理变量

身体活动阶段理论的阶段有效性评估:以“从无活动到保持活动的四步骤(FIT)模型”为例

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中国运动医学杂志 2014年第6期33卷 568-575页

作者：段艳平张茹韦晓娜 brehm Walter 香港浸会大学体育学系武汉体育学院运动心理学教研室德国莱比锡大学体育科学学院潮州市职业技术学校拜罗伊特大学体育科学学院

本研究从阶段算法测量有效性和阶段特征两个方面,对"从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型"(FIT模型)的阶段有效性进行全面评估。前者检验FIT模型的阶段算法是否可以将个体正确划分为"活动者"和"不活动者",后者检验社会心理学变量是否随身体... 详细信息

本研究从阶段算法测量有效性和阶段特征两个方面,对"从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型"(FIT模型)的阶段有效性进行全面评估。前者检验FIT模型的阶段算法是否可以将个体正确划分为"活动者"和"不活动者",后者检验社会心理学变量是否随身体活动阶段变化表现出非连续性模式和非线性趋势。本研究采用横断性研究设计,以中德两国2082名成年人为研究被试(年龄:m.38.7,SD=8.67;中国人:1206人,57.9%),采用敏感性、特异性、受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)、曲线下面积值(AUC值)和卡方检验考察阶段算法测量有效性及其在人口统计学变量上的差异性。此外,采用先验对比检验和趋势检验对阶段特征进行考察。研究结果包括:(1)在阶段算法测量有效性方面,敏感性指标为92.8%,特异性指标为81.5%,AUC值为0.93,表明FIT模型的阶段算法在区分活动者和不活动者上,具有较高的判别力。此外,敏感性和特异性在年龄和性别上差异均不显著,但在国籍和受教育程度上有显著差异。(2)在先验对比检验中,社会心理学变量在阶段上的非连续性模式得到证实。它们在相邻阶段间关系的假设有67.4%得到验证。在趋势检验中,所有社会心理学变量均出现显著的二次方及以上趋势,其非线性趋势得到证实。本研究在一定程度上验证了FIT模型的阶段有效性,为今后基于FIT模型身体活动阶段分类,设计阶段匹配性干预,促进成年人参与和坚持身体活动提供了理论依据。

关键词： FIT模型阶段有效性特异性敏感性非连续性模式非线性趋势

泵送钢纤维防辐射混凝土在新乌尔姆医院防辐射墙中的应用

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商品混凝土 2012年第4期 53-54,57页

作者： Werner Rothenbacher Reinhold brehm 俞琳施文克水泥有限公司科技股份两合公司(Schwenk Zem.nt KG) 劳普海姆和比伯拉赫预拌混凝土公司

新乌尔姆医院的辐射医疗设施是由两个直线加速器组成。直线加速室的混凝土防护墙的混凝土密度为3.3×103kg/m.。这种混凝土未采用钢筋和钢筋网,而是采用钢纤维。防辐射墙厚1.9m.高大约5m.对于大体积混凝土除了考虑温度因素外。

关键词：防辐射混凝土钢纤维新拌混凝土乌尔大体积混凝土直线加速器混凝土泵纤维混凝土加速室扩展

泵送钢纤维防辐射混凝土在新乌尔姆医院防辐射墙中的应用

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商品混凝土 2012年第4期 53-54页

作者： Werner Rothenbacher Reinhold brehm 俞琳施文克水泥有限公司科技股份两合公司(Schwenk Zem.nt KG) 劳普海姆和比伯拉赫预拌混凝土公司

新乌尔姆医院的辐射医疗设施是由两个直线加速器组成。直线加速室的混凝土防护墙的混凝土密度为3.3×103kg/m.。这种混凝土未采用钢筋和钢筋网,而是采用钢纤维。防辐射墙厚1.9m.高大约5m.对于大体积混凝土除了考虑温度因素外,还

关键词：钢纤维容重新乌尔姆新拌混凝土防辐射墙混凝土表面波特兰水泥硅酸盐水泥

利用前兆事件对新马德里地震带进行中期地震预测

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世界地震译丛 1999年第3期30卷 1-17页

作者： D.J.brehm L.W.Braile 易桂喜四川省地震局

对某些主震事件来说,地震预测也许是可能的。Varnes(1989),Bufe和Varnes(1990)提出的时间—破坏法利用前兆事件(前震)来确定能量加速释放曲线。通过公式与资料的拟合,可计算出预测破坏时间和震级。到目前为止,该方法已应用于构造活动区... 详细信息

对某些主震事件来说,地震预测也许是可能的。Varnes(1989),Bufe和Varnes(1990)提出的时间—破坏法利用前兆事件(前震)来确定能量加速释放曲线。通过公式与资料的拟合,可计算出预测破坏时间和震级。到目前为止,该方法已应用于构造活动区的仅有几项研究中,而且是针对中强主震事件。新马德里地震带(Nm.Z)的微震台网资料对于研究区来说,其震级≥1.5的地震资料是相当完整的,使用这种资料,用该方法对过去小到m.b=3.5的事件进行了预测。本次估算所用的新马德里地震带台网资料覆盖的时间段为1974年6月29日至1995年7月20日。在此21年间(这一时期台网一直在运行),共发生震级≥3.5的地震36个。应用时间—破坏方法需要前兆事件,而1980年前发生的主震没有足够的资料来充分地确定能量加速释放曲线。因此,我们利用1980年以后发生的震级≥3.5的26个地震,并对其中的16次主震事件进行了模拟。在大多数情况下,由前兆序列得到的预测破坏时间和震级与实际主震的值相当接近。余下的主震,包括1980年以前发生的那些事件,由于(1)没有足够的事件来充分确定前兆序列或(2)存在干扰能量加速释放曲线的干扰事件,而不能进行模拟。此外,使用Nuttli目录(Nuttli,1979)模拟了两次事件,还将两个目录合并模拟另一个事件。用时间—破坏法对19个震级≥3.5的地震进行了演算。用时间—破坏法最初计算出的预测结果具有较大的误差范围,所预测的震级基本无上限。参数之间的一个经验关系帮助限制了所预测震级的范围,同时,在较小的程度上限制了估算的破坏时间。该经验公式可改进时间—破坏方程,并获得具有上限的震级预测值。另一个经验关系说明主震矩的对数随前兆事件搜索直径的对数而线性地增大。该区域的相对地震活动性同样会影响用于寻找前兆事件的最佳搜索直径。除了估算与主震有关的加速序列外,还要对无震加速序列(不会发生主震的加速序列)的产生进行评估。通过随机选择潜在主震位置,进行了无震加速序列的初步分析。结果获得无震加速序列的发生率为2%。将经验关系与时间—破坏法相结合,新马德里地震带的未来中期地震预测的前景是鼓舞人心的。

关键词：地震预报中期预报新德马里地震带前兆事件

Decline in subarachnoid haem.rrhage volum.s associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandem.c

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 542-552,I0026-I0032页

作者： Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen m.ham.ad m.Qureshi Hiroshi Yam.gam. Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossam. Y m.nsour m.ham.d Abdalkader m.chael Frankel Zhongm.ng Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Om.r F Eker Laura m.chtouff m.chel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lim. Francisco m.nt'Alverne Wazim.Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai m.hm.ud m.ham.aden Alham.a R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore m.ngiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalum.au Saim. Ahm.d Um.ir Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John Em.a Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Ham.am. Anna m.Cervantes-Arslanian Horm.zdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Rom.in Bourcier Rom.in Guile m.lanie Walker m.lveeka Sharm. Don Frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-m.fti Atilla Ozcan Ozdem.r Ozlem.Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles m.touk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan m.chael Chen m.nika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor m.ndes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram.Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro SC m.galhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez m.dassir Farooqui Am.l Abou-Ham.en Tatsuo Am.no Ryoo Yam.m.to Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem.Sivan-Hoffm.nn Roberto Crosa m.rkus m.hlenbruch Sim.n Nagel Hosam.Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera Jam.s E Siegler Achm.d Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianm.rco Bernava Paolo m.chi Daniel G Abud Octavio m.Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P m.hta Naoto Kim.ra m.m.ru m.rakam. Jin Soo Lee Ji m.n Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve m.Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas m.rio m.rtinez-Galdam.z Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa Fonseca m.Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Sim.n John Alex brehm m.rios Psychogios William.J m.ck m.tthew Tenser Tatem. Todaka m.ki Fujim.ra Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokim.ra Rakesh Khatri m.chael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi m.rayam. Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong m.ham.d Teleb Jerem. Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke m.yake Junsuke Shim.o Yusuke Sug Neurology RadiologyBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Marcus Stroke&Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Radiology Radiation OncologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurosurgery National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurology Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Radiology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalChongqingChina Neurosurgery University of Cape TownRondeboschWestern CapeSouth Africa Neurosurgery Interventional NeuroradiologyClinica La Sagrada FamiliaBuenos AiresArgentina Neuroradiologie Neurologie VasculaireHospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Neurologie Vasculaire Hospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParisÎle-de FranceFrance Neurology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Interventional Neuroradiology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Neuroradiology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Kobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan Interventional Neurovascular Unit University Hospital CareggiFirenzeToscanaItaly Neuroradiology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Interventional Neuroradiology Hopital BicetreLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Stroke and Interventional Neuroradiology Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Departm.nt of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland Neurology Stroke UnitHospital-Estadual CentralVitoriaBrazil Neuroradiology Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr AsengoSantiagoChile Interventional Neuroradiology Institut National de NeurologieTunisTunisia Neurology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurosurgery Boston Medical Center

Background During the COVID-19 pandem.c,decreased volum.s of stroke adm.ssions and m.chanical throm.ectom. were *** study’s objective was to exam.ne whether subarachnoid haem.rrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm.coiling interventions dem.nstrated sim.lar *** We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 com.rehensive stroke *** with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysm.l SAH,ruptured aneurysm.coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm.databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,*** 3-m.nth cum.lative volum.,m.nthly volum.s for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm.coiling procedures were com.ared for the period before(1 year and im.ediately before)and during the pandem.c,defined as 1 m.rch-31 m.y *** prior 1-year control period(1 m.rch-31 m.y 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal *** There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 adm.ssions in the 3 m.nths im.ediately before and 1585 adm.ssions during the pandem.c,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,pm.olisation of ruptured aneurysm. declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative *** analysis was noted for aneurysm.l SAH hospitalisation decline from.834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,pm.coiling was noted in low coiling volum. hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH adm.ssions in this *** There was a relative decrease in the volum. of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysm.l SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm.em.olisations during the COVID-19 *** findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other em.rgencies,such as stroke and m.ocardial infarction.

关键词： diagnosis representing subarachnoid

Type 1 diabetes:A predictable disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第3期6卷 380-390页

作者： Kim.er m.Sim.ons Aaron W m.chels Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes University of Colorado Denver

Type 1 diabetes(T1D) is an autoim.une disease characterized by loss of insulin producing beta cells and reliance on exogenous insulin for survival.T1 D is one of the m.st com.on chronic diseases in childhood and the incidence is increasing,especially in children less than 5 years of *** individuals with a genetic predisposition,an unidentified trigger initiates an abnorm.l im.une response and the developm.nt of islet autoantibodiesdirected against proteins in insulin producing beta *** are currently four biochem.cal islet autoantibodies m.asured in the serum.directed against insulin,glutam.c decarboxylase,islet antigen 2,and zinc transporter *** of islet autoantibodies occurs before clinical diagnosis of T1 D,m.king T1 D a predictable disease in an individual with 2 or m.re *** for islet autoantibodies is still predom.nantly done through research studies,but efforts are underway to screen the general *** benefits of screening for islet autoantibodies include decreasing the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis that can be life threatening,initiating insulin therapy sooner in the disease process,and evaluating safe and specific therapies in large random.zed clinical intervention trials to delay or prevent progression to diabetes onset.

关键词： Autoim.unity Autoantibodies Diabetesprevention Screening Type 1 diabetes