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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.iVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： j.Penas A.Bembibre D.Cortina-Gil L.martin A.Reija C.Ruiz m.Seimetz A.Alejo j.Benlliure instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser de Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y matematicas y Dpto.de Didactica de la matematica y de las Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain instituto de instrumentación para imagen molecular(i3m) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma acceleration multi-shot operation proton source target assembly

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Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： marcos j.B.Santos maria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZmCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZmCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,mn,and Cu of ZmCAA or ZmCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(Pmineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZmCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZmCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Pition of Zn(Pmn(Pin the egg yolk was greater for hens received *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(Pin the tibia were higher with ZmCAA *** the small intestine,ZmCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(Ping hens fed ZmCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZmCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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CO oxidation under lean and stoichiometric conditions over ceriazirconia with very low metal contents(Cu,Co,Ag and Pt)

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1669-1681页

作者： j.C.martínez-munuera m.P.Yeste A.García-García mCmA Group Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute of MaterialsUniversity of Alicante Solid Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Materials ScienceMetallurgic Engineering and Inorganic ChemistryInstitute of Electronic Microscopy and Materials ResearchUniversity of Cádiz

in this work,several ceria-zirconia based catalysts with very lo w（and equimolar） metal contents were prepared,characterised and tested for the CO oxidatio n reaction（under lean and stoichiometric conditions）,trying to emulate those conditions found in a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） system from a diesel engine and those encountered under gasoline exhaust（λ=1）.The metals chosen are Cu,Co,Ag and Pt（as a reliable benchmark）.The results reveal enormous differences among reducibility and catalytic activity despite quite similar structural and textural properties of the catalysts,showing differences among dispersion（Ag-catalyst seems to present a low level of dispersion）.This catalyst seems to be characterised,as well,by a strong electronic interaction between Ce and Ag centres which is suggested to yield an improved reducibility under H2-TPR ***,the order in catalytic activity（Cu>Ag>Co≈Pt>>support） seems not to follow the order found in reducibility and the Cu-catalyst seems to be the most active independently on the reaction conditions,yielding nearly overlapped CO oxidation catalytic *** restingly,a stro ng correlation between the catalytic activity under the two conditions tested and the OSC values of the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2-supported metal catalysts is ***,OSC parameter measured at 150℃ can be used as a relevant descriptor to evaluate the CO oxidation activity at low and medium conversions for the investigated catalysts,much better than the H2-TPR measurements.

关键词： CO oxidation Low metal content Ceria-zirconia Copper species OSC parameter Rare earths

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modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson R.mishra j.m.Rebelo j.Santos P.Antunes j.Pombo H.magalhaes L.Wills m.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK iDmEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal iSEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

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Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons j.m.jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： immune system intestinal functionality microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

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One-neutron stripping process in the^(209)Bi(^(6)Li,^(5)Li)^(210)Bi*reaction reaction

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 120-129页

作者： Gao-Long Zhang Zhen-Wei jiao Guang-Xin Zhang E.N.Cardozo B.Paes Shi-Peng Hu jian-Qiang Qian Daniele mengoni Wei-Wei Qu Cong-Bo Li Yun Zheng Huan-Qiao Zhang Hui-Bin Sun Nan Wang Chun-Lei Zhang j.j.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov m.mazzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou m.La Commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Recchia A.illana S.Bakes i.Zanon S.Aydin Gde Angelis m.Siciliano R.menegazzo S.m.Lenzi S.Akkoyun L.F.Canto j.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340 NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratorio TANDAR Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBKNA1650 San MartíınArgentina institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy and Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and manufacture of High Purity Germanium materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China iNFN Sezione di PadovaPaduaItaly Dipartimento di fisica Astronomia dell’Universita di padova PaduaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and material modification of ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro INFN35020 LegnaroItaly iNFN Sezione di Napoli80126 NaplesItaly Dipartimento di Farmacia Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II”80131 NaplesItaly Department of Natural and mathematical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkey Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Department of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro CP 6852821941-972Brazil

One-neutron stripping process between^(6)Li and^(209)Bi was studied at 28,30,and 34 meV using the in-beamγ-ray spectroscopy ***γ-γcoincident analysis clearly identified twoγ-rays feeding the ground and long-lived isomeric states,which were employed to determine the cross *** one-neutron stripping cross sections were similar to the cross sections of complete fusion in the^(6)Li+^(209)Bi system,but the one-neutron stripping cross sections decreased more gradually at the sub-barrier region.A coupled-reaction-channel calculation was performed to study the detailed reaction mechanism of the one-neutron stripping process in^(6)*** calculations indicated that the first excited state of 5 Li is critical in the actual one-neutron transfer mechanism,and the valence proton of 209Bi can be excited to the low-lying excited state in(^(6)Li,^(5)Li)reaction,unlike in the(d,p)reaction.

关键词： Transfer reaction Weakly bound nuclei Cross section

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黏声波方程波场模拟的通用格式自适应系数频域有限差分方法

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地球物理学报 2024年第2期67卷 654-669页

作者：徐文豪巴晶 j.m.Carcione 朱鹤松河海大学地球科学与工程学院南京211100 National institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics-OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/cTriesteSgonico 34010Italy

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency domain,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格... 详细信息

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency domain,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格点数小于4时误差较大.通过令FDFD系数随一个波长内的网格点数自适应从而提高FDFD方法的精度,本文针对黏声波波场模拟发展了一种适用于不同空间采样间隔之比的通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法.同时,为了验证自适应系数FDFD方法对一般黏声波模型的有效性,本文针对三个典型的黏声波模型,分别采用解析解和基于高阶FDFD的参考解验证了所提出方法的有效性.本方法的FDFD格式通过在传统的二阶FDFD格式的基础上引入相关校正项得到,其中校正项按网格点与中心点的距离进行分类选取,同时校正项对应的自适应FDFD系数不仅和空间采样间隔之比相关,还和一个波长内的采样点数相关.所需的自适应FDFD系数可通过声波方程的数值频散关系和查找表高效给出.数值频散分析表明,在空间采样间隔相等或不等的情况下,以相速度误差不超过1%为标准,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法所需的一个波长内的采样点数均小于2.5.数值模拟实验表明,对于不同的空间采样间隔之比,相对于常用的二阶五点FDFD方法和优化九点FDFD方法,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法均可在相似的计算量和内存需求下,有效提高黏声波模拟的精度.

关键词：黏声波频域有限差分自适应系数波场模拟通用格式

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Brain-penetrating neurotrophic factor mimetics: HER-096 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1094-1095页

作者： Natalia Kulesskaya Kira m.Holmström Henri j.Huttunen Herantis Pharma Plc EspooFinland

Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A major unmet need in the field of central nervous system diseases is disease-modifying *** for decades there have been various symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of the disease,disease-modification,*** that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.

关键词： diseases treatment therapeutic

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Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： marwan Laqdiem julio García-Fayos Laura Almar Alfonso j.Carrillo Álvaro Represa josém.López Nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-martinez jose m.Serra instituto de Tecnología Química(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTms)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTms could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTms can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTm material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the emerging joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be ***,the OTm is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 NmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTm non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric ***,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CmR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen permeation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport membranes joule effect mixed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic membrane reactors

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