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Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy ot prey in suburban forest fragments？

Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 1-6页

作者： brandon M. JONES Michael V. COVE Marcus A. LASHleY Victoria L. JACKSON Department of Biology and Agriculture University of Central Missouri Warrensburg M0 64093 USA Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA

With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes Canis latrans have become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. Since coyotes are common in the Midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to as- sess their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbivores in a fragmented suburban ecosystem. Forest cover was a strong positive predictor of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a negative effect. Coyotes exerted a negative effect on squirrel （Sciurus spp.） and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus occurrence, while urban cover was a positive predictor for the prey species＇ occurrence. These results suggest all 3 species behaviorally avoid coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cover and squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although previous studies reveal limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carnivore guild in suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbivorous mammals and hence may provide similar eco- logical, benefits in urban/suburban forest fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serve as the pri- mary regulator of nuisance species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.

关键词： camera traps coyote deer rabbit squirrel urban wildlife.

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Recent advances and influencing parameters in developing electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

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矿物冶金与材料学报:英文版 2023年第10期30卷 1933-1956页

作者： Wan Nor Anasuhah Wan Yusoff Nurul Akidah Baharuddin Mahendra Rao Somalu Andanastuti Muchtar Nigel P.brandon Huiqing Fan Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Group Fuel Cell InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering 2.06 Faculty BuildingImperial College LondonSW72 AZUK State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

This article delivers a robust overview of potential electrode materials for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells(S-SOFCs),a relatively new SOFC *** this end,this article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and progress in electrode materials for S-SOFC,discussing both the selection of materials and the challenges that come with making that *** article discussed the relevant factors involved in developing electrodes with nano/***,e.g.,non-cobalt and lithiated materials,are only a few of the electrode types now being ***,the phase structure and microstructure of the produced materials are heavily influenced by the synthesis *** into the possibilities and difficulties of the material are *** achieve the desired microstructural features,this article focuses on a synthesis technique that is either the most recent or a better iteration of an existing *** portion of this analysis that addresses the risks associated with manufacturing and the challenges posed by materials when fabricating S-SOFCs is the most *** article also provides important and useful recommendations for the strategic design of electrode materials researchers.

关键词： nano composites electrode microstructure tailoring oxidation symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell

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Oxide-on-graphene field effect bio-ready sensors

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Nano Research 2014年第9期7卷 1263-1270页

作者： Bei Wang Kristi L. Liddell Junjie Wang brandon Koger Christine D. Keating Jun Zhu Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Electrical detection schemes using nanoscale devices offer fast and label-free alternatives to biosensing techniques based on chemical and optical interactions. Here we report on the design, fabrication, and operation of oxide-on-graphene ion-sensitive field effect sensor arrays using large-area graphene sheets synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. In this scheme, HfO2 and SiO2 thin films are deposited atop the graphene sheet and play the dual role of the sensing interface, as well as the passivation layer protecting the channel and electrodes underneath from direct contact with the electrolyte. We further demonstrate the functionalization of the SiO2 surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane （APTMS）. The oxide-on-graphene sensors operate in solution with high stability and a high average mobility of 5,000 cm2/（V＇s）. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate pH sensing using the bare or the APTMS-functionalized SiO2 as the sensing surface. The measured sensitivities, 46 mV/pH and 43 mV/pH, respectively, agree well with existing studies. We further show that by applying the solution gate voltage in pulse, the hysteresis in the transfer curve of the graphene transducer can be eliminated, greatly improving the ionic potential resolution of the sensor. These experiments demonstrate the potential of oxide-on-graphene ion-sensitive field effect sensors in on-chip, label-free and real-time biosensing applications.

关键词： graphene biosensor pH sensor ISFET APTMS label-free

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Evolutionary Lineages and Functional Diversification of Plant Hexokinases

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 334-346页

作者： Rucha Karve Michael Lauria Annie Virnig Xiaoxia Xia Bradley L. Rauh brandon d. Moore Department of Genetics and Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase （HXK） family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can include metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This study has two goals. The first aim is to develop a predictive method to determine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second aim is to determine whether HXK-dependent glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny ap- proach, combined with selective experimental testing, we found that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, including the relatively primitive Selaginella moellendorffi. We also found that different lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved features for catalytic activity and for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed predominantly at mitochondria, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid, and HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found that HXK glucose signaling pro- teins occur likely in all higher plants and in S. moellendorffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and/or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as widespread, conserved processes.

关键词： Hexokinase molecular phylogeny moonlighting proteins plant glucose signaling Selaginella.

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CNN-BiLSTM-Attention Model in Forecasting Wave Height over South-East China Seas

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 2151-2168页

作者： Lina Wang Xilin Deng Peng Ge Changming Dong brandon J.Bethel leqing Yang Jinyue Xia School of Artificial Intelligence(School of Future Technology) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519080China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China International Business Machines Corporation(IBM) New York10504USA

Though numerical wave models have been applied widely to significant wave height prediction,they consume massive computing memory and their accuracy needs to be further *** this paper,a two-dimensional(2D)significant wave height(SWH)prediction model is established for the South and East China *** proposed model is trained by Wave Watch III(WW3)reanalysis data based on a convolutional neural network,the bidirectional long short-term memory and the attention mechanism(CNNBiLSTM-Attention).It adopts the convolutional neural network to extract spatial features of original wave height to reduce the redundant information input into the BiLSTM ***,the BiLSTM model is applied to fully extract the features of the associated information of time series ***,the attention mechanism is used to assign probability weight to the output information of the BiLSTM layer units,and finally,a training model is *** to 24-h prediction experiments are conducted under normal and extreme conditions,*** the normal wave condition,for 3-,6-,12-and 24-h forecasting,the mean values of the correlation coefficients on the test set are 0.996,0.991,0.980,and 0.945,*** corresponding mean values of the root mean square errors are measured at 0.063 m,0.105 m,0.172 m,and 0.281 m,*** the typhoon-forced extreme condition,the model based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention is trained by typhooninduced SWH extracted from the WW3 reanalysis *** 3-,6-,12-and 24-h forecasting,the mean values of correlation coefficients on the test set are respectively 0.993,0.983,0.958,and 0.921,and the averaged root mean square errors are 0.159 m,0.257 m,0.437 m,and 0.555 m,*** model performs better than that trained by all the WW3 reanalysis *** result suggests that the proposed algorithm can be applied to the 2D wave forecast with higher accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Conv2D CNN-BiLSTM-Attention wave forecasting significant wave height typhoon

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Immunity Genes and Susceptibility to Otitis Media:A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第11期41卷 567-581页

作者： Rahul Mittal Giannina Robalino Robert Gerring brandon Chan Denise Yan M'hamed Grati Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Otitis media （OM） is a middle ear infection associated with inflammation and pain. This disease frequently afflicts humans and is the major cause of hearing loss worldwide. OM continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in the medical field due to its diverse host targets and wide range of clinical manifestations. Substantial morbidity associated with OM is further exacerbated by high frequency of recurrent infections leading to chronic suppurative otitis media （CSOM）. Children have greater susceptibility to, and thus, suffer most frequently from OM, which can cause significant deterioration in quality of life. Genetic factors have been demonstrated, in large part by twin and family studies, to be key determinants of OM susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on immunity genes and selected variants that have been associated with predisposition to OM. In particular, polymorphisms in innate immunity and cytokine genes have been strongly linked with the risk of developing OM. Future studies employing state-of-the-art technologies, including next-generation sequencing （NGS）, will aid in the identification of novel genes associated with susceptibility to OM. This, in turn, will open up avenues for identifying high-risk individuals and designing novel therapeutic strategies based on precise targeting of these genes.

关键词： Otitis media Genetics Innate immunity Cytokines

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Multifunctional to multistage delivery systems: The evolution of nanoparticles for biomedical applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第31期57卷 3961-3971页

作者： MARTINEZ Jonathan O BROWN brandon S QUATTROCCHI Nicoletta EVANGELOPOULOS Michael FERRARI Mauro TASCIOTTI Ennio Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas at Houston

Nanomaterials are advancing in several directions with significant progress being achieved with respect to their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical application. In this review, we will describe several classes of prototypical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, silicon particles, and gold nanoshells, in terms of their individual function as well as their synergistic use. Active and passive targeting, photothermal ablation, and drug controlled release constitute some of the crucial functions identified to achieve a medical purpose. Current limitations in targeting, slow clearance, and systemic as well as local toxicity are addressed in reference to the recent studies that attempted to comprehend and solve these issues. The demand for a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on the body and of their potential immune response underlies this discussion. Combined components are then discussed in the setting of multifunctional nanocarriers, a class of drug delivery systems we envisioned, proposed, and evolved in the last 5 years. In particular, our third generation of nanocarriers, the multistage vectors, usher in the new field of nanomedicine by combining several components onto multifunctional nanocarriers characterized by emerging properties and able to achieve synergistic effects.

关键词：生物医学应用纳米粒子多功能传递系统演变多级药物控制释放纳米载体

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Possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic nanoparticle use in the control of infectious biofilms

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第10期69卷 69-78页

作者： Kecheng Quan Zexin Zhang Yijin Ren Henk J.Busscher Henny C.van der Mei brandon W.Peterson College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen Department of Biomedical Engineering9713 AVGroningenthe Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen Department of OrthodonticsHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenthe Netherlands

Targeting of chemotherapeutics towards a tumor site by magnetic nanocarriers is considered promising in *** nanoparticles are also considered for use in infection-control as a new means to prevent antimicrobial resistance from becoming the number one cause of death by the year *** this end,magnetic nanoparticles can either be loaded with an antimicrobial for use as a delivery vehicle or modified to acquire intrinsic antimicrobial *** nanoparticles can also be used for the local generation of heat to kill infectious *** appealing for tumor-and infectioncontrol,injection in the blood circulation may yield reticuloendothelial uptake and physical obstruction in organs that yield reduced targeting *** can be prevented with suitable surface ***,precise techniques to direct magnetic nanoparticles towards a target site are *** problem of precise targeting is aggravated in infection-control due to the micrometer-size of infectious biofilms,as opposed to targeting of nanoparticles towards centimeter-sized *** review aims to identify possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for *** first review targeting techniques and the spatial resolution they can achieve as well as surface-chemical modifications of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance their targeting efficiency and antimicrobial *** is concluded that targeting problems encountered in tumor-control using magnetic nanoparticles,are neglected in most studies on their potential application in *** biofilm targeting by smart,self-adaptive and pH-responsive,antimicrobial nanocarriers for instance,seems easier to achieve than magnetic *** leads to the conclusion that magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for the control of micrometer-sized infectious biofilms may be less promising than initially ***,using propulsion rather than pr

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles Magnetic targeting Biofilm Infection Antimicrobials

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Closed-loop superconducting materials discovery

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 471-478页

作者： Elizabeth A.Pogue Alexander New Kyle McElroy Nam Q.le Michael J.Pekala Ian McCue Eddie Gienger Janna Domenico Elizabeth Hedrick Tyrel M.McQueen brandon Wilfong Christine D.Piatko Christopher R.Ratto Andrew lennon Christine Chung Timothy Montalbano Gregory Bassen Christopher D.Stiles Research and Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory11100 Johns Hopkins RoadLaurel 20723 MDUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University2220 Campus DriveEvanston 60208 ILUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA Institute for Quantum Matter William H.Miller III Department of Physics and AstronomyJohns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimore 21218 MDUSA

Discovery of novel materials is slow but necessary for societal ***,we demonstrate a closed-loop machine learning(ML)approach to rapidly explore a large materials search space,accelerating the intentional discovery of superconducting *** experimentally validating the results of the ML-generated superconductivity predictions and feeding those data back into the ML model to refine,we demonstrate that success rates for superconductor discovery can be more than *** four closed-loop cycles,we report discovery of a superconductor in the Zr-In-Ni system,re-discovery of five superconductors unknown in the training datasets,and identification of two additional phase diagrams of interest for new superconducting *** work demonstrates the critical role experimental feedback provides in ML-driven discovery,and provides a blueprint for how to accelerate materials progress.

关键词： discovery materials loop

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Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8263-8276页

作者： brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed Department of Medicine College of MedicineDrexel University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health Science CenterUniversity of Tennessee Department of Medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Prevalence Incidence Fibrosis Risk factor Epidemiology Outcomes Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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