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Phylogenetic endemism of the orchids of Megamexico reveals complementary areas for conservation

Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 351-359页

作者： brandon e.gutierrez-rodríguez Marilyn Vasquez-Cruz Victoria Sosa Instituto de ecología AC Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico Unidad de Genomica Avanzada Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para La BiodiversidadCentro de Investigaciony Estudios Avanzados IrapuatoLibramiento Norte Carretera Leon Km.9.636821 IrapuatoGuanajuatoMexico

Orchid diversity provides a unique opportunity to further our understanding of biotic and abiotic factors linked to patterns of richness,endemism,and phylogenetic endemism in many regions.However,orchid diversity is consistently threatened by illegal trade and habitat transformation.Here,we identified areas critical for orchid conservation in the biogeographic province of Megamexico.For this purpose,we evaluated orchid endemism,phylogenetic diversity,and phylogenetic endemism within Megamexico and characterized orchid life forms.Our results indicate that the majority of the regions with the highest estimates of endemism and phylogenetic endemism are in southern Mexico and northern Central America,mostly located on the Pacific side of Megamexico.Among the most important orchid lineages,several belong to epiphytic lineages such as Pleurothallidinae,Laeliinae and Oncidiinae.We also found that species from diverse and distantly related lineages converge in montane forests where suitable substrates for epiphytes abound.Furthermore,the southernmost areas of phylogenetic diversity and endemism of Megamexico are in unprotected areas.Thus,we conclude that the most critical areas for orchid conservation in Megamexico are located in southern Mexico and northern Central America.We recommend that these areas should be given priority by the Mexican system of natural protected areas as complementary conservation areas.

关键词： epiphytes Geophytes Orchids Phylogenetic endemism Weighted endemism

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effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： brandon Le Naomi e.Clarke Nicolas Legrand Susana Vaz Nery The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesLevel 6Wallace Wurth BuildingSydneyNSW2052Australia

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant limitations.emerging evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these parasites.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic populations.Methods We searched Pubmed,eMBASe,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after PC.We calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects meta-analyses.Our protocol is available on PROSPeRO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis.All studies delivered ivermectin through MDA.The pooled prevalence reduction of S.stercoralis following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without albendazole.The prevalence reduction of T.trichiura was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of albendazole.There was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against S.stercoralis and T.trichiura.Based on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include ivermectin is a promising option to progress the

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths vermectin Albendazole Mass drug administration Preventive chemotherapy

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Neurosurgical and pharmacological management of dystonia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 624-634页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Steven Faragalla Asad Khan Garrett Flynn Gersham Rainone Phillip Mitchell Johansen brandon Lucke-Wold Charles e Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Dystonia characterizes a group of neurological movement disorders characterized by abnormal muscle movements,often with repetitive or sustained contraction resulting in abnormal posturing.Different types of dystonia present based on the affected body regions and play a prominent role in determining the potential efficacy of a given intervention.For most patients afflicted with these disorders,an exact cause is rarely identified,so treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic alleviation.Pharmacological agents,such as oral anticholinergic administration and botulinum toxin injection,play a major role in the initial treatment of patients.In more severe and/or refractory cases,focal areas for neurosurgical intervention are identified and targeted to improve quality of life.Deep brain stimulation(DBS)targets these anatomical locations to minimize dystonia symptoms.Surgical ablation procedures and peripheral denervation surgeries also offer potential treatment to patients who do not respond to DBS.These management options grant providers and patients the ability to weigh the benefits and risks for each individual patient profile.This review article explores these pharmacological and neurosurgical management modalities for dystonia,providing a comprehensive assessment of each of their benefits and shortcomings.

关键词： Botulinum toxin Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound Surgical ablation Deep brain stimulation Peripheral denervation surgery Antipsychotics

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Updates on management of gliomas in the molecular age

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第2期15卷 178-194页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Rakan Alshaibi Steven Faragalla Youssef Mohamed brandon Lucke-Wold Charles e.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199United States College of Osteopathic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMO 64804United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Gliomas are primary brain tumors derived from glial cells of the central nervous system,afflicting both adults and children with distinct characteristics and therapeutic challenges.Recent developments have ushered in novel clinical and molecular prognostic factors,reshaping treatment paradigms based on classi-fication and grading,determined by histological attributes and cellular lineage.This review article delves into the diverse treatment modalities tailored to the specific grades and molecular classifications of gliomas that are currently being discussed and used clinically in the year 2023.For adults,the therapeutic triad typically consists of surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy.In contrast,pediatric gliomas,due to their diversity,require a more tailored approach.Although complete tumor excision can be curative based on the location and grade of the glioma,certain non-resectable cases demand a chemotherapy approach usually involving,vincristine and carboplatin.Addi-tionally,if surgery or chemotherapy strategies are unsuccessful,Vinblastine can be used.Despite recent advancements in treatment methodologies,there remains a need of exploration in the literature,particularly concerning the efficacy of treatment regimens for isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant astrocytomas and fine-tuned therapeutic approaches tailored for pediatric cohorts.This review article explores into the therapeutic modalities employed for both adult and pediatric gliomas in the context of their molecular classification.

关键词： Gliomas Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant Pediatric gliomas Astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma 1p/19q-codeleted

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry e.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long COVID.Perspectives on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory function.Few studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute recovery.Data anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of smell.This study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical OD.Methods:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time points.Participants had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not available.Results:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up assessment.Among participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year follow-up.Participants had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time points.The total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at 1-year.Improvements in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement of total TDI score at follow-up.

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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A reproducible and sensitive method for generating high-quality transcriptomes from single whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1318-1328页

作者： Marco Gebiola brandon H.Le Kerry eMauck Department of entomology University of California RiversideRiversideCalifornia Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCalifornia Institute of Integrative Genome Biology University of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA

Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests,including vectors of damaging plant pathogens.Thus far,bulk RNA-Seq has been the main approach for non-model insects.This method relies on pooling large numbers of whole organisms or hundreds of individually dissected organs.The latter approach is logistically challenging,may introduce artifacts of handling and storage,and is not compatible with biological replication.Here,we tested an approach to generate transcriptomes of individual salivary glands and other low-input body tissues from whiteflies(Bemisia tabaci MeAM1),which are major vectors of plant viruses.By comparing our outputs to published bulk RNA-Seq datasets for whole whitefly bodies and pools of salivary glands,we demonstrate that this approach recovers similar numbers of transcripts relative to bulk RNA-Seq in a tissue-specific manner,and for some metrics,exceeds performance of bulk tissue RNA-Seq.Libraries generated from individual salivary glands also yielded additional novel transcripts not identified in pooled salivary gland datasets,and had hundreds of enriched transcripts when compared with whole head tissues.Overall,our study demonstrates that it is feasible to produce high quality,replicated transcriptomes of whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues.We anticipate that our approach will expand hypothesis-driven research on salivary glands of whiteflies and other Hemiptera,thus enabling novel control strategies to disrupt feeding and virus transmission.

关键词： Aleyrodidae Bemisia tabaci bulk RNA-Seq insect vectors low-input RNA-Seq plant pathogens

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Neurologic orphan diseases:emerging innovations and role for genetic treatments

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World Journal of experimental Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 59-74页

作者： Ivelina P Kioutchoukova Devon T Foster Rajvi N Thakkar Marco A Foreman brandon J Burgess Rebecca M Toms eduardo e Molina Valero brandon Lucke-Wold College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineMiamiFL 33199United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Orphan diseases are rare diseases that affect less than 200000 individuals within the United States.Most orphan diseases are of neurologic and genetic origin.With the current advances in technology,more funding has been devoted to developing therapeutic agents for patients with these conditions.In our review,we highlight emerging options for patients with neurologic orphan diseases,specifically including diseases resulting in muscular deterioration,epilepsy,seizures,neurodegenerative movement disorders,inhibited cognitive development,neuron deterioration,and tumors.After extensive literature review,gene therapy offers a promising route for the treatment of neurologic orphan diseases.The use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 has demonstrated positive results in experiments investigating its role in several diseases.Additionally,the use of adeno-associated viral vectors has shown improvement in survival,motor function,and developmental milestones,while also demonstrating reversal of sensory ataxia and cardiomyopathy in Friedreich ataxia patients.Antisense oligonucleotides have also been used in some neurologic orphan diseases with positive outcomes.Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are currently being investigated and have reduced abnormal cell growth,proliferation,and angiogenesis.emerging innovations and the role of genetic treatments open a new window of opportunity for the treatment of neurologic orphan diseases.

关键词： Neurologic orphan diseases Gene therapy Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 Antisense oligonucleotides Adeno-associated virus mTOR inhibitors

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Commentary: Discussing the antidepressant potential of silymarin

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2023年第3期12卷 18-24页

作者： Claire e Manhard brandon Lucke-Wold Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608United States

The therapeutic potential of diet,dietary supplements,herbal remedies,and nutraceuticals for treatment of depression and anxiety is being increasingly explored.In this commentary,we discuss the recent findings on the antidepressant potential of silymarin(SILY)in mice and present an alternative approach.We highlight the extensive research on another phytochemical,curcumin,for the treatment of depression and anxiety.Finally,we suggest a future application,which investigates the potential synergistic effects of combined treatment with SILY and curcumin for depression.

关键词： Silymarin Depression Anxiety Phytochemicals Nutraceuticals Curcumin

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Gasdermin D in pyroptosis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第9期11卷 2768-2782页

作者： brandon e.Burdette Ashley N.esparza Hua Zhu Shanzhi Wang Biology Department University of Arkansas at Little RockAR 72204USA Department of Surgery the Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterOH 43210USA

Pyroptosis is the process of inflammatory cell death.The primary function of pyroptosis is to induce strong inflammatory responses that defend the host against microbe infection.excessive pyroptosis,however,leads to several inflammatory diseases,including sepsis and autoimmune disorders.Pyroptosis can be canonical or noncanonical.Upon microbe infection,the canonical pathway responds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),while the noncanonical pathway responds to intracellular lipopolysaccharides(LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria.The last step of pyroptosis requires the cleavage of gasdermin D(GsdmD) at D275(numbering after human GSDMD) into N-and C-termini by caspase 1 in the canonical pathway and caspase 4/5/11(caspase 4/5 in humans,caspase 11 in mice) in the noncanonical pathway.Upon cleavage,the N-terminus of GsdmD(GsdmD-N) forms a transmembrane pore that releases cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and disturbs the regulation of ions and water,eventually resulting in strong inflammation and cell death.Since GsdmD is the effector of pyroptosis,promising inhibitors of GsdmD have been developed for inflammatory diseases.This review will focus on the roles of GsdmD during pyroptosis and in diseases.

关键词： Pyroptosis Inflammasome Caspase Gasdermin Sepsis Inflammation Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)

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Recent advances and influencing parameters in developing electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

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矿物冶金与材料学报:英文版 2023年第10期30卷 1933-1956页

作者： Wan Nor Anasuhah Wan Yusoff Nurul Akidah Baharuddin Mahendra Rao Somalu Andanastuti Muchtar Nigel P.brandon Huiqing Fan Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Group Fuel Cell InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of engineering 2.06 Faculty BuildingImperial College LondonSW72 AZUK State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

This article delivers a robust overview of potential electrode materials for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells(S-SOFCs),a relatively new SOFC technology.To this end,this article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and progress in electrode materials for S-SOFC,discussing both the selection of materials and the challenges that come with making that choice.This article discussed the relevant factors involved in developing electrodes with nano/microstructure.Nanocomposites,e.g.,non-cobalt and lithiated materials,are only a few of the electrode types now being researched.Furthermore,the phase structure and microstructure of the produced materials are heavily influenced by the synthesis procedure.Insights into the possibilities and difficulties of the material are discussed.To achieve the desired microstructural features,this article focuses on a synthesis technique that is either the most recent or a better iteration of an existing process.The portion of this analysis that addresses the risks associated with manufacturing and the challenges posed by materials when fabricating S-SOFCs is the most critical.This article also provides important and useful recommendations for the strategic design of electrode materials researchers.

关键词： nano composites electrode microstructure tailoring oxidation symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell

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