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characteristics and Inpatient Outcomes of Primary Biliary cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome

Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第3期9卷 392-398页

作者： Yi Jiang Bing-Hong Xu brandon Rodgers Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNew JerseyUSA Liver center&center for Asian Health RWJBH-Saint Barnabas Medical CenterFlorham ParkNew JerseyUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNew JerseyUSA

Background and Aims:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBc)and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)are hepatobiliary diseases of presumed immune-mediated origin that have been shown to *** aim of this retrospective trial was to use national data to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with overlapping PBc and AIH(PBc/AIH).Methods:The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify hospitalized adult patients with PBc,AIH,and PBc/AIH from 2010 to 2014 by International classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition Revision codes;patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis c virus infection were *** outcomes measures were in-hospital outcomes that included mortality,respiratory failure,septic shock,length of stay,and total hospital *** outcomes were the clinical characteristics of PBc/AIH,including the comorbid extrahepatic autoimmune disease pattern and complications of ***:A total of 3,478 patients with PBc/AIH were included in the ***/AIH was associated with higher rates of Sjögren’s syndrome(pcrohn’s disease(pcirrhosis-related complications when compared to PBc or AIH *** were similar rates of mortality between the PBc/AIH,PBc,and AIH *** PBc/AIH group had higher rates of septic shock when compared to the PBc group(pc/AIH is associated with a lower rate of crohn’s disease,a higher rate of Sjögren’s syndrome,higher rates of cirrhosis-related complications,and significantly increased risk of septic shock compared to PBc and AIH individually.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmune hepatitis Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases cirrhosis-related complications Septic shock Hospital burden

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An Early Warning System for curved Road Based on OV7670 Image Acquisition and STM32

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computers, Materials & continua 2019年第4期59卷 135-147页

作者： Xiaoliang Wang Wenhua Song Bowei Zhang brandon Mausler Frank Jiang School of computer science and engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201China cisco Systems Incorporated San Jose 95134CaliforniaUSA School of IT Deakin UniversityVictoria 3216Australia

Nowadays,the number of vehicles in china has increased *** increase of the number of vehicles has also led to the increasingly complex traffic situation and the urgent safety measures in ***,the existing early warning devices such as geomagnetic,ultrasonic and infrared detection have some shortcomings like difficult installation and *** addition,geomagnetic detection will damage the road surface,while ultrasonic and infrared detection will be greatly affected by the *** the shortcomings of the existing solutions,this paper puts forward a solution of early warning for vehicle turning meeting based on image acquisition and *** solution combines image acquisition and processing technology,which uses image sensor to perceive traffic condition and image data analysis algorithm to process perceived image,and then utilize LED display screen to issue an early warning.

关键词： curve traffic turning meeting early warning image identification vehicle detection

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Phylogenetic endemism of the orchids of Megamexico reveals complementary areas for conservation

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Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 351-359页

作者： brandon E.Gutierrez-Rodríguez Marilyn Vasquez-cruz Victoria Sosa Instituto de Ecología Ac Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico Unidad de Genomica Avanzada Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para La BiodiversidadCentro de Investigaciony Estudios Avanzados IrapuatoLibramiento Norte Carretera Leon Km.9.636821 IrapuatoGuanajuatoMexico

Orchid diversity provides a unique opportunity to further our understanding of biotic and abiotic factors linked to patterns of richness,endemism,and phylogenetic endemism in many ***,orchid diversity is consistently threatened by illegal trade and habitat ***,we identified areas critical for orchid conservation in the biogeographic province of *** this purpose,we evaluated orchid endemism,phylogenetic diversity,and phylogenetic endemism within Megamexico and characterized orchid life *** results indicate that the majority of the regions with the highest estimates of endemism and phylogenetic endemism are in southern Mexico and northern central America,mostly located on the Pacific side of *** the most important orchid lineages,several belong to epiphytic lineages such as Pleurothallidinae,Laeliinae and *** also found that species from diverse and distantly related lineages converge in montane forests where suitable substrates for epiphytes ***,the southernmost areas of phylogenetic diversity and endemism of Megamexico are in unprotected ***,we conclude that the most critical areas for orchid conservation in Megamexico are located in southern Mexico and northern central *** recommend that these areas should be given priority by the Mexican system of natural protected areas as complementary conservation areas.

关键词： Epiphytes Geophytes Orchids Phylogenetic endemism Weighted endemism

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Effects of medium chain triglycerides on hepatic fatty acid oxidation in clofibrate-fed newborn piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 334-344页

作者： Jinan Zhao brandon Pike Jin Huang Zhihua Feng Jack Odle Xi Lin Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Zinpro corporation Eden PrairieMN 55344USA college of Biological Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China college of Animal Science and Technology Agricultural University of HebeiBaoding071001China

To investigate whether increasing tricarboxylic acid(TcA)cycle activity and ketogenic capacity would augment fatty acid(FA)oxidation induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)agonist clofibrate,suckling newborn piglets(n=54)were assigned to 8 groups following a 2(±clofibrate)×4(glycerol succinate[SUc],triglycerides of 2-methylpentanoic acid[T2M],valeric acid[Tc5]and hexanoic acid[Tc6])factorial *** group was fed an isocaloric milk formula containing either 0%or 0.35%clofibrate(wt/wt,dry matter basis)with 5%SUc,T2M,Tc5 or Tc6 for 5 *** 6 pigs served as newborn *** acid oxidation was examined in fresh homogenates of liver collected on d 6 using[1-^(14)c]palmitic acid(1 mM)as a substrate(0.265μci/μmol).Measurements were performed in the absence or presence of L-carnitine(1 mM)or inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA synthase(L659699,1.6μM)or acetoacetate-coA deacylase(iodoacetamide,50μM).Without clofibrate stimulation,^(14)c accumulation in cO_(2) was higher from piglets fed diets containing T2M and Tc5 than SUc,but similar to those fed *** clofibrate stimulation,accumulation also was higher in homogenates from piglets fed Tc5 than all other dietary *** between clofibrate and carnitine or the inhibitors were observed(P=0.0004)for acid soluble products(ASP).In vitro addition of carnitine increased^(14)c-ASP(Pclofibrate *** percentage of^(14)c in cO_(2) was higher(P=0.0023)in Tc5 than in the control *** these results we suggest that dietary supplementation of anaplerotic and ketogenic FA could impact FA oxidation and modify the metabolism of acetyl-coA(product ofβ-oxidation)via alteration of TcA cycle activity,but the modification has no significant impact on the hepatic FA oxidative capacity induced by PPARα.In addition,the availability of carnitine is a critical element to maintain FA oxidation during the neonatal perio

关键词： PPARα clofibrate Newborn piglets Medium chain triglyceride(McT) Hepatic fatty acid oxidation

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Gasdermin D in pyroptosis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第9期11卷 2768-2782页

作者： brandon E.Burdette Ashley N.Esparza Hua Zhu Shanzhi Wang Biology Department University of Arkansas at Little RockAR 72204USA Department of Surgery the Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterOH 43210USA

Pyroptosis is the process of inflammatory cell *** primary function of pyroptosis is to induce strong inflammatory responses that defend the host against microbe *** pyroptosis,however,leads to several inflammatory diseases,including sepsis and autoimmune *** can be canonical or *** microbe infection,the canonical pathway responds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),while the noncanonical pathway responds to intracellular lipopolysaccharides(LPS) of Gram-negative *** last step of pyroptosis requires the cleavage of gasdermin D(GsdmD) at D275(numbering after human GSDMD) into N-and c-termini by caspase 1 in the canonical pathway and caspase 4/5/11(caspase 4/5 in humans,caspase 11 in mice) in the noncanonical *** cleavage,the N-terminus of GsdmD(GsdmD-N) forms a transmembrane pore that releases cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and disturbs the regulation of ions and water,eventually resulting in strong inflammation and cell *** GsdmD is the effector of pyroptosis,promising inhibitors of GsdmD have been developed for inflammatory *** review will focus on the roles of GsdmD during pyroptosis and in diseases.

关键词： Pyroptosis Inflammasome caspase Gasdermin Sepsis Inflammation Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)

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Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use

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cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 762-783页

作者： Robert clarke brandon c.Jones catherine M.Sevigny Leena A.Hilakivi-clarke Surojeet Sengupta The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMN 55912USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20057USA The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main StreetBar HarborME 04609USA

Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha(ER;ESR1)represent approximately 70%of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this *** this high prevalence,the number of adequate experimental models of ER+breast cancer is relatively ***,these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies,and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate *** discuss the primary experimental models of ER+breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines,cell line-and patient-derived xenografts,and chemically induced rodent models,with a consideration of their respective general strengths and *** can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed,and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are ***,despite their limitations,the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field,and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.

关键词： Breast cancer experimental models PDX xenografts study design

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clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第14期28卷 1455-1478页

作者： Michael T Le compte brandon Mason Keenan J Robbins Motoyo Yano Deyali chatterjee Ryan c Fields Steven M Strasberg William G Hawkins Department of Surgical Oncology University of North CarolinaRaleighNC 27608United States Department of Radiology Stillwater Medical CenterStillwaterOK 74074United States Department of General Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 8505United States Department of Pathology and Immunology MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Surgical Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and GI Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110United States

BAcKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal *** the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic *** of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the *** purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this *** To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic *** A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from *** was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this *** patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were *** were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub Med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic *** describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for *** including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and *** Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical *** manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet *** review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more *** and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic *** majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical catego

关键词： Heterotopic pancreas Ectopic pancreas Aberrant pancreas Pancreatic rest Groove pancreatitis

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US-china Relations:Nationalism,the Trade War,and cOVID-19

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第1期14卷 23-40页

作者： brandon M.Boylan Jerry McBeath Bo Wang University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF) 603 C/D Gruening Building1747 South Chandalar DriveFairbanksAK 99775USA Emeritus of Political Science University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF)1777 Red Fox DriveFairbanksAK 99709USA School of International Relations China University of International Business and Economics(UIBE)Mail Box 100No.10 Huixin East StreetChangyang DistrictBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

The trade war between the USA and china has shocked many across the world.A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed ***,in an effort to thwart china’s economic practices and boost the US economy,President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on chinese imports shortly after taking office,moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism,practiced for decades,to *** has retaliated,and the trade war continues *** conceptual insights from the nationalism literature,we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and chinese *** the USA,the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy,decrease reliance on foreign resources,and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies,the othering of china,and hence the trade *** reluctant to enter the conflict,china has rebuffed the USA,resisting and counterattacking US actions,owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully,and lead in some issue areas,in international *** conflict continues into the cOVID-19 era,marked by US scapegoating of china and hits to economic *** both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals,or the USA undergoes an administration change,the conflict will likely continue.

关键词： US-china relations Nationalism International trade Natural resources Energy Political economy cOVID-19

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Epiphenomenalism Meets Qualia in Practical Deliberation and Action： Seeing Is Not Believing？

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2011年第2期1卷 118-129页

作者： brandon D. c. Fenton York University York University Department of Philosophy

This paper examines the tension between the standard （common sense） theory of action and the epiphenomenalist view of the mind. The theory of action that is appealed to is one that emphasizes the calculative ＂means-ends＂ structure of rational deliberation--a structuring that appears to place practical reasoning at odds with other forms of causal explanation. The epiphenomenalist view presented is one that attempts to preserve certain foundational tenets of physicalism in the face of worries generated by the existence of qualia. In the latter part of the paper, the author makes use of a novel thought experiment involving phenomenal qualia in order to undermine the epiphenomenalist position and to vindicate the view that properties of consciousness matter to human agency.

关键词： epiphenomenalism qualia practical reasoning action

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Hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge from a petroleum refinery

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Petroleum Science 2019年第2期16卷 428-438页

作者： Jiahao Liang chunmao chen brandon A.Yoza Ying Liang Jin Li Ming Ke Qinghong Wang State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control China University of PetroleumBeijing Hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa

The cost-effective treatment of activated sludge that is generated by refining petroleum is a challenging industrial *** this study, semi-continuous stirred tank reactors(cSTRs) containing petroleum refinery excess activated sludge(PREAS)were used to comparatively investigate hydrolysis and acidification rates, after the addition of heneicosane(c_(21)H_(44))(R1)and 1-phenylnaphthalene(c16 H12)(R2) to different and individual reactors. Operation of the reactors using a sludge retention time(SRT) of 6 days and a pH of 5.0, resulted in the maintenance of stable biological activity as determined by soluble chemical oxygen demand(ScOD), volatile fatty acids(VFAs) production and oil removal efficiency. The optimum conditions for hydrogen production include a SRT of 8 days, at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, hydrogen production rates in the control containing only PREAS were 1567 mL/L(R0), compared with 1365 mL/L in Rl and 1454 mL/L-PREAS in ***, Fervidobacterium, caldisericum and Tepidiphilus were the dominant bacterial genera that have the potential to degrade petroleum compounds and generate VFAs. This study has shown that high concentrations of heneicosane and 1-phenylnaphthalene did not inhibit the hydrolytic acidification of PREAS.

关键词： Hydrolysis acidification Petroleum refinery excess activated sludge (PREAS) VFA production Hydrogen production Microbial community

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