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Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 37-62页

作者： Sahil Chauhan Tajamul Shafi brajesh kumar dubey Shamik Chowdhury School of Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India

Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Adsorption Adsorbents Biochar Wastewater treatment

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Trigonometric tension B-spline collocation approximations for time fractional Burgers’equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第5期9卷 508-516页

作者： brajesh kumar Singh Mukesh Gupta School of Physical and Decision Sciences Department of MathematicsBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow 226025(UP)INDIA

This manuscript’s aim is to form and examine the numerical simulation of Caputo-time fractional nonlinear Burgers’equation via collocation approach with trigonometric tension B-splines as base ***,L 1 discretization formula is utilized for the time fractional derivative and after linearizing the nonlinear term,the trigonometric tension B-spline interpolants are utilized to get a system of simultaneous linear equations that are solved via Gauss elimination ***,numerical approximation at the desired time level is *** is demonstrated via von-Neumann approach that proposed scheme produces stable *** results of six different test examples having their analytical solutions are compared with the results in the literature to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme.

关键词： Fractional Burgers’equation Trigonometric tension B-spline Collocation scheme Gauss elimination method

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Characterization of municipal solid waste based on seasonal variations,source and socio-economic aspects

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第4期3卷 275-288页

作者： Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela Sudha Goel Michele John brajesh dubey Environmental Engineering and Management Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India Sustainable Engineering Group Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia

Municipal solid waste(MSW)generation and characterization are the basic inputs for waste handling and treatment systems *** present research,we performed waste characterization investigations in Visakhapatnam(India),using a waste characterization methodology by integrating two standard sampling and characterization *** characterization methodology was designed by combining seasonal variations,source,and socio-economic ***-based sampling was performed at household(s),dumpster(s),transfer station,and ***-economic-based sampling was performed based on the zone classification of the *** sampling campaigns were conducted to identify the waste composition based on seasonal *** aimed to perform stratified characterization of waste and assess chemical characteristics of the mixed waste fractions to evaluate waste-to-energy *** indicate that the amount of MSW generated in the city is 1250±100 tons/day,with a generation rate of 0.65 kg/capita/*** on source stratification,organic matter(45.5%±6.5%)is a major component followed by inert *** paper,plastic,and textile components amount to 25%of overall *** seasonal studies,organic matter was higher in pre-monsoon(42%)compared to winter(39%).The moisture content of MSW varied between 30%and 35%and volatile solids between 39%and 43%.The calorific value was determined to be between 5680-7110 kJ/*** the limitations and potential errors associated with sampling and waste *** and thermal conversion treatment alternatives for processing,treatment,and handling were *** findings of this research would assist regulatory bodies and city councils to formulate policy directives on waste sampling,characterization,segregation,education,and awareness campaigns.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste characterization Source segregation Socio-economic Seasonal variation Waste-to-energy

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Fractionally delineate the neuroprotective function of calbindin-Z?28fc in Parkinson's disease

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第8期11卷 151-169页

作者： Hardik Joshi brajesh kumar Jha Department of Mathematics School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007. India

Neuron is a fundamental unit of the brain, which is specialized to transmit information throughout the body through electrical and chemical signals. Calcium (Ca2^+) ions are known as second messengers which play important roles in the movement of the neurotransmitter. Calbindin-D28k is a Ca2^+ binding protein which is involved in regulation of intracellular Ca2^+ ions and main tains homeos tasis level, it also alters the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2^+]) in nerve cells to keep the cell alive. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder of the nervous system. Several regions of the brain indicate the hallmark of the PD. The symptoms of PD are plainly linked with the degeneration and death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta located in midbrain which is accompanied by depletion in calbindin-Z?28fc - In the present paper, the neuroprotective role of calbindin-￡>28fc in the cytoplasmic [Ca2^+] distribution is studied. The elicitation in [Ca2^+] is due to the presence of low amount of calbindin-D28k which can be portrayed and is a hallmark of PD. A one-dimensional space time fractional reaction diffusion equation is designed by keeping in mind the physiological condition taking place inside Parkinson's brain. Computational results are performed in MATLAB.

关键词： Calbindin-D28k Parkinson's disease calcium concentration fractionalCaputo derivative fractional approach

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Propagation delay and power dissipation for different aspect ratio of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSV

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 99-104页

作者： Tanu Goyal Manoj kumar Majumder brajesh kumar Kaushik Department of ECE IEC College of Engineering and Technology Department of E&CE Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Through-silicon vias （TSVs） have provided an attractive solution for three-dimensional （3D） integrated devices and circuit technologies with reduced parasitic losses and power dissipation, higher input-output （I/O） den- sity and improved system performance. This paper investigates the propagation delay and average power dissipation of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSVs having different via radius and height. Depending on the physical configuration, a comprehensive and accurate analytical model of CNT bundled TSV is employed to represent the via （vertical interconnect access） line of a driver-TSV-load （DTL） system. The via radius and height are used to estimate the bundle aspect ratio （AR） and the cross-sectional area. For a fixed via height, the delay and the power dissipation are reduced up to 96.2% using a SWCNT bundled TSV with AR = 300 ： 1 in comparison to AR = 6：1.

关键词： carbon nanotube through-silicon vias equivalent RLC circuit model propagation delay power-delay product area-delay product

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Stability and Bifurcation of a Prey-Predator System with Additional Food and Two Discrete Delays

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第2期126卷 505-547页

作者： Ankit kumar Balram dubey Department of Mathematics BITS PilaniPilani CampusPilani333031India

In this paper,the impact of additional food and two discrete delays on the dynamics of a prey-predator model is *** interaction between prey and predator is considered as Holling Type-II functional *** additional food is provided to the predator to reduce its dependency on the *** delay is the gestation delay in predator while the other delay is the delay in supplying the additional food to *** positivity,boundedness and persistence of the solutions of the system are studied to show the system as biologically *** existence of steady states,their local and global asymptotic behavior for the non-delayed system are *** is shown that(i)predator’s dependency factor on additional food induces a periodic solution in the system,and(ii)the two delays considered in the system are capable to change the status of the stability behavior of the *** existence of periodic solutions via Hopf-bifurcation is shown with respect to both the *** analysis shows that both delay parameters play an important role in governing the dynamics of the *** direction and stability of Hopf-bifurcation are also investigated through the normal form theory and the center manifold *** experiments are also conducted to validate the theoretical results.

关键词： predator delay system

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Capuli cherry-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under white solar and blue LED light

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Particuology 2016年第1期14卷 123-128页

作者： brajesh kumar Yolancla Angulo kumari Smita Luis Cumbal Alexis Debut Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE Av. Gral. Rumifiahui s/n Sangolqui P.O. BOX 171-5-231B Ecuador

In this article, the Capuli （Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. Capuli） cherry extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in the presence of white/visible solar and blue light-emitting diode （LED） light. For the characterization of the extract and the AgNPs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were employed, along with hydrodynamic particle size analysis, trans- mission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Ag nanospheres obtained using white light were 40-100 nm in diameter and exhibited an absorption peak at λmax= 445 nm, whereas those obtained using blue LED light were 20-80 nm in diameter with an absorption peak at λmax= 425 nm. Thermal analysis revealed that the content of biomolecules surrounding the AgNPs was about 55-65%, and it was also found that blue LED light AgNPs （56.28%, 0.05 mM） had a higher antioxidant efficacy than the white solar light AgNPs （33.42%, 0.05 mM） against l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. The results indicate that obtaining AgNPs using a blue LED light may prove to be a simple, cost-effective and easily reproducible method for creating future nanopharmaceuticals.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Capuli LED light Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Transmission electron microscopy Antioxidant

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Analytically depicting the calcium diffusion for Alzheimer's affected cell

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第7期11卷 109-121页

作者： Devanshi D.Dave brajesh kumar Jha Department of Mathematics School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityRaisan GandhinagarGujarat 382007India

Brain is the most complex structure of the human *** processes going inside the brain and the mechanisms behind it have been unrevealed up to certain extent *** of the various physiological phenomena carried out by the brain,calcium signalling can be considered as one of the most *** being a second messenger plays an important role in transformation of various *** view of above,an attempt has been made here to study calcium signalling in presence of buffers,*** kind of proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER),which is also known as store house of the *** the store house of the cell,it has very high amount of calcium,whereas buffers decrease the level of free calcium ions by binding calcium ions to it.A two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to see the impact of these parameters on cytosolic calcium *** mathematical model is solved analytically using Laplace transforms and similarity *** simulations are carried out using *** is observed that the impact of buffer and ER is significant on calcium *** obtained results are interpreted with the Alzheimeric condition of the nerve cells.

关键词： Calcium buffers endoplasmic reticulum Alzheimer's disease Laplace transforms

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FDTD based transition time dependent crosstalk analysis for coupled RLC interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第5期35卷 69-73页

作者： Devendra kumar Sharma brajesh kumar Kaushik R.K.Sharma Department of ECE Meerut Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMeerut India Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee India Department of ECE National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra Haryana India

The performance of high density chips operating in the GHz range is mostly affected by on-chip interconnects. The interconnect delay depends on many factors, a few of them are inputs toggling patterns, line ＆ coupling parasitics, input rise/fall time and source/load characteristics. The transition time of the input is of prime importance in high speed circuits. This paper addresses the FDTD based analysis of transition time effects on functional and dynamic crosstalk. The analysis is carried out for equal and unequal transition times of coupled inputs. The analysis of the effects of unequal rise time is equally important because practically, it is quite common to have mismatching in the rise time of the signals transmitting through different length wires. To demonstrate the effects, two distributed RLC lines coupled inductively and capacitively are taken into consideration. The FDTD technique is used because it gives accurate results and carries time domain analysis of coupled lines. The number of lumps in SPICE simulations is considered the same as those of spatial segments. To validate the FDTD computed results, SPICE simulations are run and results are compared. A good agreement of the computed results has been observed with respect to SPICE simulated results. An average error of less than 3.2% is observed in the computation of the performance parameters using the proposed method.

关键词： FDTD transition time crosstalk noise delay coupled interconnects

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Sulfamic acid as a green,reusable catalyst for stepwise,tandem&one-pot solvent-free synthesis of pyrazole derivatives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第7期28卷 1571-1576页

作者： Veera Swamy Konkala Pramod kumar dubey Department of Chemistry Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University HyderabadCollege of EngineeringKukatpally 500085India

Sulfamic acid（SA） is a bi-functional, cost-effective and reusable green catalyst for the synthesis of 4-（pyrazol-4-yl）methylenepyrazol-5（4H）-one derivatives by one-pot, three-component condensation of pyrazol-4-carbaxaldehydes, b-ketoesters and phenyl hydrazine（Route-I）. In addition to this method,another simple condensation of pyrazol-4-carbaxaldehydes with pyrazolone in the presence of SA under the solvent-free condition in good yield is reported. The merits of these protocols are mild conditions,non-aqueous workup, high yields, easy availability of the catalyst, no chromatographic separation and inexpensive solid acid catalyst. Furthermore, SA could be recycled and reused for five times without losing its catalytic activity.

关键词： Pyrazol-4-carbaxaldehydes Knoevenagel condensation Sulfamic acid Multicomponent reaction Physical grinding

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