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FDTD based transition time dependent crosstalk analysis for coupled RLC interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第5期35卷 69-73页

作者： Devendra kumar Sharma brajesh kumar kaushik R.K.Sharma Department of ECE Meerut Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMeerut India Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee India Department of ECE National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra Haryana India

The performance of high density chips operating in the GHz range is mostly affected by on-chip interconnects. The interconnect delay depends on many factors, a few of them are inputs toggling patterns, line ＆ coupling parasitics, input rise/fall time and source/load characteristics. The transition time of the input is of prime importance in high speed circuits. This paper addresses the FDTD based analysis of transition time effects on functional and dynamic crosstalk. The analysis is carried out for equal and unequal transition times of coupled inputs. The analysis of the effects of unequal rise time is equally important because practically, it is quite common to have mismatching in the rise time of the signals transmitting through different length wires. To demonstrate the effects, two distributed RLC lines coupled inductively and capacitively are taken into consideration. The FDTD technique is used because it gives accurate results and carries time domain analysis of coupled lines. The number of lumps in SPICE simulations is considered the same as those of spatial segments. To validate the FDTD computed results, SPICE simulations are run and results are compared. A good agreement of the computed results has been observed with respect to SPICE simulated results. An average error of less than 3.2% is observed in the computation of the performance parameters using the proposed method.

关键词： FDTD transition time crosstalk noise delay coupled interconnects

FDTD technique based crosstalk analysis of bundled SWCNT interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第5期36卷 90-98页

作者： Yograj Singh Duksh brajesh kumar kaushik Rajendra P.Agarwal Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Shobhit University

The equivalent electrical circuit model of a bundled single-walled carbon nanotube based distributed RLC interconnects is employed for the crosstalk analysis. The accurate time domain analysis and crosstalk effect in the VLSI interconnect has emerged as an essential design criteria. This paper presents a brief description of the numerical method based finite difference time domain （FDTD） technique that is intended for estimation of voltages and currents on coupled transmission lines. For the FDTD implementation, the stability of the proposed model is strictly restricted by the Courant condition. This method is used for the estimation of crosstalk induced propagation delay and peak voltage in lossy RLC interconnects. Both functional and dynamic crosstalk effects are analyzed in the coupled transmission line. The effect of line resistance on crosstalk induced delay, and peak voltage under dynamic and functional crosstalk is also evaluated. The FDTD analysis and the SPICE simulations are carried out at 32 nm technology node for the global interconnects. It is observed that the analytical results obtained using the FDTD technique are in good agreement with the SPICE simulation results. The crosstalk induced delay, propagation delay, and peak voltage obtained using the FDTD technique shows average errors of 4.9%, 3.4% and 0.46%, respectively, in comparison to SPICE.

关键词： FDTD SWCNT bundle interconnects crosstalk delay peak voltage coupled transmission lines

Tapered Optical Fiber-Based LSPR Biosensor for Ascorbic Acid Detection

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Photonic Sensors 2021年第4期11卷 418-434页

作者： Guo ZHU Lokendra SINGH Yu WANG Ragini SINGH Bingyuan ZHANG Fengzhen LIU brajesh kumar kaushik Santosh kumar Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology School of Physics Science and Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering PARK College of Engineering and TechnologyKaniyur 641659India School of Agriculture Science Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China Liaocheng People's Hospital Medical College of Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India Department of Electrical and Electronics&Communication Engineering DIT UniversityDehradim 248009India

The ascorbic acid(AA)is a biomarker that can be used to detect the symptoms of severe disorders such as scurvy,Parkinson’s,Alzheimer’s,and cardiovascular *** this work,a simple and effective sensor model is developed to diagnose the presence of AA *** develop the sensor,a tapered single-mode optical fiber has been used with the well-known phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).For LSPR,the tapered region is immobilized with synthesized gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)whose absorbance peak wavelengths appear at 519nm and 370nm,*** the basis of nanoparticles(NPs)configurations,two different biosensor probes are *** the first one,the sensing region is immobilized with AuNPs and named Probe *** the second probe,the immobilized layer of AuNPs is further coated with a layer of ZnO-NPs,and a resultant probe is termed as Probe *** characterizations of synthesized AuNPs and developed fiber probes are done by the ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectrophotometer,high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HR-TEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and scanning electron microscope(SEM).To enhance the selectivity,a sensing region of probes is functionalized with ascorbate oxidase enzyme that oxidizes the AA in the presence of *** response of developed sensor probes is authenticated by sensing the samples of AA in the range from 500 nM to 1 mM,which covers the range of AA found in human bodies,i.e.,40μM-120μ*** performance analysis of the developed sensor probes has been done in terms of their stability,reproducibility,reusability,and *** observe the stability of AA,a pH-test has also been done that results in a better solubility of AA molecules in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)solution.

关键词： Ascorbic acid localized surface plasmon resonance gold nanoparticlcs zinc oxide nanoparticles tapered fiber optical fiber sensor

Trigonometric tension B-spline collocation approximations for time fractional Burgers’equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第5期9卷 508-516页

作者： brajesh kumar Singh Mukesh Gupta School of Physical and Decision Sciences Department of MathematicsBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow 226025(UP)INDIA

This manuscript’s aim is to form and examine the numerical simulation of Caputo-time fractional nonlinear Burgers’equation via collocation approach with trigonometric tension B-splines as base ***,L 1 discretization formula is utilized for the time fractional derivative and after linearizing the nonlinear term,the trigonometric tension B-spline interpolants are utilized to get a system of simultaneous linear equations that are solved via Gauss elimination ***,numerical approximation at the desired time level is *** is demonstrated via von-Neumann approach that proposed scheme produces stable *** results of six different test examples having their analytical solutions are compared with the results in the literature to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme.

关键词： Fractional Burgers’equation Trigonometric tension B-spline Collocation scheme Gauss elimination method

Fractionally delineate the neuroprotective function of calbindin-Z?28fc in Parkinson's disease

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第8期11卷 151-169页

作者： Hardik Joshi brajesh kumar Jha Department of Mathematics School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007. India

Neuron is a fundamental unit of the brain, which is specialized to transmit information throughout the body through electrical and chemical signals. Calcium (Ca2^+) ions are known as second messengers which play important roles in the movement of the neurotransmitter. Calbindin-D28k is a Ca2^+ binding protein which is involved in regulation of intracellular Ca2^+ ions and main tains homeos tasis level, it also alters the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2^+]) in nerve cells to keep the cell alive. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder of the nervous system. Several regions of the brain indicate the hallmark of the PD. The symptoms of PD are plainly linked with the degeneration and death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta located in midbrain which is accompanied by depletion in calbindin-Z?28fc - In the present paper, the neuroprotective role of calbindin-￡>28fc in the cytoplasmic [Ca2^+] distribution is studied. The elicitation in [Ca2^+] is due to the presence of low amount of calbindin-D28k which can be portrayed and is a hallmark of PD. A one-dimensional space time fractional reaction diffusion equation is designed by keeping in mind the physiological condition taking place inside Parkinson's brain. Computational results are performed in MATLAB.

关键词： Calbindin-D28k Parkinson's disease calcium concentration fractionalCaputo derivative fractional approach

Capuli cherry-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under white solar and blue LED light

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Particuology 2016年第1期14卷 123-128页

作者： brajesh kumar Yolancla Angulo kumari Smita Luis Cumbal Alexis Debut Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE Av. Gral. Rumifiahui s/n Sangolqui P.O. BOX 171-5-231B Ecuador

In this article, the Capuli （Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. Capuli） cherry extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in the presence of white/visible solar and blue light-emitting diode （LED） light. For the characterization of the extract and the AgNPs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were employed, along with hydrodynamic particle size analysis, trans- mission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Ag nanospheres obtained using white light were 40-100 nm in diameter and exhibited an absorption peak at λmax= 445 nm, whereas those obtained using blue LED light were 20-80 nm in diameter with an absorption peak at λmax= 425 nm. Thermal analysis revealed that the content of biomolecules surrounding the AgNPs was about 55-65%, and it was also found that blue LED light AgNPs （56.28%, 0.05 mM） had a higher antioxidant efficacy than the white solar light AgNPs （33.42%, 0.05 mM） against l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. The results indicate that obtaining AgNPs using a blue LED light may prove to be a simple, cost-effective and easily reproducible method for creating future nanopharmaceuticals.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Capuli LED light Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Transmission electron microscopy Antioxidant

Analytically depicting the calcium diffusion for Alzheimer's affected cell

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第7期11卷 109-121页

作者： Devanshi D.Dave brajesh kumar Jha Department of Mathematics School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityRaisan GandhinagarGujarat 382007India

Brain is the most complex structure of the human *** processes going inside the brain and the mechanisms behind it have been unrevealed up to certain extent *** of the various physiological phenomena carried out by the brain,calcium signalling can be considered as one of the most *** being a second messenger plays an important role in transformation of various *** view of above,an attempt has been made here to study calcium signalling in presence of buffers,*** kind of proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER),which is also known as store house of the *** the store house of the cell,it has very high amount of calcium,whereas buffers decrease the level of free calcium ions by binding calcium ions to it.A two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to see the impact of these parameters on cytosolic calcium *** mathematical model is solved analytically using Laplace transforms and similarity *** simulations are carried out using *** is observed that the impact of buffer and ER is significant on calcium *** obtained results are interpreted with the Alzheimeric condition of the nerve cells.

关键词： Calcium buffers endoplasmic reticulum Alzheimer's disease Laplace transforms

Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 37-62页

作者： Sahil Chauhan Tajamul Shafi brajesh kumar Dubey Shamik Chowdhury School of Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India

Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Adsorption Adsorbents Biochar Wastewater treatment

Analysis of sudden variations in photospheric magnetic fields during a large flare and their influences in the solar atmosphere

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第8期16卷 95-112页

作者： brajesh kumar Ankala Raja Bayanna Parameswaran Venkatakrishnan Shibu Kuchandy Mathew Udaipur Solar Observatory Physical Research Laboratory Dewali Badi Road Udaipur 313004 Rajasthan India Indian Institute of Astrophysics Ⅱ Block Koramangala Bangalore 560034 India

The solar active region NOAA 11719 produced a large two-ribbon flare on 2013 April 11. We have investigated sudden variations in the photospheric magnetic fields in this active region during the flare by employing magnetograms obtained in the spectral line Fe I 6173 A acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager （HMI） onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory （SDO） spacecraft. The analysis of the line-of-sight magnetograms from HMI show sudden and persistent magnetic field changes at different locations of the active region before the onset of the flare and during the flare. The vector magnetic field observations available from HMI also show coincident variations in the total magnetic field strength and its inclination angle at these locations. Using the simultaneous Dopplergrams obtained from HMI, we observe perturbations in the photospheric Doppler signals following the sudden changes in the magnetic fields in the aforementioned locations. The power spectrum analysis of these velocity signals shows enhanced acoustic power in these affected locations during the flare as compared to the pre-flare condition. Accompanying these observations, we have also used nearly simultaneous chromospheric observations obtained in the spectral line Ha 6562.8 A by the Global Oscillation Network Group （GONG） to study the evolution of flare- ribbons and intensity oscillations in this active region. The Ha intensity oscillations also show enhanced oscillatory power during the flare in the aforementioned locations. These results indicate that the transient Lorentz force associated with sudden changes in the magnetic fields could drive localized photospheric and chromospheric oscillations, like the flare-induced oscillations in the solar atmosphere.

关键词： Sun sunspots -- Sun flares -- Sun magnetic fields -- Sun oscillations -- Sun photosphere-- Sun chromosphere