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Environmental sampling of volatile organic compounds during the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California

Journal of Environmental sciences 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Leslie A.simms Eva Borras bradley s.chew Bruno Matsui Mitchell M.McCartney stephen K.Robinson Nicholas Kenyon Cristina E.Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute for space Research University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA VA Northern California Health Care system 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace analysis of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during wildfires is imperative for environmental and health risk assessment. The use of gas sampling devices mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to chemically sample air during wildfires is of great interest because these devices move freely about their environment, allowing for more representative air samples and the ability to sample areas dangerous or unreachable by humans. This work presents chemical data from air samples obtained in Davis, CA during the most destructive wildfire in California's history-the 2018 Camp Fire – as well as the deployment of our sampling device during a controlled experimental fire while fixed to a UAV. The sampling mechanism was an in-house manufactured micro-gas preconcentrator(μPC) embedded onto a compact battery-operated sampler that was returned to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Compounds commonly observed in wildfires were detected during the Camp Fire using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–Ms), including BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene), benzaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene. Concentrations of BTEX were calculated and we observed that benzene and toluene were highest with average concentrations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m^(3), respectively. Numerous fire-related compounds including BTEX and aldehydes such as octanal and nonanal were detected upon experimental fire ignition, even at a much smaller sampling time compared to samples taken during the Camp Fire. Analysis of the air samples taken both stationary during the Camp Fire and mobile during an experimental fire show the successful operation of our sampler in a fire environment.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Wildfire 2018 Camp Fire Micro preconcentrators Environmental sampling Mobile VOC sampling

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Exosomes as promising frontier approaches in future cancer therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 28-33页

作者： Fatt-Yang chew Chin-Hung Tsai Kuang-Hsi Chang Yu-Kang Chang Ruey-Hwang Chou Yi-Jui Liu Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404TaiwanChina Department of Radiology School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung 404TaiwanChina Department of Cancer Center Tungs’Taichung MetroHarbor HospitalTaichung 435TaiwanChina Department of Chest Medicine Tungs’Taichung MetroHarbor HospitalTaichung 435TaiwanChina Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 402TaiwanChina Department of Medical Research Tungs’Taichung MetroHarbor HospitalTaichung 435TaiwanChina Center for General Education China Medical UniversityTaichung 404TaiwanChina General Education Center Jen-Teh Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementMiaoli 356TaiwanChina Department of Nursing Jen-Teh Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementMiaoli 356TaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Biomedical sciences China Medical UniversityTaichung 404TaiwanChina Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404TaiwanChina Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia UniversityTaichung 413TaiwanChina Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia UniversityTaichung 407TaiwanChina

In this editorial,we will discuss the article by Tang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal *** explored an innovative approach to enhancing gemcitabine(GEM)delivery and efficacy using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(HU-BMsCs)-derived *** manufacture of GEM-loaded HU-BMsCs-derived exosomes(Exo-GEM)has been *** Tang et al’s study demonstrated that Exo-GEM exhibits enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects compared to free GEM,highlighting the potential of exosome-based drug delivery systems as a more effective and targeted approach to chemotherapy in pancreatic *** in vivo studies are required to confirm the safety and effectiveness of Exo-GEM before it can be considered for clinical use.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes Gemcitabine Pancreatic cancer Apoptosis

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Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder and wire

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： Fei Weng Guijun Bi Youxiang chew shang sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-solid structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),*** the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire *** characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material specifications(AMs 6932)even without post heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing powder deposition wire deposition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

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Quantitative Analysis of the silk Moth＇s Chemical Plume Tracing Locomotion Using a Hierarchical Classification Method

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 268-281页

作者： Jouh Yeong chew Daisuke Kurabayashi Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan

The silk moth （Bombyx mori） exhibits efficient Chemical Plume Tracing （CPT）, which is ideal for biomimetics. However, there is insufficient quantitative understanding of its CPT behavior. We propose a hierarchical classification method to segment its natural CPT locomotion and to build its inverse model for detecting stimulus input. This provides the basis for quantitative analysis. The Gaussian mixture model with expectation-maximization algorithm is used first for unsupervised classification to decompose CPT locomotion data into Gaussian density components that represent a set of quantified elemental motions. A heuristic behavioral rule is used to categorize these components to eliminate components that are descriptive of the same motion. Then, the echo state network is used for supervised classification to evaluate segmented elemental motions and to compare CPT locomotion among different moths. In this case, categorized elemental motions are used as the training data to estimate stimulus time. We successfully built the inverse CPT behavioral model of the silk moth to detect stimulus input with good accuracy. The quantitative analysis indicates that silk moths exhibit behavioral singularity and time dependency in their CPT locomotion, which is dominated by its singularity.

关键词： biomimetics recognition learning and adaptive systems chemical plume tracing quantitative analysis

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Modeling fluid–particle interaction in dilute-phase turbulentliquid–particle flow simulation

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 150-160页

作者： Kunn Hadinoto Jia Wei chew school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

The present work examines the predictive capability of a two-fluid CFD model that is based on the kinetic theory of granular flow in simulating dilute-phase turbulent liquid-particle pipe flows in which the inter- stitial fluid effect on the particle fluctuating motion is significant. The impacts of employing different drag correlations and turbulence closure models to describe the fluid-particle interactions （i.e. drag force and long-range interaction） are examined at both the mean and fluctuating velocity levels. The model pre- dictions are validated using experimental data of turbulent liquid-particle flows in a vertical pipe at different particle Reynolds numbers （Rep 〉 400 and Rep 〈 400）, which characterize the importance of the vortex shedding phenomenon in the fluid-phase turbulence modulation. The results indicate that （1） the fluctuating velocity level predictions at different Rep are highly sensitive to the drag correlation selec- tion and （2） different turbulence closure models must be employed to accurately describe the long-range fluid-particle interaction in each phase. In general, good agreement is found between the model predic- tions and the experimental data at both the mean and fluctuating velocity levels provided that appropriate combinations of the drag correlation and the turbulence closure model are selected depending on Rep. 2009 Chinese society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： slurry flowLiquid-particle flowKinetic theory of granular flowDrag correlationTurbulence

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Challenges and Opportunities in the Practice of Chinese Medicine in singapore

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第6期30卷 483-488页

作者： chew sin Yee National University Hospital Singapore119074Singapore

According to the World Health Oranization(WHO)Traditional Medicine strategy 2014-2023,traditional medicine is defined as"the sum total of the knowledge,skill and practices based on the theories,beliefs,and experiences indigenous to different cultures,whether explicable or not,used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention,diagnosis,improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.

关键词： theories prevention diagnosis

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A fluidized-bed model for NiMgW-catalyzed CO2 methanation

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Particuology 2020年第2期18卷 55-64页

作者： Chunmiao Jia Yihu Dai Yanhui Yang Jia Wei chew school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637459Singapore Institute of Advanced synthesis Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211800Jiangsu ProvinceChina singapore Membrane Technology Center Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637141Singapore

The reduction of carbon dioxide to methane by hydrogen("CO2 methanation")using renewable energy is a promising process for recycling *** catalysts and better reactors are both required for the practical application of CO2 *** study examines how the operating parameters affect CO2 methanation in a highly efficient fluidized-bed *** first measured the kinetics of the CO2 methanation reaction using an NiMgW catalyst,which has been reported to exhibit superior catalytic *** then developed a fluidized-bed reactor model based on an earlier model for CO2 *** fluidized bed model indicated that the NiMgW was indeed superior to two other previously studied catalysts in terms of faster conversion of reactants and higher concentrations of product CH4 throughout the *** overall rate of production of CH4 increased with temperature and H2/CO2 ratio and decreased as the inlet reactant flow rate,catalyst particle diameter,and catalyst particle sphericity increased.

关键词： Fluidized-bed reactor model CO2 methanation NiMgW catalyst Reaction kinetics sensitivity analysis

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Nanoscale plasma-activated aerosol generation for in situ surface pathogen disinfection

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第2期8卷 161-173页

作者： Nicholas s.L.chew Kiing s.Wong Wei s.Chang Chien W.Ooi Leslie Y.Yeo Ming K.Tan Mechanical Engineering Discipline School of EngineeringMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia Chemical Engineering Discipline School of EngineeringMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory RMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Plasma treatment constitutes an efficient method for chemical-free disinfection.A spray-based system for dispensing plasma-activated aerosols onto surfaces would facilitate disinfection of complex and/or hidden surfaces inaccessible to direct line-of-sight(for example,UV)*** complexity and size of current plasma generators(for example,plasma jet and cometary plasma systems)-which prohibit portable operation,together with the short plasma lifetimes,necessitate a miniaturized in situ technique in which a source can be simultaneously activated and administered on-demand onto ***,we demonstrate this possibility by combining two nanoscale technologies for plasma and aerosol generation into an integrated device that is sufficiently small and *** is generated on a carpet of zinc oxide nanorods comprising a nanoneedle ensemble,which when raised to a high electric potential,constitutes a massive point charge array with near-singular electric fields to effect atmospheric *** plasma is then used to activate water transported through an underlying capillary wick,that is subsequently aerosolized under MHz-order surface acoustic *** show that the system,besides being amenable to miniaturization and hence integration into a chipscale device,leads to a considerable improvement in plasma-activation over its macroscale cometary discharge predecessor,with up to 20%and 127%higher hydrogen peroxide and nitrite ion concentrations that are respectively generated in the plasma-activated ***,in turn,leads to a 67%reduction in the disinfection time to achieve 95%bacterial load reduction,therefore demonstrating the potential of the technology as an efficient portable platform for on-demand field-use surface disinfection.

关键词： surface portable aerosol

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Complete characterization of ultrafast optical fields by phase-preserving nonlinear autocorrelation

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2451-2462页

作者： Alexander Gliserin soo Hoon chew seungchul Kim Dong Eon Kim Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering College of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyPusan National University2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gilBusan 46241South Korea Department of Cogno Mechatronics Engineering College of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyPusan National University2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gilBusan 46241South Korea Max Planck Center for Attosecond science Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative77 Cheongam-roPohang 37673South Korea Department of Physics Center for Attosecond Science and TechnologyPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam-roPohang 37673South Korea

Nonlinear autocorrelation was one of the earliest and simplest tools for obtaining partial temporal information about an ultrashort optical pulse by gating it with ***,since the spectral phase is lost in a conventional autocorrelation measurement,it is insufficient for a full characterization of an ultrafast electric field,requiring additional spectral information for phase ***,we show that introducing an intensity asymmetry into a conventional nonlinear interferometric autocorrelation preserves some spectral phase information within the autocorrelation signal,which enables the full reconstruction of the original electric field,including the direction of time,using only a spectrally integrating *** call this technique Phase-Enabled Nonlinear Gating with Unbalanced Intensity(PENGUIN).It can be applied to almost any existing nonlinear interferometric autocorrelator,making it capable of complete optical field characterization and thus providing an inexpensive and less complex alternative to methods relying on spectral measurements,such as frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG)or spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction(sPIDER).More importantly,PENGUIN allows the precise characterization of ultrafast fields in non-radiative(e.g.,plasmonic)nonlinear optical interactions where spectral information is *** demonstrate this novel technique through simulations and experimentally by measuring the electric field of~6-fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire *** results are validated by comparison with the well-established FROG method.

关键词： autocorrelation nonlinear characterization

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Permian-Triassic magmatic evolution of granitoids from the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Implications for accretion leading to collision

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science China Earth sciences 2021年第5期64卷 788-806页

作者： Didi WU shan LI David chew Tieyi LIU Donghai GUO Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Geology School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

Many orogenic belts in the world exhibit accretionary and collisional orogenic phases to varying *** accretion evolves into collision of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belt,is an intriguing *** this paper,we present new U-Pb age,geochemical and isotopic data for Permian-Triassic granitoids from middle Inner Mongolia,Northern China in the southeastern CAOB,and delineate the magmatic transition from subduction to(soft)*** magmatic record of soft collision is identified and characterized by thickened lower crust-derived high sr/Y granitoids with a sub-linear distribution along the solonker suture *** from Early Permian to Late Permian became more enriched in whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions(εNd(t)values from 2.4 to-19.5,εHf(t)values from 11.6 to-33.7),indicating increasing incorporation of old *** change in peak timing of magmatism from west(ca.264 Ma)to east(ca.251 Ma)along the solonker suture zone implies"scissor-like"closure of the Paleo-Asian *** with previous studies,a three-stage tectonic model from the Permian to Triassic by accretion leading to collision on the south-eastern margin of CAOB is proposed.(1)Early Permian(>ca.285 Ma):Juvenile magmatism on an active continental margin with double-sided subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean;(2)Middle Permian to Middle Triassic(ca.285–235 Ma):Magma source transition from juvenile to old crust induced by a tectonic switch from arc to"scissor-like"closure and subsequent intracontinental orogenic contraction;(3)Late Triassic(sm in response to post-collisional extension.

关键词： Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) Accretionary orogeny Tectono-magmatic evolution soft collision

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