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首席财务官 2017年第21期15卷 80-82页

作者：郑伟 bradley l.kirkman 北卡罗来纳大学普尔管理学院

不得不说,在当今整个复杂的团队世界,的确需要一个相对复杂的领导方法来确保团队效率的最大化。而3D团队领导力模型就能够更好地迎接当今团队领导者面临的挑战。

关键词：领导力模型 3D 领导方法最大化领导者

A Systematic Spectroscopic Study of Four Apollo lunar Soils

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第5期22卷 578-585页

作者：凌宗成 Alian Wang bradley l Jolliff School of Space Science and Physics & Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Optical Astronomy & Solar-Terrestrial Environment Shandong University Weihai 264209 China Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

A systematic spectroscopic study including Raman, Mid-IR, N1R, and VIS-NIR, is used to investigate four endmember lunar soils. Apollo soils （〈45 μm） 14163, 15271, 67511, and 71501 were selected as endmembers to study, based on their soil chemistry, maturity against space weathering, and the sampling locations. These endmembers include an anorthositic highlands soil （67511）, a low-Ti basaltic soil （15271）, a high-Ti basaltic soil （71501）, and a mafic, KREEPy, impact-melt-rich soil （14163）. We used a laser Raman point-counting procedure to derive mineral modes of the soils and the compositional distributions of major mineral phases, which in turn reflect characteristics of the main source materials for these soils. The Mid-IR, NIR, and VIS-NIR spectroscopic properties also yield distinct information on mineralogy, geochemistry, and maturity among the four soils. Knowledge of the mineralogy resulting from the Raman point-counting procedure corresponds well with bulk mineralogy and soil properties based on Mid-IR, NIR, and VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The future synergistic application of these spectroscopy methods on the Moon will provide a linkage between the results from in situ surface exploration and those from orbital remotesensing observations.

关键词： geochemistry mineralogy planetary structural geology.

Using our mini-brains: cerebral organoids as an improved cellular model for human prion disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1019-1020页

作者： bradley R.Groveman Ryan walters Cathryn l.Haigh laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural ResearchRocky Mountain Laboratories National Institutes of Health

Neurodegenerative diseases are an ever-increasing burden in an aging *** no cure is available for any of these diseases and treatment is based on managing *** many candidate therapeutics demonstrating promise in animal models,none has yet shown efficacy in human *** is self-evident that humans are different from the animals used to model our diseases,especially models that have been highly manipulated to generate a disease in an animal that does not naturally have such a *** differences are likely the reason for the failures of drug candidates in human trials but,until recently,human models of neurodegenerative diseases were *** development of the human cerebral organoid model,by differentiating three-dimensional human neuronal tissue from pluripotent stem cells,represents a significant advance in studying human brain *** organoids have been used to model Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Down’s syndrome dementia and we have now shown they can be infected with human prions creating a new model of human prion diseases.

关键词： cerebral likely spite

Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey l Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R Miles bradley A Freking U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight （and therefore reduced intrauterine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose （glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid） suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nutrient transport Placenta

Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 135-144页

作者： Jeffrey l.Vallet Jeremy R.Miles bradley A.Freking Shane Meyer USDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARQ P.O. Box 166 Clay Center NE Nebraska 68933 USA Plymouth Ag Group Diller NE Nebraska 68342 USA

Background： During late gestation the placental epithelial interface becomes highly folded, which involves changes in stromal hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is composed of glucoronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine. We hypothesized that supplementing gestating dams with glucosamine during this time would support placental folded-epithelial-bilayer development and increase litter size. In Exp. 1, gilts were unilaterally hysterectomizedovariectomized（UHO）. UHO gilts were mated and then supplemented daily with 10 g glucosamine（n = 16） or glucose（control, n = 17） from d 85 of gestation until slaughter（d 105）. At slaughter, the number of live fetuses was recorded and each live fetus and its placenta was weighed. Uterine wall samples adjacent to the largest and smallest fetuses within each litter were processed for histology. In Exp. 2, pregnant sows in a commercial sow farm were supplemented with either 10 g glucosamine or glucose daily from d 85 of gestation to farrowing. Total piglets born and born alive were recorded for each litter. In Exp. 3, the same commercial farm and same protocol were used except that the dose of glucosamine and glucose was doubled to 20 g/***： In Exp. 1, the number of live fetuses tended to be greater in glucosamine-treated UHO gilts（P = 0.098）.Placental morphometry indicated that the width of the folded bilayer was greater（P = 0.05） in glucosamine-treated gilts. In Exp. 2, litter size did not differ between glucosamine-and glucose-treated sows. However in Exp. 3, the increased dose of glucosamine resulted in a significant treatment by parity interaction（P ≤ 0.01）, in which total piglets born and born alive were greater in glucosamine treated sows of later parity（5 and 6）.Conclusions： These results indicated that glucosamine supplementation increased the width of the folds of the placental bilayer and increased litter size in later parity, intact pregnant commercial sows.

关键词： Fructose Glucosamine Hyaluronan Swine Uterine capacity

Evolutionary lineages and Functional Diversification of Plant Hexokinases

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 334-346页

作者： Rucha Karve Michael lauria Annie Virnig Xiaoxia Xia bradley l. Rauh Brandon d. Moore Department of Genetics and Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase （HXK） family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can include metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This study has two goals. The first aim is to develop a predictive method to determine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second aim is to determine whether HXK-dependent glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny ap- proach, combined with selective experimental testing, we found that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, including the relatively primitive Selaginella moellendorffi. We also found that different lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved features for catalytic activity and for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed predominantly at mitochondria, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid, and HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found that HXK glucose signaling pro- teins occur likely in all higher plants and in S. moellendorffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and/or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as widespread, conserved processes.

关键词： Hexokinase molecular phylogeny moonlighting proteins plant glucose signaling Selaginella.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GlOBAl GRASSlANDS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： Carly J.STEVENS Sofía BASTO Michael DBEll Tianxiang HAO Kevin kirkman Raul OCHOA-HUESO lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Unidad de Ecologia y Sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem *** species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands ***,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely *** vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and *** a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen *** Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland *** is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the *** paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness

Conclusions about testosterone therapy and cardiovascular risk

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 152-153页

作者： bradley D Anawalt Bu B Yeap Division of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington 98195 United States School of Medicine University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia 6150 Australia

In this issue of Asian Journal of Andrology （AJA）, several experts have reviewed l the latest data on the potential and known effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone （T） on cardiovascular risk. In the review by Meyer and Wittert, low endogenous serum T appears to be associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in certain populations such as Klinefelter syndrome and older men,

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Antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties of two medicinal plants against the wound infecting bacteria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第9期7卷 817-825页

作者： Idowu Jonas Sagbo Anthony Jide Afolayan Graeme bradley Department of Botany University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of Brachylaena elliptica and Brachylaena ilicifolia against wound infecting bacteria normally found in diabetic ***: The in vitro antioxidant activity of the two plants extracts were investigated spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) and ferric reducing power. The antibacterial assay and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method against five bacteria strains using amoxycillin and ciprofloxacin as positive control. The phytochemical analyses(tannins,total phenol, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidin, alkaloids and saponins) were assessed using standard ***: The ethanol extract of both plants exhibited strong antioxidant activities in some cases when compared to the standards(vitamin C and BHT). The antibacterial activity of both plants showed an appreciable broad spectrum activity against these wound pathogens with MIC value ranges between 0.3 mg/m l and 5 mg/m l. Tannins,phenols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins and alkaloids content of B. ilicifolia were significantly higher than those in B. elliptica. However, there were no significant differences in the flavanoid content of both plants ***: These results indicated that the ethanol leaf extracts of these plants have antioxidant and antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria possibly due to the presence of bioactive compounds and therefore could be used as alternative therapy against wound infection caused by these bacteria in diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Antioxidant Phytochemical Brachylaena elliptica Brachylaena ilicifolia Wound

Association of cardiovascular system medications with cognitive function and dementia in older adults living in nursing homes in Australia

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第6期14卷 407-415页

作者： Enwu liu Suzanne M Dyer lisa Kouladjian O'Donnell Rachel Milte Clare bradley Stephanie l Harrison Emmanuel Gnanamanickam Craig Whitehead Maria Crotty Department of Rehabilitation Aged and Extended Care Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Flinders University Daw Park Australia NHMRC Cognitive Partnership Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Kolling Institute of Medical Research St Leonards NSW Australia and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Institute for Choice University of South Australia GPO Box 2471 Adelaide SA Australia Infection & Immunity - Aboriginal Health SAHMRI PO Box 11060 Adelaide SA Australia

Objective To examine associations between cardiovascular system medication use with cognition function and diagnosis of dementia in older adults living in nursing homes in Australia. Methods As part of a cross-sectional study of 17 Australian nursing homes examining quality of life and resource use, we examined the association between cognitive impairment and cardiovascular medication use （identified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Classification System） using general linear regression and logistic regression models. People who were receiving end of life care were excluded. Results Participants included 541 residents with a mean age of 85.5 years （± 8.5）, a mean Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale–Cognitive Impairment （PAS-Cog） score of 13.3 （± 7.7）, a prevalence of cardiovascular diseases of 44% and of hypertension of 47%. Sixty-four percent of participants had been diagnosed with dementia and 72% had received cardiovascular system medications within the previous 12 months. Regression models demonstrated the use of cardiovascular medications was associated with lower （better） PAS-Cog scores [Coefficient （β） = -3.7; 95% CI： -5.2 to -2.2; P 〈 0.0001] and a lower probability of a dementia diagnosis （OR = 0.44; 95% CI： 0.26 to 0.75, P = 0.0022）. Analysis by subgroups of medications showed cardiac therapy medications （C01）, beta blocking agents （C07）, and renin-angiotensin system agents （C09） were associated with lower PAS-Cog scores （better cognition） and lower dementia diagnosis probability. Conclusions This analysis has demonstrated an association between greater cardiovascular system medication use and better cognitive status among older adults living in nursing homes. In this population, there may be differential access to health care and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. This association warrants further investigation in large cohort studies.

关键词： Cardiovascular agents Cognitive dysfunction Dementia Residential facilities