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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 264-276页

作者： Chaz Rhodes Willard Haunfelder bradley e.Carlson Department of Biology Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA

Roads may influence the selection of phenotypic traits of *** particular,the likelihood of vehicle collisions with wildlife may vary depending on body coloration in contrast to the road,which may be exaggerated by cultural attitudes toward the *** timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus is a threatened species that varies widely in coloration,and their color pattern could influence thermoregulatory use of roads and visibility to ***,better-camouflaged snakes may have higher road mortality in areas where environmental interest is lower and,perhaps,negative attitudes toward wildlife are more *** used citizen scientist observations of timber rattlesnakes from iNaturalist and categorized for each rattlesnake the surface they were on,its color pattern,and whether they were *** combined iNaturalist data with Google Trends data to characterize regional variation in environmental *** discovered that lighter-colored snakes were more likely to be found on roads,as were snakes further south,west,and on warmer *** on a road,coloration did not influence survival regardless of road type or environmental ***,snakes on asphalt roads or on southern roads were more likely to be found *** higher likelihood of lighter-colored snakes being found on roads suggests that they are at a greater overall risk of road death,potentially selecting for darker *** scientist behavior may at least partly underlie the influence of latitude on the results,however,and further work in the application of citizen science data to such research questions is warranted.

关键词： google Trends iNaturalist reptiles roadkill selection snakes

USe OF COMPeTITIONS AND CHALLeNGeS AS A MeANS OF IMPROVING OPeRATOR PeRFORMANCe AND ReLIABILITY

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1998年第1期15卷 121-127页

作者： bradley e a (Chief Consultant, eskom, Sandton, South Africa)

The main way they have of improving overall system reliability is to concentrate on human reliability if organizations are not installing new plant. Previous research by the author has shown that the main cause of system unreliability is operator unreliability. There are three main ways to deal with operator unreliability viz improve the environment, enhance the operator′s skill and increase his motivation. Of these, the last is the final untapped area for achieving significant gains in system reliability. Moves to do this by means of competitions for operators at both a local and international level are discussed, with a description of the successes so far.

关键词： system reliability competitions operation performance

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抗生素在急性胰腺炎中的应用和将来的方向

国外医药（抗生素分册） 1991年第2期12卷 126-129,136页

作者： bradley e L 胡丕华

40年来,尽管在急性胰腺炎的诊断、监护和治疗上都有明显的进步,但死亡率仍在10%～15%的范围,由于广泛地评价了急性胰腺炎时血浆容量净增值(sequestration)的重要,今天已很少有人死于血容量低下了,倒是继发性感染的发生,成为能否存活的... 详细信息

40年来,尽管在急性胰腺炎的诊断、监护和治疗上都有明显的进步,但死亡率仍在10%～15%的范围,由于广泛地评价了急性胰腺炎时血浆容量净增值(sequestration)的重要,今天已很少有人死于血容量低下了,倒是继发性感染的发生,成为能否存活的主要决定因素了。主要胰腺感染,出现于8%～10%的急性胰腺炎病人,而且在这些病人中是引起80%以上死亡的原因。急性胰腺炎总死亡率的改善,必须直接涉及感染问题。

关键词：抗生素急性胰腺炎

Differential endocannabinoid production in the hippocampus

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Differential endocannabinoid production in the hippocampus

甲苯咪唑(Mebendazole)糊剂对随机来源的猫的抗蠕虫作用

中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： David A edwards Andrew Vila Lawrence J Marnett bradley e Alger University of Maryland. Baltimore 21201 Vanderbilt University Nashville 37232 Vanderbilt University Nashville 37232 University of Maryland. Baltimore 21201

＜正＞The active ingredient of marijuana is the cannabinoid delta-9-THC. It acts in the CNS by binding to the cannabinoid receptor, CB1. endogenous cannabinoids （eCBs） are also found in the CNS and bind to the CB1 receptor. Anandamide （AeA） and 2-arachidonyl glycerol （2-AG） are the predominant eCBs in the hippocampus where they are produced and released from the CA1 pyramidal cell, travel in a retrograde direction across the synapse, and bind CB1 on pre-synaptic GABAergic terminals. Activation of CB1 suppresses GABA release and as a result CA1 cells become hyper-excitable and susceptible to long-term plasticity. Several different stimuli can cause the release of eCBs, including depolarization of the CA1 cell, activation of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors （mGluRs）, and activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Suppression of IPSCs can be measured postsynaptically as an assay of eCB activation presynaptically;however, it is not clear what eCB is released by each of these stimuli. We attempted to measure directly the eCB released after treating hippocampal slices with a high concentration of potassium, or the group I selective mGluR agonist, DHPG. The levels of 2-AG or AeA were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometrometry. The two treatments produced different patterns of eCB increase, suggesting that more than one pathway exists for eCB synthesis. This work is supported by USPHS, NIH grants to B.e.A. and L.J.M.

关键词： endocannabinoid hippocampus 2-AG AeA

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实验动物科学 1985年第3期 99-100页

作者： Richaord e bradley Larry J Peters 王玉阁

甲苯咪唑糊剂,剂量分别为22mg/kg,33mg/kg,口服三天,驱除猫自然感染的喇叭钩虫(Ancy los toma tabae forme)有高效。22mg/kg剂量疗效最高(精计驱虫率95.5％,虫体减少率98％)。同一产品,剂量分别为11mg/kg,22mg/kg和33mg/kg,对驱除自然... 详细信息

甲苯咪唑糊剂,剂量分别为22mg/kg,33mg/kg,口服三天,驱除猫自然感染的喇叭钩虫(Ancy los toma tabae forme)有高效。22mg/kg剂量疗效最高(精计驱虫率95.5％,虫体减少率98％)。同一产品,剂量分别为11mg/kg,22mg/kg和33mg/kg,对驱除自然感染的猫弓首蛔虫(Toxocara cati)疗效达100％。11mg/kg和22mg/kg,对常见丝虫一犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)有高效。实验过程中,所有的猫均未见毒副作用或临床病状。作为医学生物学研究用的猫,大部分来源于控制饲养的和随机来源的猫。这些动物,几乎都存在各种肠道蠕虫感染。在将这些动物作为无病实验动物进行研究时,适当地治疗这些感染是关键的一步。甲苯咪唑(甲基—5—苯甲酰基—苯并咪唑—2—氨基甲酸盐酯)是一种苯并咪唑的衍生物,已作为一种广谱抗蠕虫药用于人和动物。已经证明,其作用方式是不可逆地阻断了线虫葡萄糖的摄取,但不影响哺乳动物的血糖水平作为马和猫的抗蠕虫药,甲苯咪唑在美国已有出售。

关键词：甲苯咪哇驱虫率 Mebendazole 甲苯咪唑甲苯达唑犬复孔绦虫剖检虫体蛔虫减少率糊剂肠道蠕虫

Three-dimensional mapping and comparative analysis of the distal human corpus cavernosum and the inflatable penile prosthesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 567-570,I0012页

作者： Tariq S Hakky Daniel Ferguson Philippe e Spiess Paul bradley Tom FLue Rafael e Carrion Department of Urology University of South Florida Tampa General Circle Tampa FL 33602 USA 23D3Solutions Burnaby BCV5J 5M8 Canada and Department of Urology University of Southern California San Francisco 400 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA

The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using Smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the trajectory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.

关键词： corpus cavernosum penile prosthesis three-dimensional analysis

急性心肌梗死的住院质量:处理措施的关联及其与短期死亡率的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 2-页

作者： bradley e.H. Herrin J. elbel B. H.M. Krumholz 马超 Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06520-8088 United States Dr.

Context: The Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services(CMS) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations(JCAHO) measure and report quality process measures for acute myocardial infarction(AMI), but little is known about how these measures are correlated with each other and the degree to which inferences about a hospital’s outcomes can be made from its performance on publicly reported processes. Objective: To determine correlations among AMI core process measures and the degree to which they explain the variation in hospital-specific, risk-standardized, 30-day mortality rates. Design, Setting, and Participants: We assessed hospital performance in the CMS/JCAHO AMI core process measures using 2002-2003 data from 962 hospitals participating in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction(NRMI) and correlated these measures with each other and with hospital-level, risk-standardized, 30-day mortality rates derived from Medicare claims data. Main Outcome Measures: Hospital performance on AMI core measures; hospital-specific, risk-standardized, 30-day mortality rates for AMI patients aged 66 years or older. Results: We found moderately strong correlations(correlation coefficients ≥0.40; P valuese comparisons between β-blocker use at admission and discharge, aspirin use at admission and discharge, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and weaker, but statistically significant, correlations between these medication measures and smoking cessation counseling and time to reperfusion therapy measures(correlation coefficientsese process measures were significantly correlated with risk-standardized, 30-day mortality rates(P valuesether explained only 6.0%of hospital-level variation in risk-standardized, 30-day mortality rates for patients with AMI. Conclusions: The publicly reported AMI process measures capture a small proportion of the variation in hospitals’risk-standardized short

关键词：心肌梗死标化处理措施死亡率

enhanced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants by multi-stimuli activated multiferroic nanoarchitectures

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Nano Research 2020年第8期13卷 2183-2191页

作者： Fajer Mushtaq Xiangzhong Chen Harun Torlakcik bradley JNelson Salvador Pané Multi-Scale Robotics Lab(MSRL) Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems(IRIS)ETH ZurichCH-8092ZurichSwitzerland

Smart catalysts that can simultaneously utilize multiple energy sources will have a significant positive impact on the inefficiencies of conventional environmental remediation approaches,and will address their high energy *** this work,we have manufactured multiferroic magnetoelectric photocatalysts that can be simultaneously activated using multiple energy sources for the degradation of organic *** catalysts are composed of CoFe2O4@BiFeO3(CFO@BFO)nanooctahedrons(NOs),CFO@BFO nanocubes(NCs),and CFO@BFO nanowires(NWs),and were successful in harnessing energy from three different energy sources,including UV-vis light,acoustically mediated mechanical vibrations and magnetic *** CFO@BFO NOs displayed the most enhanced degradation,reaching 93%,96%,and 99%degradation of RhB dye within 1 h under light,ultrasound,and magnetic fields,*** these energy sources were used simultaneously,significantly increased reaction rates were observed compared to the single-energy source *** of radical trapping experiments indicate that radical species i.e.,OH·and O2·^-play a dominant role in catalytic degradation of organic pollutant,RhB,under all three *** results will contribute significantly to the development of new environmental technologies that are highly versatile in nature and able to adapt to changing environments to deliver efficient environmental remediation.

关键词： magnetoelectric photocatalysis nanoparticles water remediation piezoelectric

environmental sampling of volatile organic compounds during the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Leslie A.Simms eva Borras bradley S.Chew Bruno Matsui Mitchell M.McCartney Stephen K.Robinson Nicholas Kenyon Cristina e.Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute for Space Research University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA VA Northern California Health Care System 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace analysis of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during wildfires is imperative for environmental and health risk assessment. The use of gas sampling devices mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to chemically sample air during wildfires is of great interest because these devices move freely about their environment, allowing for more representative air samples and the ability to sample areas dangerous or unreachable by humans. This work presents chemical data from air samples obtained in Davis, CA during the most destructive wildfire in California's history-the 2018 Camp Fire – as well as the deployment of our sampling device during a controlled experimental fire while fixed to a UAV. The sampling mechanism was an in-house manufactured micro-gas preconcentrator(μPC) embedded onto a compact battery-operated sampler that was returned to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Compounds commonly observed in wildfires were detected during the Camp Fire using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS), including BTeX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene), benzaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene. Concentrations of BTeX were calculated and we observed that benzene and toluene were highest with average concentrations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m^(3), respectively. Numerous fire-related compounds including BTeX and aldehydes such as octanal and nonanal were detected upon experimental fire ignition, even at a much smaller sampling time compared to samples taken during the Camp Fire. Analysis of the air samples taken both stationary during the Camp Fire and mobile during an experimental fire show the successful operation of our sampler in a fire environment.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Wildfire 2018 Camp Fire Micro preconcentrators environmental sampling Mobile VOC sampling

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Auditing : 3rd ed.