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Adhesive free,conformable and washable carbon nanotube fabric electrodes for biosensing

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 940-948页

作者： Md.Milon Hossain Braden M.Li Busra sennik Jesse s.Jur Philip D.bradford Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Human Systems DivisionWright-Patterson AFBDaytonOHUSA Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright-Patterson AFBDaytonOHUSA

skin-mounted wearable electronics are attractive for continuous health monitoring and human-machine interfacing.The commonly used pre-gelled rigid and bulky electrodes cause discomfort and are unsuitable for continuous long-term monitoring applications.Here,we design carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-based electrodes that can be fabricated using different textile manufacturing processes.We propose woven and braided electrode design using CNTs wrapped textile yarns which are highly conformable to skin and measure a high-fidelity electrocardiography(ECG)signal.The skin-electrode impedance analysis revealed size-dependent behavior.To demonstrate outstanding wearability,we designed a seamless knit electrode that can be worn as a bracelet.The designed CNT-based dry electrodes demonstrated record high signal-to-noise ratios and were very stable against motion artifacts.The durability test of the electrodes exhibited robustness to laundering and practicality for reusable and sustainable applications.

关键词： electrode carbon durability

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132.祖细胞衰竭所较贫血

江西医药 1987年第6期 595-602页

作者： Alan s.keitt

造血系统包括原始的游走性多能干细胞及其后裔(后续细胞)和吸引这些细胞进行分化的某些栖息场所。后者的结构不是由干细胞的衍生物决定的,而是决定于特异性支持细胞,造血和淋巴细胞就是在它们作成的网架上活动的。这些器官都是网状内皮... 详细信息

造血系统包括原始的游走性多能干细胞及其后裔(后续细胞)和吸引这些细胞进行分化的某些栖息场所。后者的结构不是由干细胞的衍生物决定的,而是决定于特异性支持细胞,造血和淋巴细胞就是在它们作成的网架上活动的。这些器官都是网状内皮系统的组成部分,构成支持基质的成纤维和内皮细胞即以此命名。它们与有管结构有某些共同处,即为一条索和窦系统,衬血支持细胞。亚灵长类动物胎生期间,所有网状内皮系统器官都可含有

关键词：再障氯霉素氯胺苯醇抗菌素再生障碍性贫血再生不良性贫血骨髓病性贫血骨髓痨性贫血血细胞自体免疫有核红细胞骨髓纤维化骨髓增生异常祖细胞骨髓再生障碍病人细胞毒性药物体质

Biogeographical affinities and evolution of terrestrial fauna in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas:a case study of Aphidomorpha

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Zoological systematics 2023年第2期48卷 126-139页

作者： Xiaolei Huang samiran Chakrabarti Junjie Li bradford A.Hawkins Gexia Qiao state Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Key Laboratory of Zoological systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Biosystematics Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of KalyaniKalyani 741235India Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

The history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas(QTPH)region makes it a‘living laboratory'for understanding how the Earth's abiotic evolution has shaped regional biotas.However,no studies to date have attempted to investigate general macro-scale biogeographical patterns and biogeographical affinities of the QTPH terrestrial fauna in a global context.Based on the analyses of the global distributions of QTPH Aphidomorpha species,we examined generalized distribution patterns for them and investigated the biogeographical affinities between the QTPH and other regions.Track analysis and cluster analysis of the global distributions of 298 Aphidomorpha species in the QTPH identified seven generalized biogeographical tracks and eight general distribution patterns.Both approaches detected similarly generalized distribution patterns.Four marginal areas where the generalized tracks intersect,i.***.the eastern Himalayas,the western Himalayas,the Hengduan Mountains,and the northeastern QTPH,were identified as biogeographical nodes.The generalized distribution patterns indicate the biogeographical affinities between the QTPH and other regions and suggest the complex nature of the QTPH fauna.A spatial congruence between the nodes and diversity centres detected by previous studies indicates the four marginal areas have been key areas in fauna evolution as centres for faunal exchange as well as glacial refugia.Based on the biogeographical patterns,the geological history of the QTPH and the evolutionary history of Aphidomorpha,we propose an evolutionary scenario for the evolution of the QTPH aphid fauna in which faunal exchanges,vicariance due to the uplift of geographical barriers,environmental heterogeneity and Quarternary glaciations have shaped the diversity patterns and fauna in the QTPH.

关键词： Cluster analysis diversity patterns geographical barrier glacial refugia track analysis

Predation of cassowary dispersed seeds:is the cassowary an effective disperser?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 168-177页

作者： Matt G.bradford David A.WEsTCOTT CsIRO-sustainable Ecosystems Tropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQueenslandAustralia

Post-dispersal predation is a potentially significant modifier of the distribution of recruiting plants and an often unmeasured determinant of the effectiveness of a frugivore’s dispersal service.In the wet tropical forests of Austra-lia and New Guinea,the cassowary provides a large volume,long distance dispersal service incorporating benefi-cial gut processing;however,the resultant clumped deposition might expose seeds to elevated mortality.We exam-ined the contribution of post-dispersal seed predation to cassowary dispersal effectiveness by monitoring the fate of 11 species in southern cassowary(Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Linnaeus)droppings over a period of 1 year.Across all species,the rate of predation and removal was relatively slow.After 1 month,70%of seeds remained intact and outwardly viable,while the number fell to 38%after 1 year.The proportion of seeds remaining intact in droppings varied considerably between species:soft-seeded and large-seeded species were more likely to escape removal and predation.Importantly,across all species,seeds in droppings were no more likely to be predated than those left undispersed under the parent tree.We speculate that seed predating and scatter-hoarding rodents are responsible for the vast majority of predation and removal from droppings and that the few seeds which undergo secondary dispersal survive to germination.Our findings reinforce the conclusion that the cassowary is an impor-tant seed disperser;however,dispersal effectiveness for particular plant species can be reduced by massive post-dispersal seed mortality.

关键词： Australia Casuarius casuarius disperser effectiveness secondary dispersal seed shadow

Higher-Order Interactions： Understanding the knowledge capacity of social groups using simplicial sets

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 114-127页

作者： bradford R GREENING Jr Noa PINTER-WOLLMAN Nina H FEFFERMAN Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA BioCircuits Institute University of Califomia at San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA DIMACs Rutgers University 96 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

A predominant benefit of social living is the ability to share knowledge that cannot be gained through the information an individual accumulates based on its personal experience alone. Traditional computational models have portrayed sharing knowledge through interactions among members of social groups via dyadic networks. such models aim at understanding the percolation of information among individuals and groups to identify potential limitations to successful knowledge transfer. However, because many real-world interactions are not solely pairwise, i.e., several group members may obtain information from one another simultaneously, it is necessary to understand more than dyadic communication and learning processes to capture their full complexity. We detail a modeling framework based on the simplicial set, a concept from algebraic topology, which allows elegant encapsulation of multi-agent interactions. such a model system allows us to analyze how individual information within groups accumulates as the group’s collective set of knowledge, which may be different than the simple union of individually contained information. Furthermore, the simplicial modeling approach we propose allows us to investigate how information accumulates via sub-group interactions, offering insight into complex aspects of multi-way communication systems. The fundamental change in modeling strategy we offer here allows us to move from portraying knowledge as a “token”, passed from signaler to receiver, to portraying knowledge as a set of accumulating building blocks from which novel ideas can emerge. We provide an explanation of relevant mathematical concepts in a way that promotes accessibility to a general audience.

关键词：知识转移相互作用社会群体能力高阶通信系统个人经验社会生活

Reverse-Time Migration from Rugged Topography to Image Ground-Penetrating Radar Data in Complex Environments

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 661-666页

作者： John H. bradford Janna Privette David Wilkins Richard Ford Department of Geosciences Boise State University Boise ID 83725-1535 USA Department of Geosciences Weber State University Ogden UT 84408-2507 USA

探地雷达偏移成像中,基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果,本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像(reversetime migration,RTM)算法,该算法特点在于只需计算电... 详细信息

探地雷达偏移成像中,基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果,本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像(reversetime migration,RTM)算法,该算法特点在于只需计算电场,且可直接从采集面而非基准面进行波场延拓,进而实现地形逆时偏移。数值模拟比较了高程静校正偏移方法和RTM方法在地表起伏及速度横向变化情况下的成像效果,结果证明RTM方法成像效果更好。为了进一步验证算法效果,利用美国犹他州珊瑚粉沙丘崎岖地形下的实测数据对两种方法进行了对比分析。研究表明,逆时偏移成像方法能够极大地提高复杂环境下探地雷达深度成像精度。

关键词：雷达探测深度风成沉积地质学

Development of an in vitro macrophage screening system on the immunomodulating effects of feed components

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 639-648页

作者： s.E.sivinski L.K.Mamedova R.A.Rusk C.C.Elrod T.H.swartz J.M.McGill B.J.bradford Department of Animal sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattan 66506USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology Kansas State UniversityManhattan 66506USA Natural Biologics NewfieldNY 14867USA 2265K Anthony Hall 474 S.Shaw LaneEast LansingMI 48824USA

Background:While feed components capable of modulating the immune system are highly sought after and marketed,often little evidence is available to support functional immune response claims.Thus,a high-throughput in vitro cell screening system was developed to test these compounds for innate immune signaling effects,using saccharomyces cerevisiae and its cell wall components in addition to lauric acid and its esters as models in two separate experiments.This screening system utilized RAW 264.7 murine macrophages to assess live s.cerevisiae cells and s.cerevisiae-derived cell wall componentsβ-glucan,mannan,and zymosan(a crude cell wall preparation containing bothβ-glucan and mannan).D-mannose was also evaluated as the monomer of mannan.We also examined the effect of a saturated fatty acid(C12:0,lauric acid)and its esters(methyl laurate and glycerol monolaurate)on innate immune cell activation and cellular metabolism.RAW cells were transfected with a vector that drives expression of alkaline phosphatase upon promoter activation of nuclear factorκ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NFκB),a major inflammatory/immune transcription factor.RAW cells were incubated with 0.01,0.1 or 1 mg/mL of yeast compounds alone or RAW cells were challenged with LPs and then incubated with yeast compounds.In a separate experiment,RAW cells were incubated with 0,0.5,2.5,12.5,62.5,and 312.5μmol/L of lauric acid,methyl laurate,or glycerol monolaurate alone,or RAW cells were challenged with LPs and then incubated with fatty acid treatments.Results:Treatment with zymosan orβ-glucan alone induced NFκB activation in a dose-dependent manner,whereas treatment with D-mannose,mannan,or live s.cerevisiae cells did not.Post-treatment with mannan after an LPs challenge decreased NFκB activation,suggesting that this treatment may ameliorate LPs-induced inflammation.slight increases in NFκB activation were found when fatty acid treatments were applied in the absence of LPs,yet substantial reductions in NFκB activation were seen when treatments

关键词： Inflammation In vitro screening system NFκB

Degree One Loading by Pressure Variations at the CMB

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Journal of Earth science 2013年第5期24卷 736-749页

作者： Ming Fang bradford H Hager Weijia Kuang Department of Earth Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Hemispherical asymmetry in core dynamics induces degree-1 pressure variations at the core mantle boundary （CMB）, which in turn deforms the overlaying elastic mantle, at the same time keeps center of mass of the whole Earth stationary in space. We develop a systematic procedure to deal with the degree-1 CMB pressure loading. We find by direct calculation a surprisingly negative load Love number h1=-1.425 for vertical displacement. Further analysis indicates that the negative hi corre- sponds to thickening above the positive load that defies intuition that pressure inflation pushes over- laying material up and thins the enveloping shell. We also redefine the pressure load Love numbers in general to enable comparison between the surface mass load and the CMB pressure load for the whole spectrum of harmonic degrees. We find that the gravitational perturbations from the two kinds of loads at degrees n〉l are very similar in amplitude but opposite in sign. In particular, if the CMB pressure variation at degree 2 is at the level of -1 hpa/yr （1 cm water height per year）, it would perturb the variation of Earth＇s oblateness, known as the J2, at the observed level.

关键词： Degree One Loading by Pressure Variations at the CMB MRsP

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A daughter's truth

A daughter's truth