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Urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes in transitional economies in the global south:a case of Yangon

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 929-945页

作者： Peilei Fan Jiquan Chen Cadi Fung Zaw Naing Zutao Ouyang Khaing Moe Nyunt Zin Nwe Myint Jiaguo Qi Joseph P.Messina Soe W.Myint brad G.Peter School of Planning Designand Construction and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Geography Environmentand Spatial Sciences and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Mandalay Technology YangonMyanmar Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Yangon City Development Committee YangonMyanmar Yangon University YangonMyanmar College of Arts and Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5302USA Department of Geosciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701PUSA

Background:Transitional economies in Southeast Asia—a distinct group of developing countries—have experienced rapid urbanization in the past several decades due to the economic transition that fundamentally changed the function of their economies,societies and the ***,one of the least developed transitional economies in Southeast Asia,increased urbanization substantially from 25%in 1990 to 31%in ***,major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the changes in urban land use and land cover and environment and their drivers in its ***:We studied Yangon,the largest city in Myanmar,for the urbanization,environmental changes,and the underlying driving forces in a radically transitioned economy in the developing *** on satellite imagery and historic land use maps,we quantified the expansion of urban built-up land and constructed the land conversion matrix from 1990 through *** also used three air pollutants to illustrate the changes in environmental *** analyzed the coupled dynamics among urbanization,economic development,and environmental *** conducting a workshop with 20 local experts,we further analyzed the influence of human systems and natural systems on Yangon’s urbanization and ***:The city of Yangon expanded urban built-up land rapidly from 1990 to 2000,slowed down from 2000 to 2010,but gained momentum again from 2010 to 2020,with most newly added urban built-up land appearing to be converted from farmland and green land in both 1990–2000 and 2010–***,the air pollutant concen-tration of CO decreased,but that of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)increased in recent years.A positive correlation exists between population and economic development and the concentration of PM_(2.5)is highly associated with population,the economy,and the number of ***,the expert panel also identified other potential drivers for urbanization,including the extreme climate event of Cyclone Nargi

关键词： Urbanization Economic development Environmental change Transitional economy Globalization Extreme climate event Capital relocation Myanmar

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PLGA nanodepots co-encapsulating prostratin and anti-CD25 enhance primary natural killer cell antiviral and antitumor function

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Nano Research 2020年第3期13卷 736-744页

作者： Elizabeth E.Sweeney Preethi B.Balakrishnan Allison B.Powell Allan Bowen Indra Sarabia Rachel A.Burga R.brad Jones Alberto Bosque C.Russell Y.Cruz Rohan Fernandes The George Washington Cancer Center The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20052USA Center for Cancer and Immunology Research Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDC20010USA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Tropical MedicineThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20052USA Infectious Disease Division Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY10065USA View author publications Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20052USA

Natural killer(NK)cells are attractive effector cells of the innate immune system against human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and ***,NK cell therapies are limited by the fact that target cells evade NK cells,for example,in latent reservoirs(in HIV)or through upregulation of inhibitory signals(in cancer).To address this limitation,we describe a biodegradable nanoparticlebased“priming”approach to enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived NK *** present poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanodepots(NDs)that co-encapsulate prostratin,a latency-reversing agent,and anti-CD25(aCD25),a cell surface binding antibody,to enhance primary NK cell function against HIV and *** utilize a nanoemulsion synthesis scheme to encapsulate both prostratin and aCD25 within the PLGA NDs(termed Pro-aCD25-NDs).Physicochemical characterization studies of the NDs demonstrated that our synthesis scheme resulted in stable and monodisperse *** NDs successfully released both active prostratin and anti-CD25,and with controllable release *** Pro-aCD25-NDs were administered in an in vitro model of latent HIV and acute T cell leukemia using J-Lat 10.6 cells,the NDs were observed to prime J-Lat cells resulting in significantly increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity compared to free prostratin plus anti-CD25,and other *** findings demonstrate the feasibility of using our Pro-aCD25-NDs to prime target cells for enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells as antiviral or antitumor agents.

关键词： poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanodepots natural killer(NK)cells human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) cancer latency-reversing agent antibody

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趣味电子制作

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作者： (美)brad Graham (美)Kathy McGowan

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用AngularJS开发下一代Web应用

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作者： (美)brad Green (美)Shyam Seshadri

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Amnion epithelial cells——a novel therapy for ischemic stroke?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1346-1349页

作者： Megan A.Evans brad R.S.Broughton Grant R.Drummond Henry Ma Thanh G.Phan Euan M.Wallace Rebecca Lim Christopher G.Sobey Department of Physiology Anatomy & Microbiology La Trobe University Cardiovascular Disease Program Department of Pharmacology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Department of Medicine Monash University The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and new therapies are desperately needed. Given the complex nature of ischemic brain injury, it has been postulated that cell-based therapies may be useful. However, cell resources, invasive extraction procedures, immunological rejection, tumorigenesis and ethical challenges make it unlikely that many stem cell types could serve as a practical source for therapy. By contrast, these issues do not pertain to human amnion epithelial cells（h AECs）, which are placenta-derived stem cells. We recently assessed the effects of systemically delivered hAECs on stroke outcome using four animal models of stroke. We demonstrated that when injected intravenously after ischemia onset, hAECs migrate preferentially to the spleen and injured brain to limit apoptosis and inflammation, and attenuate early brain infiltration of immune cells, progression of infarction and systemic immunosuppression and to ultimately ameliorate functional deficits. When administration of hAECs is delayed by 1-3 days poststroke, long-term functional recovery can still be enhanced in young and aged mice of either sex. Moreover, our proof-of-principle findings suggest that h AECs are effective at limiting post-stroke infarct development in non-human primates. Overall, the results suggest that hAECs could be a viable clinical stroke therapy.

关键词： ischemic stroke cerebral infarction stem cells human amnion epithelial cells inflammation immunosuppression brain repair mouse non-human primate

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BLOOD FLOW AUTO REGULATION CHANGE IN BILATERAL OPTIC ATROPHY

BLOOD FLOW AUTO REGULATION CHANGE IN BILATERAL OPTIC ATROPHY

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第十八届国际眼科研究大会

作者： brad Fortune Grant Cull George A Cioffi Discoveries in Sight Devers Eye Institute

＜正＞Autoregulation is an important mechanism to maintain stable regional blood flow while the perfusion pressure fluctuates and/or to adjust the blood flow to adapt to a metabolic change of a *** optic atrophy （BOA...

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MySQL/PHP数据库应用开发指南

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丛书名： “高级开发工具”丛书

2001年

作者：（美）Jay Greenspan brad Bulger 陈孟建等译

本书内容包括：使用MySQL、创建和修改表的SQL语言、使用select语句得到所需的信息、使用PHP和简单的应用程序等。

ISBN: (纸本)7505370197

本书内容包括：使用MySQL、创建和修改表的SQL语言、使用select语句得到所需的信息、使用PHP和简单的应用程序等。

关键词： PHP语言互连网络数据库管理系统关系型数据库程序设计

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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The training process： Planning for strength-power training in track and field. Part 1： Theoretical aspects

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 308-317页

作者： brad H. DeWeese Guy Hornsby Meg Stone Michael H. Stone Exercise and Sport Science Center of Excellence Jor Sport Science and Coach Education East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN 37614 USA Kinesiology and Health Sciences Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA

The process of strength-power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders, and doses exercises and loading patterns. Consequently, adaptation from these training factors may largely relate to the mode of delivery, in other words, programming tactics. There is strong evidence that the manner and phases in which training is presented to the athlete can make a profound difference in performance outcome. This discussion deals primarily with block periodization concepts and associated methods of programming for strength-power training within track and field. 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.

关键词： Periodization Strength-power training Track and field Training process

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Interventions to improve daily activity in individuals with COPD and CHF: A systematic review

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2013年第3期3卷 275-286页

作者： Michael J. Shoemaker Brian Keenoy brad Smith Patrick Slotman Department of Physical Therapy Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids USA

Introduction: The purpose was to systematically review the literature regarding interventions to improve daily activity in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: Articles found by searching CINAHL Plus Full-Text, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were included in the review if the study examined the effect of exercise- and/or psychosocial-based interventions on daily activity in individuals with COPD or CHF. Article selection, data extraction, and evaluation of methodological rigor and quality were performed by two independent reviewers. Nine articles for COPD and seven articles for CHF met the inclusion criteria and were used in this review. Results: Only four of nine studies in COPD and two of seven studies in CHF resulted in improvement in daily activity, and of those, all but one study included a psychosocial-based intervention. Improvements in daily activity did not occur concurrently with changes in other outcomes such as exercise performance, quality of life, functional status, or anxiety/depression in COPD or CHF. Conclusions: Exercise-based interventions serve a limited, if any, role in improving daily activity in individuals with COPD and CHF. Disrupting the cycle of inactivity and deconditioning requires more than just addressing the deconditioning aspect of this cycle. Psychosocial-based interventions are a promising, but under-investigated, intervention.

关键词： Heart Failure Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Daily Activity

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高温条件下的回火研究

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煤气与热力 1990年第6期10卷 42-45页

作者： brad.,BN 左耀龄英国索尔福德大学

本文介绍在高温条件下为获得使用第二族和第三族燃具检验测试燃气的实际火孔回火数据的试验设备及试验步骤。给出了在不同火孔长度与孔径比值条件下熄火孔径和极限孔径对试验结果使用计算机进行了处理,熄火孔径与温度之间关系的公式连... 详细信息

本文介绍在高温条件下为获得使用第二族和第三族燃具检验测试燃气的实际火孔回火数据的试验设备及试验步骤。给出了在不同火孔长度与孔径比值条件下熄火孔径和极限孔径对试验结果使用计算机进行了处理,熄火孔径与温度之间关系的公式连同对进一步研究的方向的建议在文章中也给予介绍。

关键词：高温燃具回火

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