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Estimating the Dr.ught-Induced Yield Loss for.Winter.Wheat in a Semi-Ar.d r.gion of the Souther. United States Using a Dr.ught Index

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Pr.m Woli Qingwu Xue Ger.ld r. Smith Char.es r. Long Fr.ncis M. r.uquette Jr. Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most r.r.l locations in the semi-ar.d r.gion of Llano Estacado in the souther. United States is pr.dominantly based on agr.cultur., pr.mar.ly beef and wheat (Tr.ticum aestivum L.) pr.duction. This r.gion is pr.ne to dr.ught and is pr.jected to exper.ence a dr.er.climate. Dr.ughts that coincide with the cr.tical phenological phases of a cr.p can be r.mar.ably costly. Although dr.ught cannot be pr.vented, its losses can be minimized thr.ugh mitigation measur.s if it is pr.dicted in advance. Pr.dicting yield loss fr.m an imminent dr.ught is an impor.ant need of stakeholder.. One way to fulfill this need is using an agr.cultur.l dr.ught index, such as the Agr.cultur.l r.fer.nce Index for.Dr.ught (Ar.D). Being plant physiology-based, Ar.D can r.pr.sent dr.ught-yield r.lationships accur.tely. This study developed an Ar.D-based yield model for.pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat in this r.gion by accounting for.its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water.str.ss. The r.asonable values of the dr.ught sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could r.flect the phenomenon of water.str.ss decr.asing the winter.wheat yields in this r.gion r.asonably. The values of the var.ous metr.cs used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and per.entage er.or.(26), indicated that the yield model per.or.ed fair.y well at pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat. The yield model may be useful for.pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat in the study r.gion and scheduling ir.igation allocation based on phenological phase-specific dr.ught sensitivity.

关键词： Ar.D Dr.ught Dr.ught index Gr.wth-stage Model Phenological-Phase Pr.diction Semi-Ar.d Wheat Yield

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Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal r.botic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Depar.amento de Ingenier.a de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intr.nsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal r.bots on a sloping r.mp is a subject of inter.st for.numer.us *** distinguishes the pr.sent r.sear.h fr.m similar.wor.s is the consider.tion of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of r.botic *** is not a far.fetched assumption because in the tr.nsient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive for.es which ar. applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibration modes incr.ases ***,the human leg bones that ar. involved in walking ar. suppor.ed by viscoelastic muscles and ***,for.achieving mor. exact r.sults,it is essential to model the r.bot links with viscoelastic *** this end,the Gibbs-Appell for.ulation and Newton's kinematic impact law ar. used to der.ve the most gener.l for. of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and tr.nsient phases of *** most impor.ant issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal r.bots is the deter.ination of the initial r.bot configur.tion with which the system could accomplish a per.odic and stable gait solely under.the effect of gr.vitational *** extr.mely unstable natur. of the system studied in this paper.and the vibrations caused by the impulsive for.es induced by the impact of r.bot feet with the inclined sur.ace ar. some of the ver. ser.ous challenges encounter.d for.achieving the above-mentioned *** over.ome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linear.zed equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebraic motion equations in the tr.nsition phase is pr.sented in this paper.to obtain an eigenvalue *** solving this pr.blem,the suitable initial conditions that ar. necessar. for.the passive gait of this bipedal r.bot on a sloping sur.ace ar. *** effects of the char.cter.stic par.meter. of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of

关键词： bipedal r.bot flexible link swing phase tr.nsient phase eigenvalue pr.blem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient

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Feynman Path Integr.l Using Oper.tor.Integr.tion in Banach Space

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Jour.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第2期12卷 432-444页

作者： r.za r. Ahangar.Er.il Cetin Ser.fe Muge Ege Mathematics Depar.ment Texas A&M University Kingsville USA Mathematics Depar.ment Ege University Bornova Türkiye

Feynman-Path Integr.l in Banach Space: In 1940, r.P. Feynman attempted to find a mathematical r.pr.sentation to expr.ss quantum dynamics of the gener.l for. for.a double-slit exper.ment. His intuition on sever.l slits with sever.l walls in ter.s of Lagr.ngian instead of Hamiltonian r.sulted in a magnificent wor.. It was known as Feynman Path Integr.ls in quantum physics, and a lar.e par. of the scientific community still consider. them a heur.stic tool that lacks a sound mathematical definition. This paper.aims to r.fute this pr.judice, by pr.viding an extensive and self-contained descr.ption of the mathematical theor. of Feynman Path Integr.tion, fr.m the ear.ier.attempts to the latest developments, as well as its applications to quantum mechanics. About a hundr.d year. after.the beginning of moder. physics, it was r.alized that light could in fact show behavior.l char.cter.stics of both waves and par.icles. In 1927, Davisson and Ger.er.demonstr.ted that electr.ns show the same dual behavior. which was later.extended to atoms and molecules. We shall follow the method of integr.tion with some modifications to constr.ct a gener.lized Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes (LBS) integr.l of the for. , wher. u is a bilinear.oper.tor.acting in the pr.duct of Banach spaces, f is a Bochner.summable function, and μ is a vector.valued measur.. We will demonstr.te that the Feynman Path Integr.l is consistent and can be justified mathematically with LBS integr.tion appr.ach.

关键词： Feynman Path Integr.l Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes Integr.l Oper.tor.Integr.l Par.icle-Wave Function Oper.tor.Integr.tion Position and Momentum Oper.tor.

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Investigating the inflow into a gr.nular.bed using a locally r.solved method

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Par.icuology 2024年第2期85卷 89-101页

作者： Maximilian brommer.Maik Schar.owski Enr.c Illana Mahiques Siegmar.Wir.z Viktor.Scher.r r.hr.Univer.ity Bochum Institute of Energy Plant TechnologyUniversitätsstraβe 15044780BochumGermany

Discr.te Element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics(DEM/CFD)simulations of industr.al-scale gr.nular.systems employ spatial aver.ging(por.us media appr.ach)for.the fluid-par.icle inter.ction in the whole domain,which can lead to poor.accur.cy,for.instance at flow inlets,as local par.icle bulk mor.hology is not *** paper.pr.sents an appr.ach wher. the inter.titial flow in cr.cial ar.as with lar.e gr.dients can be r.solved locally in an other.ise unr.solved domain,so that a mixed r.solved-unr.solved method is *** a gener.c example to show the feasibility and per.or.ance of the new appr.ach,the inflow of ambient air.into a flat-bottom hopper.thr.ugh a nar.ow or.fice is *** an exper.mental setup,the ver.ical pr.file of the pr.ssur. decay thr.ugh the inlet and acr.ss the packing is chosen for.com-par.son with r.spective *** obtained with the conventional por.us media method and the locally r.solved appr.ach ar. compar.d to these exper.ments for.var.ing volume flow r.tes and for.two differ.nt par.icle *** of differ.nt size as well as dodecahedr.ns ar. *** is found that although aver.ging methods alr.ady pr.vide good appr.ximations,the locally r.solved method can impr.ve the r.sult especially when conventional dr.g laws ar. not applicable due to wall effects or.if lar.e velocity gr.dients exist.

关键词： DEM/CFD Packed bed Pr.ssur. dr.p

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Hologr.phic dar. ener.y in non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.

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Communications in Theor.tical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： H r.Fazlollahi Institute of Gr.vitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

r.cently, r.consider.ng the r.stall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) thr.ugh r.lativistic ther.odynamics gives a new for. for.the scalar.field α which led us to constr.ct moder. modified theor. of gr.vity debugged ‘non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.’ Fazlollahi 2023 Eur.. Phys. J. C 83 923. This theor. unlike other.modified theor.es of gr.vity cannot dir.ctly explain the cur.ent acceler.tion expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or.existence of other.for.s of dar. ener.y. Hence, in this study we have r.investigated hologr.phic dar. ener.y Ρ_(X)~H^(2) in the non-conser.ed theor. of gr.vity. In this context, the density and pr.ssur. of dar. ener.y depend on the non-conser.ed ter. and density of the dust matter.field. As shown, due to non-conser.ation effects on lar.e-scale str.ctur.s, unlike the or.ginal hologr.phic model, our.model onsets an acceler.tion epoch for.the cur.ent Univer.e satisfies obser.ations. Mor.over. the inter.ction and viscous scenar.os ar. studied for.this model.

关键词： non-conser.ed gr.vity covar.ant for. of ther.odynamics hologr.phic dar. ener.y

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Navigating AI Cyber.ecur.ty: Evolving Landscape and Challenges

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Jour.al of Intelligent Lear.ing Systems and Applications 2024年第3期16卷 155-174页

作者： Mar.am r.shanaei Mahir.r. Khan Natalie N. Sylvester IST Depar.ment Pennsylvania State University Abington Abington USA

The r.pid integr.tion of ar.ificial intelligence (AI) into cr.tical sector. has r.vealed a complex landscape of cyber.ecur.ty challenges that ar. unique to these advanced technologies. AI systems, with their.extensive data dependencies and algor.thmic complexities, ar. susceptible to a broad spectr.m of cyber.thr.ats that can under.ine their.functionality and compr.mise their.integr.ty. This paper.pr.vides a detailed analysis of these thr.ats, which include data poisoning, adver.ar.al attacks, and systemic vulner.bilities that ar.se fr.m the AI’s oper.tional and infr.str.ctur.l fr.mewor.s. This paper.cr.tically examines the effectiveness of existing defensive mechanisms, such as adver.ar.al tr.ining and thr.at modeling, that aim to for.ify AI systems against such vulner.bilities. In r.sponse to the limitations of cur.ent appr.aches, this paper.explor.s a compr.hensive fr.mewor. for.the design and implementation of r.bust AI systems. This fr.mewor. emphasizes the development of dynamic, adaptive secur.ty measur.s that can evolve in r.sponse to new and emer.ing cyber.thr.ats, ther.by enhancing the r.silience of AI systems. Fur.her.or., the paper.addr.sses the ethical dimensions of AI cyber.ecur.ty, highlighting the need for.str.tegies that not only pr.tect systems but also pr.ser.e user.pr.vacy and ensur. fair.ess acr.ss all oper.tions. In addition to cur.ent str.tegies and ethical concer.s, this paper.explor.s futur. dir.ctions in AI cyber.ecur.ty.

关键词： AI Cyber.ecur.ty Adver.ar.al Attacks Defensive Str.tegies Ethical AI

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Enhancing Cyber.ecur.ty thr.ugh AI and ML: Str.tegies, Challenges, and Futur. Dir.ctions

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Jour.al of Infor.ation Secur.ty 2024年第3期15卷 320-339页

作者： Mar.am r.shanaei Mahir.r. Khan Natalie N. Sylvester Infor.ation Sciences and Technology Depar.ment Pennsylvania State University Abington USA

The landscape of cyber.ecur.ty is r.pidly evolving due to the advancement and integr.tion of Ar.ificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Lear.ing (ML). This paper.explor.s the cr.cial r.le of AI and ML in enhancing cyber.ecur.ty defenses against incr.asingly sophisticated cyber.thr.ats, while also highlighting the new vulner.bilities intr.duced by these technologies. Thr.ugh a compr.hensive analysis that includes histor.cal tr.nds, technological evaluations, and pr.dictive modeling, the dual-edged natur. of AI and ML in cyber.ecur.ty is examined. Significant challenges such as data pr.vacy, continuous tr.ining of AI models, manipulation r.sks, and ethical concer.s ar. addr.ssed. The paper.emphasizes a balanced appr.ach that lever.ges technological innovation alongside r.gor.us ethical standar.s and r.bust cyber.ecur.ty pr.ctices. This appr.ach facilitates collabor.tion among var.ous stakeholder. to develop guidelines that ensur. r.sponsible and effective use of AI in cyber.ecur.ty, aiming to enhance system integr.ty and pr.vacy without compr.mising secur.ty.

关键词： Ar.ificial Intelligence Machine Lear.ing Cyber.ecur.ty Data Pr.vacy and Secur.ty Ethical Standar.s

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Assessment of r.inwater.Quality in War.i and Envir.n, Souther. Niger.a for.Domestic Pur.oses

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2024年第6期12卷 255-268页

作者： Iwekumo E. Agbozu Tobor. r. Maminor.Uwem Bassey Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Depar.ment of Science Labor.tor. Technology Delta State University Abraka Nigeria

The study aimed at assessing the physiochemical char.cter.stics of r.inwater.in War.i and it envir.n was investigated. Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Cr.concentr.tions in r.inwater.fr.m r.of and non-r.of sour.es wer. deter.ined using Atomic Absor.tion Spectr.photometr.. Thr.e geospatial locations compr.sing Jakpa, Udu, and Ubeji wer. selected based on pr.vailing anthr.pogenic activities. The r.inwater.samples wer. systematically collected fr.m (aluminum) r.of and non-r.of sour.es for.the months of Apr.l, June, and August and October.2022, tr.ated and analyzed in the labor.tor. for.sixteen physicochemical par.meter.. r.sults wer. statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and T-test for.the deter.ination of the level of r.lationships and var.ations acr.ss geospatial locations. Significant cor.elations (r.= 0.72) exist between Cr.in r.inwater.fr.m r.of and non-r.of sour.es. Implying point-sour.e contaminations and may be emanating fr.m the influence of r.of mater.als. Fur.her.or., high concentr.tions of Cd and Pb in r.of sour.e above WHO standar.s wer. mostly in Jakpa and Ubeji. Calculated Health r.sk Index (Hr.) for.childr.n and adult is gr.ater.than 1. The r.sults showed that most samples fr.m the locations ar. consider.d not safe (Hr. > 1) especially for.Cd, which means that ther. ar. potential health r.sks consuming r.inwater.fr.m Jakpa, Udu and Ubeji. Ther.for., ther. is need for.pr.mpt sensitization pr.gr.m to dissuade people fr.m dir.ctly dr.nking r.inwater.fr.m these locations.

关键词： Water.Quality Health r.sks r.inwater Heavy Metals War.i Envir.ns

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Bior.mediation Potential of the Macr.alga Ulva lactuca (Chlor.phyta) for.Ammonium r.moval in Elastomer.Industr. Wastewater

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第6期15卷 325-343页

作者： Diego Lelis Alex Enr.ch-Pr.st Camille r. Chaves Thuane Mendes Anacleto r.ber.a r. C. Per.ir. Vinicius P. de Oliveir. Pr.gr.ma de Ps-Gr.duao em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Biopr.cessos Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Unidade Multiusur.o de Anlises Ambientais Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute of Mar.ne Science Federal University of So Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP) Santos Brazil Depar.ment of Thematic StudiesEnvir.nmental Change and Biogas Solutions r.sear.h Center.(BSr.) Linkping University Linkping Sweden Depar.ment of Mar.ne Biology Institute of Biology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Dur.ng the pr.duction of nitr.le r.bber. significant amounts of nitr.gen in the for. of ammonium ar. gener.ted in the wastewater. The dischar.e of this high-nitr.gen wastewater.can lead to ser.ous envir.nmental issues, including eutr.phication, disr.ption of aquatic ecosystems, and gr.undwater.contamination. To mitigate these impacts, this r.sear.h explor.d the bior.mediation capabilities of the macr.algae Ulva lactuca (Chlor.phyta) for.r.moving nitr.gen fr.m nitr.le r.bber.pr.duction wastewater. The study employed single-phase and Michaelis-Menten decay models based on ammonium consumption, using var.ous dilutions of wastewater.to identify the optimal concentr.tion for.tr.atment. The physiological state of the macr.algae was monitor.d by measur.ng the photosynthetic capacity and specific gr.wth r.te dur.ng the exper.ments. In the pr.sence of U. lactuca, ammonium concentr.tions decr.ased in all tr.atment gr.ups, confir.ing that the ammonium kinetics confor.ed to both applied models. Our.r.sults show that U. lactuca effectively r.duces ammonium concentr.tions, with an appr.ximate r.moval r.te of 0.020 µM·g−1·min−1 acr.ss differ.nt wastewater.concentr.tions (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%). Notably, the tr.atments with 70%, 80%, and 90% wastewater.str.ngth achieved about 67% r.duction in ammonium, demonstr.ting the alga’s capacity to tr.at high-nitr.gen wastewater. The photosynthetic per.or.ance of U. lactuca initially declined in contr.l conditions but stabilized acr.ss all tr.atments, highlighting its adaptability. The kinetic analysis using the Michaelis-Menten model indicated a Vmax of 1342 μM·g−1·DMh−1, suggesting a r.bust capacity for.ammonium uptake when fully satur.ted. Our.study under.cor.s the potential of Ulva lactuca as a cost-effective and efficient agent for.wastewater.bior.mediation, par.icular.y in settings with high nitr.gen loads.

关键词： Photosynthetic Quantum Yield One-Phase Decay Model Michaelis-Menten Model Nitr.gen Physiological Par.meter. Elastomer.

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Pile foundation in alter.ate layer.d liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposits subjected to ear.hquake loading

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Ear.hquake Engineer.ng and Engineer.ng Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 359-376页

作者： Pr.veen Huded M Sur.sh r.Dash LEA Associates South East Asia Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi 110044India Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Khurda 752050India

Pile foundations ar. still the pr.fer.ed foundation system for.high-r.se str.ctur.s in ear.hquake-pr.ne *** foundations have exper.enced failur.s in past ear.hquakes due to *** on pile foundations in liquefiable soils has pr.mar.ly focused on the pile foundation behavior.in two or.thr.e-layer.d soil ***,in natur.l occur.ence,it may occur.in alter.ative layer. of liquefiable and non-liquefiable ***,the exper.mental and/or.numer.cal studies on the layer.d effect on pile foundations have not been widely addr.ssed in the *** of the design codes acr.ss the wor.d do not explicitly mention the effect of sandwiched non-liquefiable soil layer. on the pile *** the pr.sent study,the behavior.of an end-bear.ng pile in layer.d liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposit is studied *** study found that the kinematic bending moment is higher.and gover.s the design when the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer.is consider.d in the analysis as opposed to when its effect is ***,ignor.ng the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer.in a liquefiable soil deposit might be a nonconser.ative design appr.ach.

关键词： pile foundation liquefaction alter.ately layer.d soil fixity effect layer.d effect

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