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High-nickel insects and nickel hyperaccumulator plants： A review

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Insect science 2009年第1期16卷 19-31页

作者： Robert s. boyd Department of Biological sciences 101 Life Sciences Building Auburn University Alabama 36849-5407 USA

Insects can vary greatly in whole-body elemental concentrations. Recent investigations of insects associated with Ni hyperaccumulator plants have identified insects with relatively elevated whole-body Ni levels. Evaluation of the limited data available indicates that a whole-body Ni concentration of 500μg Ni/g is exceptional： I propose that an insect species with a mean value of 500μg Ni/g or greater, in either larval/nymphal or adult stages, be considered a ＂high-Ni insect＂. Using the 500μg Ni/g criterion, 15 species ofhigh-Ni insects have been identified to date from studies in Mpumalanga （south Africa）, New Caledonia and California （UsA）. The highest mean Ni concentration reported is 3 500 μg Ni/g for nymphs of a south African stenoscepa species （Orthoptera： Pyrgomorphidae）. The majority of high-Ni insects （66%） are heteropteran herbivores. studies of high-Ni insect host preference indicate they are monophagous （or nearly so） on a particular Ni hyperaccumulator plant species. Much of the Ni in bodies of these insects is in their guts （up to 66%-75%）, but elevated levels have also been found in Malpighian tubules, suggesting efficient elimination as one strategy for dealing with a high-Ni diet. Tissue levels of Ni are generally much lower than gut concentrations, but up to 1200μg Ni/g has been reported from exuviae, suggesting that molting may be another pathway of Ni elimination. One ecological function of the high Ni concentration of these insects may be to defend them against natural enemies, but to date only one experimental test has supported this ＂elemental defense＂ hypothesis. Community-level studies indicate that high-Ni insects mobilize Ni into food webs but that bioaccumulation of Ni does not occur at either plant-herbivore or herbivorepredator steps. Unsurprisingly, Ni bioaccumulation indices are greater for high-Ni insects compared to other insect species that feed on Ni hyperaccumulator plants. There is some evidence of Ni mobilization into food webs

关键词： bioaccumulation elemental defense heavy metals herbivore defense,hyperaccumulation metal tolerance nickel

Lygus hesperus （Heteroptera： Miridae） tolerates high concentrations of dietary nickel

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Insect science 2007年第3期14卷 201-205页

作者： ROBERT s. boyd Department of Biological sciences Auburn University Alabama USA

Nickel hyperaccumulator plants contain unusually elevated levels of Ni （〉 1 000 μg Ni/g）. some insect herbivores, including Lygus hesperus （Western tarnished plant bug）, have been observed feeding on the California Ni hyperaccumulator streptanthus polygaloides. This bug may be able to utilize s. polygaloides as a host either through its feeding behavior or by physiological tolerance of Ni. This experiment determined the Ni tolerance of L hesperus by offering insects artificial diet amended with 0, 0.4, 1, 2, 4.5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol Ni/L and recording survival. survival varied due to Ni concentration, with diets containing 10 mmol Ni/L and greater resulting in significantly lower survival compared to the control （0 mmol Ni/L） treatment. Insects tolerated diet containing as much as 4.5 mmol Ni/L, a relatively elevated Ni concentration. I conclude that L hesperus can feed on s. polygaloides because it is Ni-tolerant, probably due to physiological mechanisms that provide it with resistance to plant chemical defenses including elemental defenses such as hyperaccumulated Ni.

关键词： elemental defense heavy metals herbivore defense hyperaccumulation metal tolerance nickel

Host plant selection of Chrysolina clathrata （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） from Mpumalanga, south Africa

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Insect science 2009年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Robert s. boyd Micheal A. Davis Michael A. Wall Kevin Balkwill Department of Biological sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama Department of Biological sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

Hyperaccumulated elements such as Ni may defend plants against some natural enemies whereas other enemies may circumvent this defense. The Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii Roessler （Asteraceae） is a host plant species for Chrysolina clathrata （Clark）, which suffers no apparent harm by consuming its leaf tissue. Beetle specimens collected from B. coddii had a whole body Ni concentration of 260μg/g dry weight, despite consuming leaf material containing 15 100μg Ni/g. Two experiments were conducted with adults of this beetle species： a no-choice experiment and a choice experiment. In the nochoice experiment we offered beetles foliage of one of four speeies ofBerkheya： B. coddii, B. rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell., B. echinacea （Harv.） O. Hoffm. ex Burtt Davey, and B. insignis （Harv.） Thell. The two former species are Ni hyperaccumulators （defined as having leafNi concentration 〉 1 000 μg/g） whereas the latter have low Ni levels （〈 200 μg/g） in their leaves. Masses of beetles were monitored for 6 days. Choice experiments used growing stem tips from the same Berkheya species, placed into Petri dishes with five Chrysolina beetles in each, and the amount of feeding damage caused on each of the four species was recorded. Beetles in the no-choice experiment gained mass when offered B. coddii, maintained mass on leaves of the other Ni hyperaccumulator （B. rehmannii var. rogersiana）, and lost mass when offered non-hyperaccumulator leaves. In the choice test, beetles strongly preferred B. coddii to other Berkheya species. We conclude that C. clathrata may be host-specific on B. coddii.

关键词： Berkheya coddii bioaccumulation heavy metals host plant specialist nickel

Host-herbivore studies of stenoscepa sp. （Orthoptera：Pyrgomorphidae）, a high-Ni herbivore of the south African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii （Asteraceae）

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Insect science 2007年第2期14卷 133-143页

作者： ROBERT s. boyd MICHEAL A. DAVIs MICHAEL A. WALL KEVIN BALKWILL Department of Biological sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Biological sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Nymphs of stenoscepa sp. feed on leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii at serpentine sites in Mpumalanga Province, south Africa. These sites contain Ni hyperaccumulators, Ni accumulators, and plants with Ni concentrations in the normal range. We conducted studies to：（i） determine the whole-body metal concentration of nymphs （including those starved to empty their guts）; （ii） compare stenoscepa sp. nymphs against other grasshoppers in the same habitat for whole-body metal concentrations; and （iii）compare the suitability of Ni hyperaccumulator and Ni accumulator plants as food sources for stenoscepa sp. and other grasshoppers. stenoscepa nymphs had extremely high whole-body Ni concentrations （3 500μg Ni/g）. This was partly due to food in the gut, as starved insects contained less Ni （950 pg Ni/g）. stenoscepa nymphs survived significantly better than other grasshoppers collected from either a serpentine or a non-serpentine site when offered high-Ni plants as food. In a host preference test among four Berkheya species （two Ni hyperaccumulators and two Ni accumulators）, stenoscepa sp, preferred leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator species. A preference experiment using leaves of three senecio species （of which one species, senecio coronatus, was represented by both a Ni hyperaccumulator and a Ni accumulator population） showed that stenoscepa sp. preferred Ni accumulator senecio coronatus leaves to all other choices. We conclude that stenoscepa sp. is extremely Ni-tolerant. stenoscepa sp. nymphs prefer leaves of hyperaccumulator Berkheya species, but elevated Ni concentration alone does not determine their food preference. We suggest that the extremely high whole-body Ni concentration of stenoscepa nymphs may affect food web relationships in these serpentine communities.

关键词： Berkheya coddii biomagnification food webs heavy metals hyperaccumulation,south Africa

Nickel levels in arthropods associated with Ni hyperaccumulator plants from an ultramafic site in New Caledonia

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Insect science 2006年第4期13卷 271-277页

作者： ROBERT s. boyd MICHAEL A. WALL TANGUY JAFFRE Department of Biological sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA Laboratoire de Botanique et d'Ecologie Végétale Appliquées IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement Centre de Nouméa Nouméa New Caledonia

Arthropods （mainly insects） were collected from a forest site that contained at least six species of Ni hyperaccumulators. Whole body Ni analysis was performed for 12 arthropod taxa, two of which were studied at different life cycle stages. We found two Nitolerant insects. The pentatomid heteropteran Utana viridipuncta, feeding on fruits of the Ni hyperaccumulator Hybanthus austrocaledonicus, contained a mean of 2 600 μg Ni/g in nymphs and 750μg Ni/g in adults. The tephritid fly Bactrocera psidii, feeding on pulp of sebertia acuminata fruits that contained 6 900μg Ni/g, contained 420μg Ni/g as larvae that had evacuated their guts and significantly less （65μg Ni/g） as adults. European honeybees （Apis mellifera） visiting flowers of the Ni hyperaccumulator H. austrocaledonicus contained significantly more Ni （8-fold more） than those collected from flowers of Myodocarpus fraxinifolius, a non-hyperaccumulator. Our results show that some insects feed on Ni hyperaccumulator plants and that their feeding mobilizes Ni into local food webs.

关键词： biomagnification food web heavy metal herbivory hyperaccumulation metal tolerance

Metal concentrations of insects associated with the south African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii （Asteraceae）

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Insect science 2006年第2期13卷 85-102页

作者： ROBERT s. boyd MICHEAL A. DAVIs MICHAEL A. WALL KEVIN BALKWILL Department of Biological sciences Auburn University Auburn Department of Biological sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand South Africa

The high levels of some metals in metal hyperaccumulator plants may be transferred to insect associates. We surveyed insects collected from the south African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii to document whole-body metal concentrations （Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn）. We also documented the concentrations of these metals in leaves, stems and inflorescences, finding extremely elevated levels of Ni （4 700-16 000μg/g） and high values （5-34μg/g） for Co, Cr, and Pb. Of 26 insect morphotypes collected from B. coddii, seven heteropterans, one coleopteran, and one orthopteran contained relatively high concentrations of Ni （〉 500μg/g）. The large number of high-Ni heteropterans adds to discoveries of others （from California UsA and New Caledonia） and suggests that members of this insect order may be particularly Ni tolerant. Nymphs of the orthopteran （stenoscepa） contained 3 500 μg Ni/g, the greatest Ni concentration yet reported for an insect. We also found two beetles with elevated levels of Mg （〉 2 800 μg/g）, one beetle with elevated Cu （〉 70 μg/g） and one heteropteran with an elevated level of Mn （〉 200 μg/g）. Our results show that insects feeding on a Ni hyperaccumulator can mobilize Ni into food webs, although we found no evidence of Ni biomagnification in either herbivore or carnivore insect taxa. We also conclude that some insects associated with hyperaccumulators can contain Ni levels that are high enough to be toxic to vertebrates.

关键词： Berkheya coddii biomagnification food webs heavy metals hyperaccumulation,south Africa

Detection of mycobacterial and viral DNA in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: an analysis of 153 Chinese pediatric cases

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science China(Life sciences) 2017年第7期60卷 775-777页

作者： Zhe Xu Ying Liu Haijing Li shufang Meng Alan s.boyd Charles W.stratton Lin Ma Yi-Wei Tang Department of Dermatology Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's Health Department of Dermatology Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Dear Editor,Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease(KFD),or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,was initially described in 1972 by *** and Fujimoto(shirakusa et al.,1988).The main clinical manifestations are fever and cervical lymphadenopathy with or without pain,sometimes accompanied by tachycardia,nausea and symptomatic infiltrative erythematous *** diagnosis of KFD is usually based on characteristic lymph node histologic findings of coagulative necrosis,histiocytic infiltrate,loss of nodal architecture,

关键词： Kikuchi pediatric necrotizing tachycardia initially nausea sometimes nodal accompanied DNA

检测153例儿童Kikuchi-Fujimoto病患者淋巴结组织中的分枝杆菌及疱疹病毒

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中国科学：生命科学 2018年第9期48卷 1020-1025页

作者：徐哲刘盈李海静孟淑芳 Alan s.boyd Charles W.stratton 马琳汤一苇国家儿童医学中心首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院皮肤科北京100045 北京市顺义区妇幼保健院北京儿童医院顺义妇儿医院皮肤科北京101300 Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Kikuchi-Fujimoto病(KFD),又称为组织坏死性淋巴结炎,是儿童的一种自限性疾病.一些研究表明其病因与微生物有关.既往研究显示,特定病原体的存在与临床、病理以及实验室检查结果之间没有明确关联.采用基于PCR的分子检测在KFD淋巴结组织... 详细信息

Kikuchi-Fujimoto病(KFD),又称为组织坏死性淋巴结炎,是儿童的一种自限性疾病.一些研究表明其病因与微生物有关.既往研究显示,特定病原体的存在与临床、病理以及实验室检查结果之间没有明确关联.采用基于PCR的分子检测在KFD淋巴结组织中检测并鉴定分枝杆菌、疱疹病毒和细小病毒B19的DNA.收集2001~2010年间福尔马林固定后石蜡包埋的KFD淋巴结活检标本153例.在19例(12.4%)组织中检测到分支杆菌DNA,包括Mycobacterium intracellulare, M. avium, M. smegmatis, M. abscessus, M. conceptionense, M. riyadhense, ***和M. monacense各1例; M. fortuitum, M. kansasii和M. mucogenicum各2例以及未明确的其他分枝杆菌5例. PCR方法也检测到10例(6.5%)细小病毒B19, 3例(2%) EBV, 1例(0.6%) CMV, 1例(0.6%) HHV-6, 1例(0.6%)HHV-7和5例(3.3%) HHV-8.本研究结果确定了KFD淋巴结组织中分枝杆菌以及病毒特异DNA的存在,但其临床以及病理学相关性未明.本研究是目前最大的采用覆盖分枝杆菌以及病毒病原体的分子技术的KFD研究.

关键词： Kikuchi-Fujimoto病分枝杆菌细小病毒疱疹病毒 PCR检测

包括前震和余震的不含时间的地震危险性概率分析

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世界地震译丛 2013年第4期44卷 37-47页

作者： O. s. boyd 李晶(译) 吕春来(校) 不详陕西省地震局夸

在不含时间的地震危险性概率分析中,每个震源都被视为在时间和空间上无关。因此,在时间和空间上都依赖主震的前震和余震都不被列入地震目录。然而,事实表明,这些地震能够产生破坏性地震动,应该被认为是构成地震危险性的一部分。本研究... 详细信息

在不含时间的地震危险性概率分析中,每个震源都被视为在时间和空间上无关。因此,在时间和空间上都依赖主震的前震和余震都不被列入地震目录。然而,事实表明,这些地震能够产生破坏性地震动,应该被认为是构成地震危险性的一部分。本研究将主震及其相关地震作为时间不相关的群体,每个群体在时间和空间上都与其他任何群体无关,且都具有主震的复发时间。通过将震群中的地震视为事件的并,相关事件都会对地震动和危险性有贡献。根据美国地质调查局的高危险性场地判别方法,纳入相关事件使超过工程意义概率水平的地震动增加了约10%,但如果能够可靠地计算余震发生量的变化,这个增加量可能会高达20%。

关键词：地震危险性概率分析时间余震前震美国地质调查局和空间地震动