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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第2期11卷 200-215页

作者： Abdoulaye Diedhiou Libasse Sow Gorgui Thierno Yoro Diouf Mbene diop Ndeye Mareme diop Civil Engineering Department Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Technosol Engineering Laboratory Dakar Senegal

This paper presents a geotechnical study whose objective is to determine the lithology of the soil of Balterdi village (Matam, Senegal). A bridge-type structure with six supports is to be built on the studied site. The drilling program consisted of six core drillings (SC) each 30 m deep with sampling and six destructive drillings with pressuremeter tests (SP) every 1.5 m up to 30 m deep. A pair of core and pressuremeter tests was carried out under each support. From the results of the core drill holes and the geological model of the site, it can be seen that the lithology of the soil along the structure consists essentially of soft clay layers, becoming firm at depth over the first 18 m on average (with some incursions of sandy layers) resting on medium to compacted sand up to 30 m. Brown clayey fill is also present between piers P3 and P5. The presence of a watercourse along the structure is noted. The foundations will therefore be carried out in the water. The results of the pressuremeter tests confirm the homogeneity of the soil over the whole area. Indeed, the values obtained are almost similar for all the tests. According to the limit pressures obtained, the clayey-sandy formations encountered along the structure are respectively soft to firm and moderately compact to compact. Their limit pressures are high enough to allow good bearing capacities.

关键词： Geotechnical Behaviour Cored Surveys Pressuremeter Surveys Lithology Bridge Supports

Experimental Characterization of Shape of an Aggregate by a Numerical Value—Application to Senegalese Basaltic Aggregates for Rail Transport

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2020年第2期10卷 131-142页

作者： Abdoulaye Diedhiou Libasse Sow Ndeye Mareme diop Civil Engineering Department Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

This article first talks about railways in general and ballast in particular. An inventory is then made on the modernization of the Senegalese ballast railways. In the second phase, an experimental work of characterization of basaltic aggregates of Diack (Locality of Ngoundiane, Thiès region, Senegal) is presented. The grain size studied is 25/50 mm as for any material studied for use as railway ballast. Experimental work presented consists of the characterization of the shape of an aggregate using the NF P 18-301 standard. The test consists of comparing the volume of the aggregate to that of an equivalent sphere with the largest diameter of the aggregate, by calculating the average volume coefficient. With a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of 6 aggregates, the volume coefficient “Cv” fluctuates between 0.27 and 0.49 with an average volume coefficient of 0.39 which is well above 0.15. The grains studied are polyhedral and therefore have a high mechanical resistance.

关键词： Ballast Rail Transport Basalt Shape Volume Coefficient

Chemical Evolution of Groundwater in the Dindefello Plain Area in South-Eastern Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第19期6卷 1793-1815页

作者： Seybatou diop Moshood N. Tijani Institute of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

This study was to clarify the main mechanisms of shallow groundwater mineralization in the Dindefello Plain Area. Water composition data obtained in this study were subjected to aqueous speciation calculations together with data plotting on key diagrams so as to create work assumptions. Hypothesized reaction models of the processes of chemical weathering of carbonates and silicate minerals under the carbon dioxide regime were proposed and tested by selecting two water sample analyses interpreted as “starting” and “ending” water composition along a hydrologic flow line, and then running the PHREEQC (version 2) batch modeling procedure, to simulate chemical balances and compositional variations of groundwater within the geochemical system. For the flow path data discussed here, there was close agreement between the model results and the observed hydrochemistry, and so the proposed geochemical evolution model was deemed reliable.

关键词： Senegal Dindefello Groundwater Mineralization Springwater Geochemical Modeling

Assessment of a Database Management System in a Mammogram Unit of a Radiologic Department in Fann Teaching Hospital (Senegal)

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2017年第4期6卷 401-409页

作者： Mamour Gueye Awa Sadikh Badiane Sokhna Ba diop Mamadou Ly Mame Diarra Ndiaye Gueye Abdoulaye Dione diop Abdoulaye Ndoye diop Marame Fall Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Department or Radiology Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal

Objectives: To evaluate a medical data management system of a mammogram unit in a department of Radiology. Methods: This is a qualitative and quantitative assessment study in Fann Teaching Hospital between April 2014 and June 2015 one year after its implementation. The quantitative component consisted of the audit of the database to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and the results of mammograms. The qualitative component assessed users’ experience. For analysis, quantitative data were extracted and transferred to Microsoft Excel. For scale variables, we calculated the averages and extremes. For qualitative variables, we established percentages. Results: During the study period, 433 patients underwent mammograms. The average age of patients was 48 years. The completion rate maintained above 85% was below 26% in the first two months of use. As to the completeness given examinations, it was still above 83%. The results of mammogram examinations were normal in the majority of cases: 96% for the right breast and 95.2% for the left breast. All users had a favourable opinion about the database. The reasons were better work organization, comprehensiveness, accessibility and standardization of information about the patient and especially the immediate availability of statistics. For 60% of these health professionals, complaints related to the use of the software were the time-consuming of filling data. Conclusion: This study mainly describes the perception of health professionals on the computerization of radiological examinations. It offers some advantages, proposes improvements and opens avenues for reflection on the globalization of the computerization of patient records in Radiology.

关键词： Electronic Medical Records Database Mammogram Radiology Dakar

Radio-Anatomical Study of Anterior Variants of the Polygon of Willis

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Open Journal of Radiology 2023年第4期13卷 185-194页

作者： diop Aboulaye Dione Mar Ndeye Bigué Diouf Joseph Coumba Ndofféne diop Sokhna Ba Medical Imaging Service Fann Hospital Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Anatomy/UMRED Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal

The anterior system of the polygon of Willis plays an anastomotic role between the carotid territories and communicates with the posterior system. It ensures adequate cerebral blood flow in the event of internal occlusion. Its ability to redistribute blood flow depends on its morphology, the presence and size of the vessels that constitute it and their variants, knowledge of which is essential. The morphology of the carotid system is not constant and a number of variants are well recognized with greater hemodynamic importance. In this context, we undertook this work which aims to seek the anatomical variants of the anterior part of the PW;to determine the diameters of the vessels of the latter and to correlate these results with epidemiological data. We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 4 months at Fann University Hospital, targeting patients who had undergone brain MRI with a 3D TOF sequence whatever the indication. Patients with lesions of cerebrovascular pathologies such as ischemia, hemorrhage, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations or presenting a limited analysis examination due to the presence of kinetic or other artifact, were not included. Demographic data and anatomical variants were studied as well as the measurements of any continuous arterial segment greater than 0.8 mm in diameter. Those less than 0.8 mm in diameter were considered hypoplastic. The C3 segment of the internal carotid arteries, the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery, constituted our main measurement sites. The sex ratio was 1.06, the mean age of the patients was 43 years ± 17.9 with extremes of 11 and 85 years. The anterior configuration of the polygon was complete in 57.5% representing 50% of men and 65.5% of women, in 56% of subjects under 40 years old and 58% in subjects over 40 years old. We noted a predominance of type a in 47% of patients followed by type g found in 35% of patients. The morphol

关键词： Polygon of Willis Anamicals Variants Vascular Diseases

Analysis, Variability and Rainfall Prediction in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of the Lake Guiers in Senegal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第11期13卷 806-819页

作者： Abdou Arame Fall Saidou Ndao Aba diop UFR Sciences et Technologies (SET) University Iba Der Thiam of Thies (UIDT) Thies Senegal Laboratory of Water and Environment Sciences and Technologies (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal Statistics and Random Models Research Team (ERESMA) University Alione Diop (UAD) Bambey Senegal

The aim of this article is to predict the rainfall evolution of a sub-Saharan area in which one of the most important freshwater resources is located: Lake Guiers. Characterized by short seasonal rains of three months, it experienced a long period of drought in the 1970s. We begin by analyzing the temporal distribution of the rainfall including the variability of the data, with a view to predicting a possible return. For this reason, we present here univariate modeling results of rainfall series collected on three stations in the area. The challenge lies in the adequacy of the parameters for the monthly rainfall series, which generates more or less significant forecast errors on the learning bases because of the missing data. This later motivated their conversion to moving average series. On the other hand, the normality of the latter seems to be rejected by the D’Agostino test. Student’s and Mann-Whitney’s tests confirmed the homogeneity. The autocorlograms show the presence of autoregressive terms in the data. Dickey-Fuller and Mann-Kendall tests reveal both trend and seasonality. The stationarity tests of Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and KPSS have shown that they are non-stationary. As a result, we did an ARIMA modeling method using the Box-Jenkins [1] method with the R software, which involves estimating model parameters, tests of significance, analysis of residualss, selection according to information criteria and forecasts. The results obtained during the learning-test phase showed a quasi-similarity of the base-tests in all the series except for that of Louga.

关键词： Time Series Rain Trend Stationarity Residuals Model Forecast

Study of the Variation in Total and Reducing Sugars Contents According to the Variety and According to the Position Where the Fruit (Mango) Was Harvested from Five Mango Varieties Exploited in Senegal

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第3期8卷 28-36页

作者： Ba Ibrahima Fofana Mouhamadou diop Moussoukhoye Natural Products Laboratory (LPN) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Sheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

In this study, the results show that total sugar contents depend on the variety and the position where the fruit (mango) has been harvested. This variation in total sugar contents is observed according to the following varieties: the Bk (Boukodiekhal) variety (bottom position 45 mg/100 mL) then Bk (intermediate and bottom position 40 mg/100 mL) and with the Dr (Diourou) variety the content according to the intermediate position is 63 mg/100 mL while the content according to its bottom position is 56 mg/100 mL. The same is observed for variety Knt (Kent). For the variety factor, we see that the Dr and Sl (Sierra Leone) varieties are the richest in total sugars. Compared to the variation in reducing sugar content, the effect of position is less pronounced. Nevertheless, the statistical results show that the contents vary according to the varieties. There is a very significant variation in reducing sugar content between certain varieties. The variety Kt (Keitt) (45 mg/100 mL) is the richest in reducing sugars but compared to the lower position of the variety Bk, they are statistically identical. Variety Knt remains the poorest in reducing sugars 20 mg/ 100 mL.

关键词： Mangifera indica L. Sugar Composition Mango Export and Local Consumption

Development and Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Gold Mining Areas of Southeastern Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第2期15卷 33-50页

作者： Mor diop Ibrahima Mall El Hadji Mamadou Sonko Tidiane diop Liengsy Badji Cheikh Mbow Environmental Sciences Institute (ISE) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Amadou Mahtar Mbow University of Diamniadio (UAM) Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Water is the most essential requirement for life. It provides a variety of purposes such as a source of water supply for drinking, domestic and industrial use, irrigated agriculture, livestock, and mining activities. Evaluating the status of water quality from traditional approaches does not guarantee the whole overview of the water quality situation. Therefore, developing a tool that can convert multiple parameters data into information that is understandable by both technical and non-technical personnel is vital. In this context, the purpose of this paper was to develop, calculate, and apply a water quality index for assessing the suitability (for drinking purposes) of groundwater in the gold mining areas in south-eastern Senegal. The development of this index based on WHO water quality guidelines followed the five standards steps i.e., parameters selection, sub-index formation, parameters weighting and sub-index aggregation and evaluation. Finally, the WQI summarized twelve key water quality parameters into 05 simple terms (excellent, good, medium, poor, and very poor) which is more relevant for reporting to managers and the public in a consistent manner. Thus, it was observed in the study area, that the water quality indexes in artisanal and industrial mining areas are either poor or very poor while in the reference stations (where there are no mining activities) WQI are either good or excellent. This situation was attributed to the effects of mining activities in such zones which contribute to the pollution of groundwater with heavy metals, nitrates, and suspended solids.

关键词： Water Quality Index Groundwater Gold Mining Pollution Heavy Metals

Theoretical Establishment of the Mass Balance Equation and Determination of the Proportion (S)ffof Fossil Fuels as an Indicator of the Suess Effect

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 114-124页

作者： Maurice Ndeye Matar Sène Doudou diop Radiocarbon Laboratory Institut Fondamentale d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Department of Physics Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Botanic Laboratory Institut Fondamentale d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal

Mass balance equations can be used to quantify the level of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2)ff at a given site by using samples of tree leaves or tree rings. These sites are often densely populated and highly industrialized areas. In this case, in addition to the natural carbon dioxide level of the site, there are several other components that are added to it. The approaches we propose in this paper are based on the isotopic fractionation of carbon and the laws of matter conservation. Mathematical equations are derived from this and we propose approaches to establish them. Our method has allowed us to come to the conclusion of the relationship that is already found in literature. But we term this relationship in another way by introducing the fraction of carbon modern F and the proportion of CO2 derived from fossil fuels, which will be noted (S)ff for the following. As an indicator of the Suess Effect, we have calculated these values in our different sites. Wooded areas sites which are located in urban areas have higher value of proportion of fossil fuel (S)ff .

关键词： Suess Effect Radiocarbon Mass Balance Fossil Fuel

Development of an Intelligent Queue Manager That Takes Account of the Social and Health Context

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第9期15卷 561-579页

作者： Jupiter Ndiaye Ousmane Sow Oumar Diallo Ababacar Sadikh Faye Youssou Traore Mame Andallah diop Abdoulaye diop ED2DS Iba Der Thiam University Thies Senegal University Institute of Technology Iba Der Thiam University Thies Senegal

Virus prevention has been considered central to the fight against the COVID- 19 coronavirus pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus in public places, several measures have been taken, in particular respect for barrier gestures. This work is part of this dynamic and sets up a new wireless version of an electronic and nominative queue manager using artificial intelligence for more equity, inclusion and solidarity. This system, named Gifa is developed in our laboratory. The first prototype, whose connections are largely provided by a wired system with an artisanal acquisition module, is difficult to deploy for general public use, especially in buildings already built. This article deals with an artificial intelligence queue management system, presenting more functionalities, whose access to the service is ensured in very large part by wireless exchanges with a modern acquisition module realized by 3D printing. The flexible and autonomous design of this device makes it particularly easy to deploy on premises open to the public without having to modify the existing installation for commissioning. The manager is equipped with a configuration terminal, and at the counters the call is made by a cashier also equipped with a tablet connected to the wifi network. Its display screen shows certain information relating to the identity of the customer such as his face, his order number, his first name and last name. This reduces the authentication time of the person at the checkout, queue bypasses for more fairness and less stress. This work has resulted in the improvement of queue management systems by giving them more flexibility to make them more adaptable in several types of environments and other contexts.

关键词： GiFa Public Health Wireless Node Red Arduino Cloud and AI 3D Printing