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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 2053-2062页

作者： Elisabeth Zongo bouma james néya Valentin Stanislas Edgar Traoré Essowé Palanga Jean Zabré nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV)/Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (InERA) & Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios/InERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire national de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc] is a food legume with high potential for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, in addition to being a neglected crop, its production is limited by several constraints among which viral diseases are most cited. In order to contribute to the improvement of Bambara groundnut in Burkina Faso, local accessions of the crop were screened for resistance to Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV), one of the most damaging viruses in grain legumes. Seven local accessions (C1 to C7) from two agro-ecological zones were evaluated by mechanical inoculation in field conditions in 2016 and 2017. The infected plants exhibited various symptoms of chlorosis, leaf deformation, growth retardation and plant stunting. CPMoV caused a significant reduction in the number of flowers and pods. As a result, grain yield was reduced by 49.5% to 83.9% depending on the accessions. The impact of the virus in yield loss was lowest in accessions C6 and C7 which indicated their possible used in the management of Cowpea mottle virus disease in bambara groundnut.

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Cowpea mottle virus Impact Yield Loss

Farmers’ Perception and Impact of Rice Yellow Mottle Disease on Rice Yields in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 943-952页

作者： Valentin S. E. Traoré bouma james néya Mouhameth Camara Vernon Gracen Samuel K. Offei Oumar Traoré Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (InERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Supérieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale (ISFAR) Université de Thiès Bambey Sénégal West African Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Rice improvement for disease resistance has scarcely involved farmers’ knowledge in Sub-Saharan Africa. A participatory rural appraisal was conducted in two main rice cultivation areas in Burkina Faso to assess farmers’ awareness of rice production constraints with emphasis on rice yellow mottle disease (RYMD) and its management. Farmers’ preference for rice varieties to be used in the breeding program was also assessed. Major concerns for rice cultivation as perceived by farmers were water shortage and RYMD. However, relative importance of each constraint depended on the survey areas, RYMD being prominent at Banzon while water shortage predominated at Mogtedo. Mogtedo farmers preferred rice variety FKR19 because of its tolerance to drought. At Banzon, farmers’ first criterion was taste which was reflected in the choice of variety FKR18. Yield was also a major criterion in both areas, positioning nERICA varieties FKR56n, FKR62n, and FKR60n among the top preferred varieties. Farmers mentioned RYMD as the most important rice disease. Most farmers used varietal shifts or pesticide treatments for RYMD management. RYMD incidence reached 28% in average at Banzon over the 2012-2013 main growing seasons. In rice varieties FKR56n, FKR62n and TS2, diseased plants yielded 79.3% less than the healthy ones. Accordingly, based on disease incidence, overall yield loss in the study area was estimated at 22.3%. Altogether, rice production can be significantly increased by taking RYMD into account in a participatory rice breeding strategy.

关键词： Farmers’ Knowledge Disease Management Preferred Varieties Yield Loss

Molecular Characterization of a Large Diversity of Bambara Groundnut Potyviruses (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc.) in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2019年第9期10卷 270-281页

作者： Aboubié Elisabeth Zongo bouma james néya Essowé Palanga Drissa Sérémé Moustapha Koala Régis Dimitri Sokpé Longué Jean Zabré Zakaria Bouda nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV)/Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (InERA) & Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios/InERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire national de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Potyviruses are major constraints to grain legume production by causing significant yield losses. Potyviruses infecting Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) were investigated in Burkina Faso. Leaf samples collected from three agroclimatic zones were subjected to RT-PCR and sequence analyses. Of a total of 135 samples, 36 (26.67%) were detected positive in RT-PCR tests using potyvirus universal primers. Analysis of full coat protein (cp) sequences from 24 isolates revealed the occurrence of three groups of Bambara groundnut-infecting potyviruses. Virus isolates in group 1 shared 94.5% - 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with CABMV whereas those in group 2 and group 3 were distantly related Bean common necrosis virus (BCMnV) and Passiflora virus Ugandan which were their respective closest potyviruses. Group 2 shared 77.1% nt and 78.8% - 79.9% aa identity with BCMnV and group 3 shared 77.3% - 78.3% nt and 80.7% - 81.5% aa identity with Passiflora virus Ugandan. All three groups were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Taking into account potyvirus demarcation criteria, group 1 isolates belonged to CABMV species. Group 2 and group 3 were assigned to a potentially new potyviruses species and designated Bambara groundnut potyvirus 1 (BGPV1) and Bambara groundnut potyvirus 2 (BGPV2).

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Potyvirus Characterization Coat Protein Sequence Diversity

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fungi Associated with Sesame Diseased Plants of the Three Agroclimatic Zones of Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 290-307页

作者： Wendolian Romain Soalla Pawindé Elisabeth Zida bouma james neya Kadidia Koita Laboratoire de Phytopathologie Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Biosciences Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Sesame is Burkina Faso’s second essential agricultural export after cotton. It’s consequently a supply of income for producers and foreign exchange for the country. However, sesame production is characterized by low average yields of about 538 kg·ha-1 at the farmer’s field as compared to the potential yield of the improved varieties (1500 - 2000 kg·ha-1). Fungal diseases are some of the major constraints to sesame production in Burkina Faso. The present study contributes to the development of means to control pathogenic fungi of this crop, which are responsible for significant losses. The objective is to identify the fungi associated with diseased sesame plant samples. To this end, 149 samples of diseased sesame plants were collected from different production sites located in three agro-climatic zones of the country. The analysis of the samples according to the blotting paper method, based on the morphological characteristics of the fungi, allowed the identification of 18 genera with prevalence rates from 2.68% to 97.98%. The most frequently identified genera were Macrophomina (97.98%), Cercospora (86.57%), Fusarium (85.23%), Phoma (62.41%) and Colletotrichum (61.07%). The results also showed a variable distribution of fungi according to the agro-climatic zone with the predominance of Macrophomina in all three zones. Molecular identification by DnA sequencing of 120 isolates belonging to the different fungi detected allowed the identification of 25 species of which the most representative were Macrophomina phaseolina, Cercospora sesami, Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria simsimi, Alternaria porri, Fusarium oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. equiseti, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gloesporiodes. The present study showed that diseased sesame plants collected from different production sites in Burkina Faso housed several species of fungi. The fungi presence in diseased plants indicates the need to inform and raise the stakeholders’ awareness about the p

关键词： Burkina Faso Fungi Molecular Identification Morphological Identification Sesame

Imperata yellow mottle virus: An Emerging Threat to Maize, Sorghum and Pearl Millet in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 397-408页

作者： Moustapha Koala Valentin Stanislas Edgar Traoré Drissa Sérémé bouma james neya Christophe Brugidou nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Universite Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UMR IPME (UM IRD CIRAD) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD Montpellier France

Imperata yellow mottle caused by Imperata yellow mottle virus (IYMV) of the genus Sobemovirus was first characterized on Imperata cylindrical and Zea mays in Burkina Faso. The disease has been reported in several localities of the country but its ecology and epidemiology are poorly known. In particular, only I. cylindrical and maize have been reported within IYMV host range. The aim of this study was to investigate the experimental host range of the virus. Mechanical inoculation of a mixture of four IYMV isolates to 18 plant species, including four crops (maize, rice, sorghum and pearl millet) and 14 wild grasses showed clear mottle symptoms in maize, sorghum and pearl millet and two wild grass species (Setaria verticillata and Rottboellia exaltata). Symptom development was confirmed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Infection of crop species by IYMV depended on cultivars tested. Therefore, proportions of positive cultivars were 16/36 in maize, 4/10 in sorghum and 4/9 in pearl millet, respectively. Studies on virus-host interactions using individual virus isolates showed two pathogenic patterns. Three out of the four isolates tested infected all plant species and cultivars. In contrast, the fourth IYMV isolate could infect only one maize cultivar. These results expand the previously known host range of IYMV from two to five species, indicating a narrow host range. Among the new characterized host species, sorghum and pearl millet are important cereal crops. Therefore, Imperata yellow motte disease is a potential threat for the cereal crop production and its ecology and epidemiology should be thoroughly investigated.

关键词： IYMV Sobemovirus Host Range Virus-Host Interactions

Molecular Variability and Genetic Structure of IYMV in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 311-324页

作者： Moustapha Koala Drissa Sérémé Florence Vignols Eric Lacombe Martine Bantgratz bouma james neya Christophe Brugidou nicolas Barro Oumar Traoré Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologie Végétale (LVBV) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Mixte Internationale (LMI) Patho-Bios Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UMR IPME (UM IRD CIRAD) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Montpellier Cedex France Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Imperata yellow mottle virus (IYMV, Sobemovirus) was first described in 2008 in the south-western region of Burkina Faso (West Africa). The genetic diversity of IYMV was not documented up to day. In this study, the variability of CP of IYMV was evaluated through the molecular characterization of 38 isolates collected in the western part of Burkina Faso. Comparison of sequences of these new isolates and one IYMV sequence available in GenBank revealed that the average nucleotide diversity was low. The ratio of non-synonymous over synonymous nucleotide substitutions per site was low, indicating a CP diversification under strong purifying selection. Despite of the low nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analyses revealed segregation of IYMV isolates into six major clades. There was no correlation of phylogenetic grouping of isolates based on geographical location. This is the first study of the genetic diversity of IYMV.

关键词： Imperata yellow mottle virus (IYMV) Coat Protein (CP) Genetic Var-iability Phylogenetic Analysis

Shallow-Water Origin of a Devonian Black Shale, Cleveland Shale Member (Ohio Shale), northeastern Ohio, USA

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Open Journal of Geology 2014年第12期4卷 636-653页

作者： Saeed Alshahrani james E. Evans Department of Geology Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA EXPEC Advanced Research Center Saudi ARAMCO Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Black shales are usually interpreted to require anoxic bottom waters and deeper water sedimentation. There has long been a debate about whether the Devonian Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale (CSM) was deposited in shallow- or deep-water depositional environments. This study looked at the CSM at 3 stratigraphic sections and 5 well cores in northeastern Ohio. The CSM mostly consists of sapropelite (interbedded carbonaceous black mudstones and gray calcareous claystones). The black and gray “shales” are rhythmically bedded at micro- (nd macro-scales (10s of cm thick) and represent changes in organic matter content (ranging from 7% - 20% TOC). Three types of event layers are interbedded with the mudrocks: 1) tempestites, 2) proximal turbidites, and 3) hyperpycnites. Individual tempestites and turbidites are laterally continuous?≥35 km, while hyperpycnites are too thin (nsist of hummocky stratified sandstones with groove casts and escape burrows overlain by planar laminated sandstones with wave ripples at the top. Tempestites average 13 cm thick, but can be amalgamated up to 45 cm thick, and are more common in the lower half of the unit. Turbidites are incomplete bouma sequences that average 6 cm thick, show evidence of combined flow (“wave-modified turbidites”), and are more common toward the top of the unit. Hyperpycnites (density underflows from river discharge) consist of inverse-to-normal graded sandy or silty microlaminae that have been studied primarily by using petrography and SEM. Condensed sections in the CSM are probable firmgrounds with carbonate concretions, and indicate intervals of low sedimentation rates. The evidence shows that the CSM depositional environment was receiving siliciclastics from the northeast (e.g., Catskill delta), and that the coarser-grained clastic sediment was primarily transported as density underflows (turbidites and hyperpycnites). However, signific

关键词： Black Shales Tempestites Hyperpycnites Devonian Appalachian Basin Catskill Delta