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sPECIFIC DEGRADATION OF wATERsHEDs

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International Journal of sediment Research 2007年第2期22卷 114-119页

作者： boubacar KANE Pierre Y.JULIEN Central Director of water Energie du Mali S.A.formerly of Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523U. S. A Engineering Research Center Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523U.S.A.

An extensive database of reservoir sedimentation surveys throughout continental United states is compiled and analyzed to determine specific degradation sD relationships as function of mean annual rainfall R, drainage area A, and watershed slope s. The database contains 1463 field measurements and specific degradation relationships are defined as function of A, R and s. weak trends and significant variability in the data are noticeable. specific degradation measurements are log normally distributed with respect to R, A, and s and 95% confidence intervals are determined accordingly. The accuracy of the predictions does not significantly increase as more independent variables are added to the regression analyses.

关键词： specific degradation sediment yield Reservoir sedimentation

En Echelon Faults and Basin structure in Huizhou sag, south China sea: Implications for the Tectonics of the sE Asia

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Journal of Earth science 2015年第5期26卷 690-699页

作者： boubacar Hamidou Leyla Jianye Ren Jing Zhang Chao Lei Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences

The Huizhou sag is situated on the continental shelf of the northern continental margin of the south China sea. In this paper we present a grid of reflection seismic and well data to characterize the basin structure and prominent unconformities. we employ EBM and 2DMOVE softwares to explore the subsidence history and stratigraphic development history of the basin. we found a rapid subsidence period since 15.5 Ma. Moreover, we calculated the stretching factors of the upper crust and the whole crust in the Huizhou sag. The results show the values are 1.10–1.13 and 1.08–1.31, respectively, indicating faulting in Huizhou sag is relatively small. It is noteworthy that the faults map reveals en echelon distribution at the north and south margins of the basin. we suggest en echelon faults here are caused by the subduction of Proto-south China sea toward Nw Borneo block and cease of the south China sea. Considering the pronounced unconformities, subsidence rates, fault activities and sediment thickness, the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin can be divided into rifting（49–32 Ma）, post-rifted（32–15.5 Ma） and rapid subsidence（15.5–0 Ma） stages. Our study will shed new light on the tectonics of sE Asia and petroleum exploration in the south China sea.

关键词： south China sea Pearl River Mouth Basin basement subsidence en echelon faults

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Factors associated with coverage of praziquantel for schistosomiasis control in the communitydirect intervention (CDI) approach in Mali (west Africa)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 82-92页

作者： Abdoulaye Dabo boubacar Bary Bourema Kouriba Oumar sankaré Ogobara Doumbo Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicinePharmacy and DentistryUMI 3189University of SciencesTechniques and Technologies of BamakoBox 1805BamakoMali High Institute for Training and Applied Research Box 475EBamakoMali

Background:Despite the progress made in the control of Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTD),schistosome and soil-transmitted helminth infections are far from being effectively managed in many parts of the ***,the key element of all control strategies,is faced with some difficulties in terms of access to *** study aims to describe the factors involved in the success or failure of the community-directed intervention(CDI)approach through control programmes.which aims to achieve consistent high coverage at affordable and sustainable costs in endemic ***:The CDI approach was carried out from December 2007 to October 2008 in ten villages of the district of Diéma,*** inclusion,each child part of the study’s sample was interviewed and submitted for a physical *** study focused on:data collection,treatment of the eligible population,evaluation of the treatment coverage,performance of community drug distributors(CDDs),and the involvement and perception of ***:A total of 8,022 eligible people were studied with a mean coverage rate of 76.7%.Using multiple regression,it was determined that receiving praziquantel as treatment was associated with five factors:belonging to the Fulani or Moorish ethnic minority versus the Bambara/soninke,use of the central versus the house-to-house drug distribution mode,the ratio of the population to the number of CDDs,the lack of supervision and belonging to the age group of 15 years or above(ps.well as that,it was found that the presence of parallel community-based programmes(HIV,tuberculosis)that provide financial incentives for community members discouraged many CDDs.who in most cases are volunteers)to participate in the CDI approach due to a lack of ***:The findings indicate that the success of the CDI approach depends on,amongst other things,the personal characteristics of the respondents,as.well as on community factors.

关键词： schistosomiasis Praziquantel Community-directed intervention Coverage rate Diéma Mali

Cooperative file sharing mechanism with Network Coding in wireless Mesh networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2009年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： KIMBA DIT ADAMOU boubacar ZOU shi-hong ABDOU saley MA Yi-hui CHENG shi-duan school of Computer science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China MAC Engineering Inc. Canada T2S OCT

This article describes a new model of a cooperative file sharing system in a wireless Mesh network. The authors＇ approach is to develop an efficient and cooperative file sharing mechanism based on opportunistic random linear Network Coding. within this mechanism, every node transmits random linear combination of its packets according to cooperative priority, which is computed in a distributed manner according to the node-possible contribution to its neighbor nodes. with this mechanism, the more a node contributes to others, the more the node has chances to recover the entire file first. The performance metrics of interest here are： the delay until all the packets in a file have been delivered to all nodes, and an ideal packet size, by the use of which the authors can get the minimum transmission delay. Through extensive simulation the authors compare their mechanism with the current transmission process in a wireless Mesh network without random linear Network Coding. The authors found that using their mechanism, the nodes can cooperatively share the entire file with less transmission time and delay than the current transmission process.without random linear network.

关键词： wireless Mesh network Network Coding file sharing

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Microbial Quality of wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries:Case study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第6期4卷 575-584页

作者： Leon w.Nitiema savadogo boubacar Zongo Dramane Aminata Kabore Poda Jean Noel Alfred s.Traore Dayeri Dianou Research Center for Biological Alimentary and Nutritional SciencesResearch and Training UnitLife and Earth SciencesUniversity of OuagadougouOuagadougouBurkina Faso National Center for scientific and Technological Researches Institute for Health Sciences ResearchOuagadougouBurkina Faso

Urban truck farming in developing countries appears of great importance to overcome unemployment and poverty. However, the quality of wastewater used for such activity could expose populations to waterborne diseases. The microbial quality of wastewaters used for truck farming in Ouagadougou city, was examined for the presence of bacterial and parasitological fecal indicators during the dry-hot season (May) and the wet season (July) in 2012. The wastewaters of three water reservoirs and two canals intensively used for truck farming were analyzed throughout the study. These indicators.were also monitored in waste stabilization ponds during wastewater treatment in 3 plants of the city. For all the selected sampling sites, the concentrations of microbial indicators in water were significantly higher in the dry-hot season compared to the wet one (p - 53,800 CFU/100ml for Escherichia coli, 8200 - 108,400 CFU/100ml for fecal coliforms, 650 - 45,000 CFU/100ml) for fecal streptococcus, and 0 - 2.4 eggs/l for helminthes during the study periods. For wastewater under treatment in waste stabilization ponds, significant microbial concentration drops (p 0.0001) in the range of 82% - 100%, 78% - 98%, 60% - 100% and 82% - 88%, respectively were recorded between the anaerobic and the maturation ponds. The later results highlighted that improving the refining performances of the waste stabilization ponds technology could help decreasing health risks related to wastewater reuse in urban agriculture for a sustainable development of cities in developing countries.

关键词： Truck Farming wastewater Fecal Pollution Health Risks Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Effectiveness of Moringa oleiferaDefatted Cake versus seed in the Treatment of Unsafe Drinking water: Case study of surface and well waters in Burkina Faso

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1076-1086页

作者： Aminata Kabore boubacar savadogo Francis Rosillon Alfred s. Traore Dayéri Dianou Institute for Health sciences Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Research Center for Biological Alimentary and Nutritional Sciences Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso water Environment Development Unit Arlon Campus University of Liège Arlon Belgique

safe drinking water access for rural populations in developing countries remains a challenge for a sustainable development, particularly in rural and periurban areas of Burkina Faso. The study aims to investigate the purifying capacity of Moringa oleifera defatted cake as compared to Moringa oleifera seed in the treatment of surface and well waters used for populations alimentation. A total of 90 water samples.were collected in sterile glass bottles from 3 dams’ water reservoirs, a river, and a large diameter well, respectively. The water samples.were treated in triplicate with Moringa oleifera seed and defatted cake coagulants. At different settling time and coagulant concentration, turbidity and pH were measured to determine the optimal conditions and factors influencing treatment with regard to sampling source. Nine physicochemical parameters (turbidity, pH, nitrates, nitrites, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, organic matter and sulfates), three bacterial fecal pollution indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal Coliforms and fecal streptococcus) and parasite cysts.were monitored based on laboratory standard methods. Data were analyzed using the student’s t test and XLsTAT 7.5.2 statistical software. From the results obtained, for the same concentration of coagulant, settling time providing the lowest turbidity was significantly shorter (p Moringa oleifera cake than seed. Optimum settling time with Moringa oleifera cake was between 15 - 60 min versus 60 - 120 min, with Moringa oleifera seed. Both treatments significantly reduced minerals concentration in water excepted sulfates for which the concentration reversely increased. However, only Moringa oleifera cake treatment reduced organic matter content in all the water samples, while it increased with Moringa oleifera seed one (p s.was 92% - 100% with M. oleifera cake treatment and 84% - 100% with M. oleifera seed one. Overall, for all water samples, Moringa ol

关键词： Drinking water Moringa oleifera Cake seed Chemistry Bacteriology Parasitology

Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in the sahel Area of Keita Valley, Republic of Niger

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第4期7卷 554-565页

作者： Boureima K. Yacouba Zhanqi wang Yamba boubacar Department of Land Resources Management School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Geography Department Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

Keita region is largely dependent on agriculture and livestock as the main economic activities.with about 90% of the population are actively engaged in rural activities. However, these activities are dwindling at a rate that corresponds.with increase in the ecosystem’s vulnerability. The following study focused on land use/land cover change in Keita. The study aims to better understand changes through diachronic analysis by integrating remote sensing and GIs. There was an interpretation of satellites imagery (1975, 1984, 1995 and 2001), and statistical techniques.were used to provide quantitative analysis of land use/cover change information and drivers underlying in the study area. The changes are affected by simultaneous influence of successive droughts (1973-1974 and 1983-1984) that have transformed ecological balance, anthropogenic and livestock impacts, ecosystems degradation and policies. The land use temporal dynamics are undergone continual degradation of vegetation, the state of land saturation results in conflicts between farmer and herders, the drop in grazing areas, bare land expansion, the erosion of stream bed, and the decline in flooded plain.

关键词： Keita Valley Ecosystem’s Vulnerability Diachronic Analysis Ecological Balance Droughts

Algebraic Points of Any Degree l with (l ≥ 9) over Q on the Affine Equation Curve C3sub> (11): y11sup> = x3sup>(x-1)3sup>

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2022年第9期12卷 519-525页

作者： boubacar sidy Balde Mohamadou Mor Diogou Diallo Oumar sall Mathematics and Applications Laboratory (MAL) U.F.R of Sciences and Technologies Université Assane Seck of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

In this.work, we use the finiteness of the Mordell-weil group and the Riemann Roch spaces to give a geometric parametrization of the set of algebraic points of any given degree over the field of rational numbers Q on curve Csub>3 sub>(11): ysup>11sup> = xsup>3sup> (x-1)sup>3sup>. This result is a special case of quotients of Fermat curves Csub>r,s sub>(p) : ysup>psup> = xsup>rsup>(x-1)sup>ssup>, 1 ≤ r, s, r + s ≤ p-1 for p = 11 and r = s = 3. The results obtained extend the work of Gross and Rohrlich who determined the set of algebraic points on Csub>1sub>(11)(K) of degree at most 2 on Q.

关键词： Mordell-weil Group Jacobian Galois Conjugates Algebraic Extensions the Abel-Jacobi Theorem Linear systems

Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 140-153页

作者： severine Erismann Astrid M.Knoblauch serge Diagbouga Peter Odermatt Jana Gerold Akina shrestha Grissoum Tarnagda boubacar savadogo Christian schindler Jürg Utzinger Gueladio Cisse swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Institut de Recherches en sciences de la sante P.O.Box 7192Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Kathmandu University P.O.Box 625045200 DhulikhelNepa

Background:Multiple factors determine children’s nutritional status,including energy and nutrient intake,recurrent infectious diseases,access(or lack thereof)to clean water and improved sanitation,and hygiene practices,among ***“Vegetables go to school:improving nutrition through agricultural diversification”(Vgts)project implements an integrated school garden programme in five countries,including Burkina *** aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its risk factors among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso before the start of the ***:In February 2015,a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 455 randomly selected children,aged 8-14 years,in eight schools in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina *** status.was determined by anthropometric *** and intestinal protozoa infections.were assessed using the Kato-Katz and a formalin-ether concentration method.A urine filtration technique was used to identify schistosoma haematobium *** of anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin levels in finger-prick blood *** were administered to children to determine their knowledge of nutrition and health and their related attitudes and practices(KAP).Questionnaires.were also administered to the children’s caregivers to identify basic household socio-demographic and economic characteristics,and water,sanitation and hygiene(wAsH)*** determine the factors associated with schoolchildren’s nutritional status,mixed logistic regression models.were *** and associations.were considered statistically significant if P-values.were below ***:Complete datasets.were available for 385 *** prevalence of undernutrition,stunting and thinness.were 35.1%,29.4%and 11.2%,*** multivariable analysis revealed that undernutrition was associated with older age(i.e.12-14 years compared tos;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=3

关键词： Anaemia Burkina Faso Intestinal parasitic infections school garden Undernutrition water sanitation and hygiene(wAsH)