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Gastric electrical stimulation f.r gastroparesis:A goal greatly pursued,but not yet attained

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2011年第3期17卷 273-282页

作者： Mauro bortolotti Department of.Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology University of Bologna

The lack of.an ef.ective medical treatment f.r gastroparesis has pushed the research of.new techniques of.gastric electrical stimulation (GES) f.r nearly half.a century of.experimentation with a large variety of.electrical stimuli delivered to the gastric wall of.animals and patients with gastroparesis. Three principal methods are currently available: gastric low-f.equency/high-energy GES with long pulse stimulation, high-f.equency/low-energy GES with short pulse stimulation and neural sequential GES. The f.rst method aims to reset a regular slow wave rhythm, but has variable ef.ects on contractions and requires devices with large and heavy batteries unsuitable f.r implantation. High-f.equency/low-energy GES, although inadequate to restore a normal gastric electro-mechanical activity, improves dyspeptic symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, giving patients a better quality of.lif. together with a more satisf.ctory nutritional status and is suitable f.r implantation. Unf.rtunately, the numerous clinical studies using this type of.GES, with the exception of.two, were not controlled and there is a need f.r def.nitive verif.cation of.the ef.ectiveness of.this technique to justif. the cost and the risks of.this procedure. The last method, which is neural sequential GES, consists of.a microprocessor-controlled sequential activation of.a series of.annular electrodes along the distal two thirds of.the stomach and is able to induce propagated contractions causing f.rcef.l emptying of.the gastric content. The latter method is the most promising, but has been used only in animals and needs to be tested in patients with gastroparesis bef.re it is regarded as a solution f.r this disease.

关键词：电刺激胃壁微处理器控制 GES 重型设备不良症状营养状况环形电极

Is patient satisf.ction suf.icient to validate endoscopic anti-ref.ux treatments?

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3743-3746页

作者： Mauro bortolotti Department of.Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology S.Orsola-Malpighi PolyclinicUniversity of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Endoscopic anti-ref.ux treatment is emerging as a new option f.r gastroesophageal ref.ux disease(GERD)treatment in patients with the same indications as f.r laparoscopic f.ndoplication.There are many techniques,the f.rst of.which are transoral incisionless f.ndoplication(TIf.and nonablative radio-f.equency(STRETTA)that have been tested with comparative studies and randomized controlled trials,whereas the other more recent ones still require a deeper evaluation.The purpose of.the latter is to verif. whether ref.ux is abolished or signif.cantly reduced af.er intervention,whether there is a valid high pressure zone at the gastroesophageal junction,and whether esophagitis,when present,has disappeared.Unf.rtunately in a certain number of.cases,and especially in the more recently introduced ones,the evaluation has been based almost exclusively on subjective criteria,such as improvement in the quality of.lif.,remission of.heartburn and regurgitation,and reduction or suspension of.antacid and antisecretory drug consumption.However,with the most studied techniques such as TIf.and STRETTA,an improvement in symptoms better than that of.laparoscopic f.ndoplication can of.en be observed,whereas the number of.acid episodes and acid exposure time are similar or higher,as if.the acid ref.uxes are better tolerated by these patients.The suspicion of.a local hyposensitivity taking place af.er antiref.ux endoscopic intervention seems conf.rmed by a Bernstein test at least f.r STRETTA.This examination should be done f.r all the other techniques,both old and new,to identif. the ones that reassure rather than cure.In conclusion,the evaluation of.the ef.ectiveness of.the endoscopic anti-ref.ux techniques should not be based exclusively on subjective criteria,but should also be conf.rmed by objective examinations,because there might be a gap between the improvement in symptoms declared by the patient and the underlying pathophysiologic alterations of.GERD.

关键词： Endoscopic anti-ref.ux treatment Transoral incisionless f.ndoplication Nonablative radio-f.equency Anti-ref.ux mucosectomy Gastro-esophageal ref.ux disease Laparoscopic Nissen f.ndoplication

Magnetic challenge against gastroesophageal ref.ux

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2021年第48期27卷 8227-8241页

作者： Mauro bortolotti Via Massarenti 48 Bologna 40138Italy

Almost 15 years have passed since the f.rst paper on the possibility of.using magnets to prevent gastro-esophageal ref.ux(GER)was published and so it is time to assess the results obtained with the f.rst magnetic device available on the market,the Linx magnetic sphincter augmentation(MSA)and to consider what other options are f.rthcoming.MSA demonstrated an anti-ref.ux activity similar to that of.Nissen f.ndoplication,considered the“gold standard”surgical treatment f.r GER disease,and caused less gas-bloating and a better ability to allow vomiting and belching.However,unlike Nissen f.ndoplication,this magnetic device is burdened by complications,which are roughly similar to those of.the non-magnetic anti-ref.ux Angelchik prosthesis,that,af.er considerable use in the eighties,was shelved due to these complications.It is interesting to note that some of.these complications show the same pathophysiological mechanism in both devices.The upcoming new magnetic devices should avoid these complications,as their anti-ref.ux magnetic mechanism is completely dif.erent.The experiments in animals regarding these new magnetic appliances were examined,remarking their advantages and drawbacks,but the way to apply them in surgical practice is long and dif.icult,although worthy,as they represent the f.ture of.magnetic surgery.

关键词： Gastro-esophageal ref.ux disease Magnetic sphincter augmentation device Nissen f.ndoplication Angelchik prosthesis Lower esophageal sphincter Dysphagia

Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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f.ONTIERS Of.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024年第5期18卷 65-65页

作者： Bozeman III, Joe f. Georgia Inst Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Georgia Inst Technol Sch Publ Policy Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science-such as inequities deriving f.om data-driven approaches and machine learning (ML)-are current issues subject to debate and evolution. There is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains-f.om inception to administration, while also addressing procedural, distributive, and recognitional f.ctors. Yet, practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to some. The current perspective helps to alleviate these types of.concerns by providing substantiation f.r the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity, using the Systemic Equity f.amework, and provides the f.undation f.r a paradigmatic shif. toward normalizing the use of.equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML settings. Bolstering the integrity of.environmental data science and ML is just beginning f.om an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application standpoint. To this end, this perspective also provides relevant f.ture directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningf.l tools and strategies-such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol, employing f.irness metrics, and systematically addressing irreproducibility; emerging needs and proposals-such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research; and establishes a ten-step path f.rward. Af.erall, the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately af.ect the well-being of.us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC TRUST

An in-depth multi-technique characterization of.rare earth carbonates-RE_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·2H_(2)O-owning tengerite-type structure

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Journal of.Rare Earths 2022年第8期40卷 1281-1290页

作者： Luca Spiridigliozzi Mauro bortolotti Grazia Accardo Alessandro Vergara Domenico f.attini Claudio f.rone Raf.aele Ciof.i Gianf.anco Dell'Agli Department of.Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioVia G.Di Biasio 4303043Cassino(FR)Italy Department of.Industrial Engineering University of TrentoVia Sommarive 938123TrentoItaly Center of.Hydrogen-f.el Cell Research Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyHwarang-ro 14-gilSeongbuk-guSeoul136-791Republic of Korea Centre f.r Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC EnergiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Alava Technology ParkCalle Albert Einstein 4801510Vitoria-GasteizSpain Department of.Chemical Sciences University of Napoli“Federico II”Via Cintia80126NapoliItaly Graduate School of.Energy and Environment Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyGongneung-ro 232Nowon-guRepublic of Korea Department of.Engineering University of Napoli“Parthenope”Centro DirezionaleIsola C480143Napoli(NA)Italy INSTM-National Interuniversity Consortium of.Materials Science and Technology

The present study has been conducted to contribute,once and f.r all,f.lling the lack of.structural inf.rmation f.r the whole class of.rare earth(RE)carbonates owning the tengerite-(Y)structure.A complete structural characterization,carried out by Rietveld ref.nement of.X-ray powder dif.raction(XRD)data,was comparatively perf.rmed f.r the f.rst time on several hydrated RE carbonates,having the general chemical f.rmula RE_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·χH_(2)O,RE=Y,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho and Er.All samples share the same space group and lattice parameters similar to tengerite-(Y);the structures are also closely related,consisting in all cases of.a three-dimensional f.amework of.nine-f.ld coordinated RE atom polyhedral,linked together by carbonate ions.In addition to relatively minor changes in f.actional coordinates of.atom sites and corresponding interatomic distances,the only perceivable dif.erence lies in the lattice parameters af.ected by the ionic radius of.RE^(3+).However,in the case of.Er,which has the lowest cationic radius among the analyzed RE,the stabilization of.tengerite structure is at its limit condition,because the carbonate groups are heavily distorted.f.rthermore,f.-IR and Raman spectra conf.rm the main structural f.atures obtained by Rietveld ref.nements.The observed morphology of.the various samples is almost the same,being characterized by the presence of.bidimensional rod-like particles grouped in agglomerates,typical of.tengerite crystals,thus indicating that the crystallization mechanism occurring during the hydrothermal synthesis is the same,irrespective of.the involved RE cation.

关键词： Rare Earth carbonates Tengerite Structural ref.nement Hydrothermal treatment

Chemical Reactivity Description in Density-f.nctional and Inf.rmation Theories

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物理化学学报 2017年第12期33卷 2491-2509页

作者： NALEWAJSKI Roman f. Department of.Theoretical Chemistry Jagiellonian University

In Quantum Inf.rmation Theory(QIT) the classical measures of.inf.rmation content in probability distributions are replaced by the corresponding resultant entropic descriptors containing the nonclassical terms generated by the state phase or its gradient(electronic current). The classical Shannon(S[p]) and f.sher(I[p]) inf.rmation terms probe the entropic content of.incoherent local events of.the particle localization, embodied in the probability distribution p, while their nonclassical phase-companions, S[ Φ ] and I[ Φ ], provide relevant coherence inf.rmation supplements.Thermodynamic-like couplings between the entropic and energetic descriptors of.molecular states are shown to be precluded by the principles of.quantum mechanics. The maximum of.resultant entropy determines the phase-equilibrium state, def.ned by "thermodynamic" phase related to electronic density,which can be used to describe reactants in hypothetical stages of.a bimolecular chemical reaction.Inf.rmation channels of.molecular systems and their entropic bond indices are summarized, the complete-bridge propagations are examined, and sequential cascades involving the complete sets of.the atomic-orbital intermediates are interpreted as Markov chains. The QIT description is applied to reactive systems R = A―B, composed of.the Acidic(A) and Basic(B) reactants. The electronegativity equalization processes are investigated and implications of.the concerted patterns of.electronic f.ows in equilibrium states of.the complementarily arranged substrates are investigated. Quantum communications between reactants are explored and the QIT descriptors of.the A―B bond multiplicity/composition are extracted.

关键词： Density-f.nctional theory Donor-acceptor system Electronegativity equalization and electron f.ows Inf.rmation theory Markov chains Phase-equilibria

Closed-f.rm solutions f.r f.ee vibration of.rectangular f.M thin plates resting on elastic f.undation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1088-1103页

作者： T. f. Xu Y. f. Xing Institute of.Solid Mechanics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191 China China Academy of.Launch Vehicle Technology R&D Center Beijing 100076 China

This article presents closed-f.rm solutions f.r the f.equency analysis of.rectangular f.nctionally graded material (f.M) thin plates subjected to initially in-plane loads and with an elastic f.undation. Based on classical thin plate theory, the governing dif.erential equations are derived using Hamilton's principle. A neutral surf.ce is used to eliminate stretching-bending coupling in f.M plates on the basis of.the assumption of.constant Poisson's ratio. The resulting governing equation of.f.M thin plates has the same f.rm as homogeneous thin plates. The separation-of.variables method is adopted to obtain solutions f.r the f.ee vibration problems of.rectangular f.M thin plates with separable boundary conditions, including, f.r example, clamped plates. The obtained normal modes and f.equencies are in elegant closed f.rms, and present f.rmulations and solutions are validated by comparing present results with those in the literature and f.nite element method results obtained by the authors. A parameter study reveals the ef.ects of.the power law index n and aspect ratio a/b on f.equencies.

关键词： f.nctionally graded material f.ee vibration Rectangular plate Close f.rm solutions Neutral surf.ce

Multiscale stochastic f.nite element method on random f.eld modeling of.geotechnical problems- a f.st computing procedure

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f.ontiers of.Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 107-113页

作者： Xi f. XU School of.Civil Engineering Beo'ing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China

The Green-f.nction-based multiscale stochastic f.nite element method (MSf.M) has been f.rmulated based on the stochastic variational principle. In this study a f.st computing procedure based on the MSf.M is developed to solve random f.eld geotechnical problems with a typical coef.icient of.variance less than 1. A unique f.st computing advantage of.the procedure enables computation perf.rmed only on those locations of.interest, theref.re saving a lot of.computation. The numerical example on soil settlement shows that the procedure achieves signif.cant computing ef.iciency compared with Monte Carlo method.

关键词： multiscale f.nite element settlement perturbation random f.eld geotechnical

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事实和命题

哲学分析 2023年第3期14卷 49-60,197页

作者： [英]f.拉姆齐刘新文(译) 不详中国社会科学院哲学研究所

为了分析信念、判断等概念,需要找到一种不以“真”这个概念为前提的方法。根据关于普遍对象的看法以及世界中的对象是什么、命题的逻辑构造是什么等问题的看法,真之冗余论题得以提出,并从自然语言转移到准形式化语言,引入命题量词以期... 详细信息

为了分析信念、判断等概念,需要找到一种不以“真”这个概念为前提的方法。根据关于普遍对象的看法以及世界中的对象是什么、命题的逻辑构造是什么等问题的看法,真之冗余论题得以提出,并从自然语言转移到准形式化语言,引入命题量词以期解决所讨论的哲学问题,且吸收皮尔士的实用主义思想回答否定问题,使理解部分信念成为可能,并讨论必然性、普遍命题和同一性等量化模态逻辑和模态形而上学的核心问题。

关键词：冗余论题事实命题普遍命题逻辑常项部分信念