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Analysis of The Impact of Microfinance on The Economic Development of CEMAC States

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Analysis of The Impact of Microfinance on The Economic Devel...

作者： NDEBISSA KORMOUGUE Romeo boris 河北大学

学位级别：硕士

Financial system has a positive impact on economic development of countries. Thus the main objective of this paper is to stress the role of financial system on economic development of Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, EMCCA(Communauté Economique Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale, CEMAC) countries, mainly the role of MFIs through savings mobilization function and micro credits. To achieve this goal, we have considered that financial system consists of banking system and microfinance *** financial system of CEMAC is dominated by the formal financial system, namely the banking system. During the period before independence, the authorities have carried out the nationalization of financial institutions inherited from colonization and the establishment of new banks. They maintained control over interest rates to minimize the cost of credit to public enterprises and certain priority areas. However, the intervention of the authorities did not give good results. This led CEMAC to liberalize its financial system for the purpose of enhancing the mobilization of savings and reallocation of resources to boast economic development and microfinance *** analysis revealed that the restructuring of the banking sector has enabled banks in CEMAC countries to have excess liquidity and favor the growth of microfinance institutions(MFIs). However banks contribution to the financing of economic activities remain limited, thus MFIs have increase their activities and contribute to the financing of poor population mainly from rural areas where banks are absents. The study made some recommendations mainly the development of banking system and the improvement of microfinance services to sustain economic development in CEMAC in general and in Central African Republic in particular.

关键词： Financial System CEMAC Central African Republic Economic development

Accurate and scalable graph neural network force field and molecular dynamics with direct force architecture

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 650-658页

作者： Cheol Woo Park Mordechai Kornbluth Jonathan Vandermause Chris Wolverton boris Kozinsky Jonathan P.Mailoa Robert Bosch Research and Technology Center CambridgeMA 02139USA Northwestern University EvanstonIL 60208USA Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences CambridgeMA 02138USA

Recently,machine learning(ML)has been used to address the computational cost that has been limiting ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD).Here,we present GNNFF,a graph neural network framework to directly predict atomic forces from automatically extracted features of the local atomic environment that are translationally-invariant,but rotationally-covariant to the coordinate of the *** demonstrate that GNNFF not only achieves high performance in terms of force prediction accuracy and computational speed on various materials systems,but also accurately predicts the forces of a large MD system after being trained on forces obtained from a smaller ***,we use our framework to perform an MD simulation of Li7P3S11,a superionic conductor,and show that resulting Li diffusion coefficient is within 14%of that obtained directly from *** high performance exhibited by GNNFF can be easily generalized to study atomistic level dynamics of other material systems.

关键词： neural AIMD dynamics

Assessment of stricturing Crohn's disease:Current clinicalpractice and future avenues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1008-1016页

作者： Dominik Bettenworth Tobias M Nowacki Friederike Cordes boris Buerke Frank Lenze Department of Medicine B University Hospital of Muenster48149 MuensterGermany Department of Clinical Radiology University Hospital of Muenster48149 MuensterGermany

Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic remittent idiopathic disease. Although the early phase of the disease is commonly characterized by inflammation-driven symptoms, such as diarrhea, the frequency of fibrostenotic complications in patients with CD increases over the long-term course of the disease. This review presents the current diagnostic options for assessing CD-associated strictures. In addition to the endoscopic evaluation of CD strictures, this review summarizes the currently available imaging modalities, including ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging techniques. In addition to stricture detection, differentiating between the primarily inflammatory strictures and the predominantly fibrotic ones is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy(anti-inflammatory medical treatment vs endoscopical or surgical approaches). Therefore, recent imaging advances, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography, contribute to the development of noninvasive non-radiating imaging of CD-associated strictures. Finally, novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted, motility and magnetization transfer imaging, as well as 18F-FDG PET/CT, molecular imaging approaches and biomarkers, are critically reviewed with regard to their potential role in assessing stricturing CD.

关键词： Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal stricture Endoscopy Magnetic resonanceimaging Ultrasound Computed tomography 18F-FDGPET/CT CEUS Elastography

Plague reservoir species throughout the world

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 820-833页

作者： Ahmad MAHMOUDI boris KRYŠTUFEK Alexander SLUDSKY boris V.SCHMID Alzira M.P.DE ALMEIDA Xu LEI Beza RAMASINDRAZANA Eric BERTHERAT Aidyn YESZHANOV Nils ChrSTENSETH Ehsan MOSTAFAVI Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUrmia UniversityIran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran Slovenian Museum of Natural History LjubljanaSlovenia Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute«Microbe» SaratovRussian Federation Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis(CEES) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway National Reference Laboratory for Plague Fiocruz PERecifePEBrazil State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Plague Unit Institut Pasteur de MadagascarMadagascar Department of Infectious Hazard Management Health Emergencies ProgrammeWHOGenevaSwitzerland M.Aikimbaev’s National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections AlmatyKazakhstan National Reference Laboratory for Plague Tularemia and Q feverResearch Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranAkanluKabudar AhangHamadanIran

Plague has been known since ancient times as a re-emerging infectious disease,causing considerable socioeconomic burden in regional *** better understand the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the plague,its potential occurrence,and possible future dispersion,one must carefully consider the taxonomy,distribution,and ecological requirements of reservoir-species in relation either to natural or human-driven changes(*** change or urbanization).In recent years,the depth of knowledge on species taxonomy and species composition in different landscapes has undergone a dramatic expansion,driven by modern taxonomic methods such as synthetic surveys that take into consideration morphology,genetics,and the ecological setting of captured animals to establish their species ***,we consider the recent taxonomic changes of the rodent species in known plague reservoirs and detail their distribution across the world,with a particular focus on those rodents considered to be keystone host species.A complete checklist of all known plague-infectable vertebrates living in plague foci is provided as a Supporting Information table.

关键词： mammals plague reservoirs rodents taxonomy

Integrating geographical information in the Linked Digital Earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第7期7卷 554-575页

作者： Luis M.Vilches-Blazquez boris Villazon-Terrazas Oscar Corcho Asuncion Gomez-Perez Ontology Engineering Group Departamento de Inteligencia ArtificialFacultad de InformaticaUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain

Many progresses have been made since the Digital Earth notion was envisioned thirteen years ***,the mechanism for integrating geographic informa-tion into the Digital Earth is still quite *** this context,we have developed a process to generate,integrate and publish geospatial Linked Data from several Spanish National *** data-sets are related to four Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community(INSPIRE)themes,specifically with Administrative units,Hydrography,Statistical units,and *** main goal is to combine different sources(heterogeneous,multidisciplinary,multitemporal,multiresolution,and multilingual)using Linked Data *** goal allows the overcoming of current problems of information integration and driving geographical information toward the next decade scenario,that is,‘Linked Digital Earth’.

关键词： geographical information integration Digital Earth Linked Data

Honeycomb boron： alchemy on aluminum pan？

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Science Bulletin 2018年第5期63卷 270-271页

作者： Sharmila N. Shirodkar Evgeni S. Penev boris I. Yakobson Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

Boron （B）, the one-electron-lacking neighbor of carbon in theperiodic table （and in the Latin alphabet）, is identified by ratherdifferent chemistry as compared to C. This gives rise to rich allo-tropy of boron, wh... 详细信息

关键词：中国科学通报英文版

Early Neoproterozoic Granite-Gneisses of the Junggar Alataw(Southeastern Kazakhstan):Age,Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 67-82页

作者： Nadezhda KANYGINA Andrey TRETYAKOV Dmitriy ALEXEIEV Kirill DEGTYAREV Anfisa SKOBLENKO Natalia SOLOSHENKO boris ERMOLAEV Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia A.N.Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620016Russia

The combined petrographic,petrological,geochemical and geochronological study of the Neoproterozoic gneisses of the Sarychabyn and Baskan complexes of the Junggar Alataw of South Kazakhstan elucidate the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Aktau–Yili *** is one of the largest Precambrian crustal blocks in the western Central Asian orogenic *** U-Pb single-grain zircon ages indicate that granite-gneisses formed from the same source and crystallised in the early Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 *** chemical composition of gneisses corresponds to A2-type *** whole-rock Nd isotopic characteristics(εNd(t)=−4.9 to−1.0 and TNd(DM-2st)=1.9 to 1.7 Ga)indicate the involvement of Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks in magma *** Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 Ma A-type granitoids in the Aktau–Yili terrane of South and Central Kazakhstan might reflect within-plate magmatism adjacent to the collisional belt or a local extension setting in back-arc areas of the continental arc.

关键词： granitoid magmatism geochemistry geochronology Sm-Nd isotope systematics Neoproterozoic Junggar Alataw Kazakhstan Central Asian orogenic belt

Novel method for the preparation of Cs-containing FAU（Y） catalysts for aniline methylation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 70-76页

作者： Olga A. Ponomareva Polina A. Shaposhnik Marina Vo Belova boris A. Kolozhvari Irina I. Ivanova Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Moscow Russia

Cs-containing FAU（Y）-type zeolite catalysts were prepared by conventional and novel ion exchange procedures followed by incipient wetness impregnation with CsOH. The novel ion exchange procedure involved hydrothermal treatment of NaY zeolite in aqueous solution of CsCl at 140-200 ℃ for 6-24 h. The samples were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, 23Na, 27Al and 133Cs magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, CO2 and NH3-Temperature programmed desorption. The results show that hydrothermal treatment at 200 ℃ allows to obtain higher degrees of ion-exchange （up to 83%） with respect to conventional method giving maximum 66%- 69%. Catalytic properties of Cs-containing FAU（Y） were studied in aniline methylation. The yield of Nomethylani- line is shown to correlate with catalyst＇s basicity. The best catalyst performance was achieved over the catalyst with the highest ion-exchange degree impregnated with CsOH. The selectivity to N-methylaniline over this catalyst reached 96.4%.

关键词： FAU(Y) zeolite ion exchange with cesium aniline alkylation N-methylaniline

Synthesis, X-ray structure and luminescent properties of Sm^(3+) ternary complex with novel heterocyclic β-diketone and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 719-722页

作者： Ilya V. Taydakov boris E. Zaitsev Sergey S. Krasnoselskiy Zoya A. Starikova G. S. Petrov Institute of Plastics JSC Perovskiy proezd 35 Moscow 111024 Russian Federation People's Friendship University of Russia A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences

A new neutral ternary samarium complex Sm（Phen）HL3 in which Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and HL is （1,3-bis（1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl）-1,3-propanedione） was synthesized. Molecular structure of this complex was determined by X-ray diffraction. Under UV-light this complex is demonstrated bright red luminescence （λmax=647 nm）, which was corresponding to the electric dipole 4G5/2→6H9/2 transition in Sm3＋ ion. UV-absorption, excitation and emission spectra of the title compound were investigated.

关键词： samarium pyrazole β-diketone crystal structure photoluminescence rare earths