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Axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment-epigenetic mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 10-15页

作者： bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore

environmental enrichment is known to be beneficial for cognitive *** many animal models of neurological disorders and brain injury,ee has also demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in neurodegenerative diseases and in improving recovery after stroke or traumatic brain *** exact underlying mechanism for these phenomena has been *** findings have now indicated that neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment induces Ca2+influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons results in lasting enhancement of CReB-binding protein-mediated histone ***,in turn,increases the expression of pro-regeneration genes and promotes axonal *** mechanism associated with neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment-mediated pathway is one of several epigenetic mechanisms which modulate axon regeneration upon injury that has recently come to *** other prominent mechanisms,albeit not yet directly associated with environmental enrichment,include DNA methylation/demethylation and N6-methyladenosine modification of *** this brief review,I highlight recent work that has shed light on the epigenetic basis of environmental enrichment-based axon regeneration,and discuss the mechanism and pathways involved.I further speculate on the implications of the findings,in conjunction with the other epigenetic mechanisms,that could be harness to promote axon regeneration upon injury.

关键词： axon regeneration CReB-binding protein DNA methylation/demethylation dorsal root ganglion DRG neurons environmental enrichment epigenetics histone acetylation mechanistic target of rapamycin mTOR phosphatase and tensin homologue PTeN

emergence of life——how and where?——An update based on recent ideas

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 500-510页

作者： bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Republic of Singapore

Panspermic origins notwithstanding, life, assuming that it started on earth, may have taken root as soon as it became geologically permissible. There are multiple possibilities for early biogenesis from complex inorganic/organic geochemistry at diverse geological niches. Recent theoretical calculations have revived the possibility of earth having a rather reduced early atmosphere, and had refueled arguments for a surface origin of life. Laboratory modeling of possible prebiotic RNA polymerization has seen interesting experimental advances, although a plausible replicator-like molecule has not yet been produced. The hydrothermal origin school of thought has also seen an interesting postulation for life’s early emergence and evolution—within contiguous, porous hydrothermal iron-sulfide (FeS) compartments, leading to a non-free living last universal common ancestor (LUCA). A confined LUCA evolving later into free-living archaebacteria and eubacteria could potentially reconcile some problems of molecular divergence between these two kingdoms. There are, however, many unresolved problems, and experimental evidence for such a scheme is lacking. Here, recent updates and refinements to the mainstay hypotheses for the emergence of life on earth are reviewed and discussed.

关键词： emergence/origin of life iron-sulfide (FeS) last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Semaphorin 3A: from growth cone repellent to promoter of neuronal regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 795-796页

作者： bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemMedical Drive Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and engineering National University of SingaporeMedical Drive

Highlight Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue that mediates axonal growth cone repulsion and *** works,however,suggest that it may have the apparently diametrically opposite activity of promoting ... 详细信息

关键词： from growth cone repellent to promoter of neuronal regeneration CNS Semaphorin 3A

Nogo-A and the regulation of neurotransmitter receptors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2037-2038页

作者： bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Nogo-A is known to restrict plasticity in the adult central nervous system,and signalling through its cognate receptors modulates synaptic spine architecture and excitatory glutamate transmission via restricting synaptic glutamate receptor levels and their delivery to the post-synaptic compartments.A recent report now indicates that Nogo-A,signaling through Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2,also strengthens inhibitory gamma amino acid butyric acid(GABA)ergic transmission by limiting the diffusion dynamics of GABAA *** reciprocal modulation of excitatory and inhibitory signaling via neurotransmitter receptor dynamics by Nogo-A likely plays important pathophysiological roles in synaptic plasticity during development and injury.

关键词： restrict likely limiting

Lattice BGK Simulation of Multipolar Vortex Formation

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第5期2卷 533-544页

作者： Gábor Házi Gábor Tóth Theoretical Thermohydraulics Group MTA KFKI Atomic Energy Research InstituteH-1525Konkoly Th29-33BudapestHungary Department of Physics and Chemistry Széchényi István UniversityH-9026Egyetem Tér 1GyörHungary

Analytical and numerical studies have shown that multipolar vortices can emerge in two-dimensional flow due to azimuthal normal mode perturbations of shielded *** has been found that mode 2 and 3 perturbations can lead to the formation of stable tripoles and quadrapoles,respectively,while higher order modes result in more complex unstable compound *** have used the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the effect of azimuthal perturbations on shielded vortices at moderate Reynolds *** have found that azimuthal normal mode perturbations result in the formation of multipoles,which decay due to viscous *** could also observe that the outcome of such simulations is very sensitive to the displacement of perturbations above wavenumber-3 excitations,in spite of the significant viscosity we used.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann method shielded vortex stability

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The liver disease of our age?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9072-9089页

作者： Gábor Firneisz 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Semmelweis University

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that might affect up to one-third of the adult population in industrialised countries. NAFLD incorporates histologically and clinically different non-alcoholic entities; fatty liver (NAFL, steatosis hepatis) and steatohepatitis (NASH-characterised by hepatocyte ballooning and lobular inflammation ± fibrosis) might progress to cirrhosis and rarely to hepatocellular cancer. NAFL increasingly affects children (paediatric prevalence is 4.2%-9.6%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR), obesity, metabolic syndrome and NAFLD are particularly closely related. Increased hepatic lipid storage is an early abnormality in insulin resistant women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. The accumulation of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes is predominantly derived from the plasma nonesterified fatty acid pool supplied largely by the adipose tissue. A few NAFLD susceptibility gene variants are associated with progressive liver disease, IR, T2DM and a higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Although not approved, pharmacological approaches might be considered in NASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular cancer Dysfunctional adipose tissue Type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Obesity Genetics Therapy

Lower bounds on the minimum distance in Hermitian one-point differential codes

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第7期56卷 1449-1455页

作者： KORCHMROS Gábor NAGY Gábor Pétery Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Università della Basilicata Bolyai Institute University of Szeged

Korchmaros and Nagy [Hermitian codes from higher degree places. J Pure Appl Algebra, doi： 10. 1016/***.2013.04.002, 2013] computed the Weierstrass gap sequence G（P） of the Hermitian function field Fq2 （H） at any place P of degree 3, and obtained an explicit formula of the Matthews-Michel lower bound on the minimum distance in the associated differential Hermitian code CΩ（D, mP） where the divisor D is, as usual, the sum of all but one 1-degree Fq2-rational places of Fq2 （H） and m is a positive integer. For plenty of values of m depending on q, this provided improvements on the designed minimum distance of CΩ（D, mP）. Further improvements from G（P） were obtained by Korchmaros and Nagy relying on algebraic geometry. Here slightly weaker improvements are obtained from G（P） with the usual function-field method depending on linear series, Riemann-Roch theorem and Weierstrass semigroups. We also survey the known results on this subject.

关键词： AG code Weierstrass gap Hermitian curve

Novel electrocardiographic dyssynchrony criteria that may improve patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第1期19卷 31-43页

作者： Gábor Katona András Vereckei Department of Medicine and Hematology Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is an evidence-based effective therapy of symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction refractory to optimal medical treatment associated with intraventricular conduction disturbance,that results in electrical dyssynchrony and further deterioration of systolic ventricular ***,the non-response rate to CRT is still 20%−40%,which can be decreased by better patient *** main determinant of CRT outcome is the presence or absence of significant ventricular dyssynchrony and the ability of the applied CRT technique to eliminate *** current guidelines recommend the determination of QRS morphology and QRS duration and the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction for patient selection for ***,QRS morphology and QRS duration are not perfect indicators of electrical dyssynchrony,which is the cause of the not negligible non-response rate to CRT and the missed CRT implantation in a significant number of patients who have the appropriate substrate for *** imaging modalities,many ventricular dyssynchrony criteria were devised for the detection of mechanical dyssynchrony,but their utility in patient selection for CRT is not yet proven,therefore their use is not recommended for this ***,CRT can eliminate only mechanical dyssynchrony due to underlying electrical dyssynchrony,for this reason eCG has a greater role in the detection of ventricular dyssynchrony than imaging *** improve assessment of electrical dyssynchrony,we devised two novel eCG dyssynchrony criteria,which can estimate interventricular and left ventricular intraventricular dyssynchrony in order to improve patient selection for *** we discuss the results achieved by the application of these new eCG dyssynchrony criteria,which proved to be useful in predicting the CRT response in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance pattern(the second greatest group of CRT candidates),an

关键词： patient synchronization eliminate

Collagen 1 signaling at the central nervous system injury site and astrogliosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1600-1601页

作者： Sin Hui Neo bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University Health System Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and engineering National University of Singapore Medical Drive Singapore

Central nervous system （CNS） injuries are often devastating as func- tional recovery via axonal regrowth over the lesion site is very minimal.

关键词： eCM CNS