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Mutual feedback between algal blooming and global warming

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 787-801页

作者： Jianrong MA Guijun YANG Xianfu ZHAO boqiang qin Kun SHAN Botian ZHOU Yan ZENG Jingfu WANG Jingan CHEN Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002China School of Environment and Ecology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Water Resources for Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem Institute of HydroecologyMinistry of Water Resources&Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Global warming and algal blooms have been two of the most pressing problems faced by the world today.In recent decades,numerous studies indicated that global warming promoted the expansion of algal blooms.However,research on how algal blooms respond to global warming is scant.Global warming coupled with eutrophication promoted the rapid growth of phytoplankton,which resulted in an expansion of algal blooms.Algal blooms are affected by the combined effects of global warming,including increases in temperatures,CO_(2)concentration,and nutrient input to aquatic systems by extreme weather events.Since the growth of phytoplankton requires CO_(2),they appear to act as a carbon sink.Unfortunately,algal blooms will release CH4,CO_(2),and inorganic nitrogen when they die and decompose.As substrate nitrogen increases from decompose algal biomass,more N2O will be released by nitrification and denitrification.In comparison to CO_(2),CH4has 28-fold and N2O has 265-fold greenhouse effect.Moreover,algal blooms in the polar regions may contribute to melting glaciers and sea ice(will release greenhouse gas,which contribute to global warming)by reducing surface albedo,which consequently would accelerate global warming.Thus,algal blooms and global warming could form feedback loops which prevent human survival and development.Future researches shall examine the mechanism,trend,strength,and control strategies involved in this mutual feedback.Additionally,it will promote global projects of environmental protection combining governance greenhouse gas emissions and algal blooms,to form a geoengineering for regulating the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus.

关键词： climate change carbon neutrality eutrophication greenhouse gas glaciers melting geoengineering

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Importance and vulnerability of lakes and reservoirs supporting drinking water in China

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 265-273页

作者： Yunlin Zhang Jianming Deng boqiang qin Guangwei Zhu Yinjun Zhang Erik Jeppesen Yindong Tong State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre 8(B)Dayangfang Beiyuan RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100012China Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University8600SilkeborgDenmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityErdemli-Mersin 33731Turkey School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.

关键词： Centralized drinking water source Drinking water safety Lakes and reservoirs Population Water quality

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Responses of alkaline phosphatase activity to wind-driven waves in a large,shallow lake:Implications for phosphorus availability and algal blooms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 143-150页

作者： Jian Zhou Xiaoxia Han boqiang qin Guangwei Zhu Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnuvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Laboratory and Analytical Testing Center Jiangsu Academy of Enuironmental Sciences Environmental Technology Co.LtdNanjing 210036China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for algal growth,thus,a better understanding of phosphorus availability is essential to mitigate harmful algal blooms in lakes.Wind waves are a ubiquitous characteristic of lake ecosystems.However,its effects on the cycling of organic phosphorus and its usage by phytoplankton remain poorly elucidated in shallow eutrophic lakes.A mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of alkaline phosphatase activity fractions to wind waves in large,shallow,eutrophic Lake Taihu.Results showed that wind-driven waves induced the release of alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus from the sediment,and dramatically enhanced phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity.However,compared to the calm conditions,bacterial and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in wind-wave conditions.Consistently,the gene copies of Microcystis phoX increased but bacterial phoX decreased under wind-wave conditions.The ecological effects of these waves on phosphorus and phytoplankton likely accelerated the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and promoted phytoplankton production in Lake Taihu.This study provides an improved current understanding of phosphorus availability and the phosphorus strategies of plankton in shallow,eutrophic lakes.

关键词： Wind waves Alkaline phosphatase activity Phosphorus Plankton phoX

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Remote sensing of cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters: present knowledge and future challenges

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Science Bulletin 2019年第20期64卷 1540-1556页

作者： Kun Shi Yunlin Zhang boqiang qin Botian Zhou Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy ofSciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China

Timely monitoring, detection and quantification of cyanobacterial blooms are especially important for controlling public health risks and understanding aquatic ecosystem dynamics. Due to the advantages of simultaneous data acquisition over large geographical areas and high temporal coverage, remote sensing strongly facilitates cyanobacterial bloom monitoring in inland waters. We provide a comprehensive review regarding cyanobacterial bloom remote sensing in inland waters including cyanobacterial optical characteristics, operational remote sensing algorithms of chlorophyll, phycocyanin and cyanobacterial bloom areas, and satellite imaging applications. We conclude that there have many significant progresses in the remote sensing algorithm of cyanobacterial pigments over the past 30 years. The band ratio algorithms in the red and near-infrared(NIR) spectral regions have great potential for the remote estimation of chlorophyll a in eutrophic and hypereutrophic inland waters, and the floating algae index(FAI) is the most widely used spectral index for detecting dense cyanobacterial blooms. Landsat, MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and MERIS(MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) are the most widely used products for monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in inland waters due to the appropriate temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions. Future work should primarily focus on the development of universal algorithms, remote retrievals of cyanobacterial blooms in oligotrophic waters, and the algorithm applicability to mapping phycocyanin at a large spatial-temporal scale. The applications of satellite images will greatly improve our understanding of the driving mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms by combining numerical and ecosystem dynamics models.

关键词： Cyanobacterial blooms Inland waters Bio-optical properties Satellite MODIS

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Developing a novel quantitative parameter for characterizing spatial distribution of fish following exposure to chemicals and wastewater:Behavioral Gini coefficient

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 129-138页

作者： Xuanyue Chen Yuanyuan Li Zhanfen qin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

While the spatial distribution pattern of fish is increasingly used for toxicological test o chemicals or wastewater,no ideal parameter is available for quantitative assessment of spa tial distribution,especially uneven distribution with multiple hotspots.Here,to develop a quantitative assessment parameter for spatial distribution,the zebrafish were exposed to ethanol,pentylenetetrazole(PTZ),paraquat dichloride(paraquat)and wastewater,followed by a behavioral test in a narrow tank.Behavioral data was acquired and analyzed by id Tracker and MATLAB.By comparing the effects of all treatments on behavior parameters we confirmed that the spatial distribution was more easily altered rather than general loco motor parameters,e.g.0.7-70 mg/L PTZ and 5-20 mg/L paraquat being effective for altering spatial distribution but having little effects on general locomotor parameters.Based on the heatmap,i.e.,the cumulative proportion of grids and that of frequency in grids,we calcu lated the behavioral Gini coefficient(G_(b))for quantitative assessment of fish spatial distri bution.The Gini coefficient ranged from zero to 1,with larger values meaning poorer even ness of spatial distribution.Of note,G_(b)showed smaller coefficient of variations(CV)with3%-19%between replicate tanks in all treatments than the highest frequency(4%-79%),dis playing well robustness.Especially,G_(b)addressed the challenge of the complicated heatmap with multiple hotspots.Overall,the behavioral Gini coefficient we established is an idea parameter to quantitatively assess spatial distribution of fish shoal,which is expected to be applied in toxicity testing for chemicals and wastewater and automatic quality monitoring for surface water and aquaculture water.

关键词： Zebrafish Behavioral test Spatial distribution Behavioral Gini coefficient

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Constraints on the primordial curvature power spectrum by pulsar timing array data:a polynomial parameterization approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第1期76卷 96-104页

作者： qin Fei School of Mathematics and Physics Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi 435003China

The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power spectrum.To effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize it.With the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data set.The constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.

关键词： pulsar timing array scalar-induced gravitational waves inflation

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AI for Supporting the Freedom of Drawing

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 63-88页

作者： Xiaohua Sun Juexiao qin College of Design and Innovation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200082China

Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been developing rapidly in image processing and generation.AI is not only starting to take over repetitive and tedious tasks but is also involved in creative activities.Drawing is one of the areas with the greatest potential for collaboration between humans and AI.It is an important approach to express various information,but due to the lack of appropriate knowledge and skills,ordinary people without long-time training are unable to draw freely.Although there have been various attempts at human-AI collaboration in drawing,it is difficult for researchers to consider the wide variety of specific problems and develop univer-sal methods due to the openness,improvisation,and individuality of drawing.In this paper,we first analysed the contents of drawing and the general creation process in detail.Second,we have described a mechanism for using AI to enable people to regain the freedom of drawing collaboratively.Finally,we have developed a framework that describes methods for analysing specific problems and quickly finding solutions by building connections between the influencing factors in drawing,the demands of humans,and possible implementa-tion options.The framework also reveals a broad scope of possibilities for applying AI to support people in drawing.

关键词： Intention understanding drawing support drawing art human-artificial intelligence(AI)collaboration

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Response of community composition and biomass of submerged macrophytes to variation in underwater light, wind and trophic status in a large eutrophic shallow lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 298-310页

作者： Baili Dong Yongqiang Zhou Erik Jeppesen Kun Shi boqiang qin Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityVejlsovej 258600 SilkeborgDenmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research(SDC) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Light climate is of key importance for the growth, community composition of submerged macrophytes in lakes and, they, in turn, are affected by lake depth and the degree of eutrophication. To test the relationships between submerged macrophyte presence and the ratio of Secchi disk depth(SDD) to water depth, i.e. SDD/depth, nutrients and wind, we conducted an extensive sampling campaign in a macrophyte-dominated area of the eastern region( n = 36) in 2016 in Lake Taihu, China, and combined the data gathered with results from extensive physico-chemical monitoring data from the entire lake. We confirmed that SDD/Depth is the primary factor controlling the community composition of macrophytes and showed that plant abundance increased with increasing SDD/Depth ratio( p 0.4 ensured growth of submerged macrophytes. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen also influenced the growth and community composition of macrophytes( p 0.05). The key to restore the macrophyte beds in the lake is to reduce the nutrient loading. A decrease of the water level may contribute as well in the shallow bays but will not bring plants back in the main part of the lake. As the tolerance of shade and nutrients varied among the species studied, this should be taken into account in the restoration of lakes by addition of plants.

关键词： Underwater light climate Water depth Community composition Macrophyte Eutrophication

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Numerical study on the blocking effect of skin on Flash-Ball Impact and damage assessment

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 532-545页

作者： Dihua Ouyang Chunwei qin Xiaowen qin Qiantao Zhang Xingyu Liu Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055China Analysis and Testing Center Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China Engineering University of PAP Xi'an 710086China

To explore the response law of non-lethal large-size kinetic energy projectiles to blunt attack on skin tissue,and to evaluate the skin injury characteristics of the attacked personnel and the use safety of kinetic energy projectiles.Based on the LS-DYNA simulation software,a three-layer skin simulation model and a Flash-Ball rubber bullet model are established,and the force-time and deformation-time biomechanical corridors of the Flash-Ball rubber bullet impacting human skin tissue are obtained.The corridor curve and the energy transfer and diffusion are analyzed and compared.The safety evaluation of the damage caused by the rubber bullet shooting a human body at different distances is carried out using the empirical formula of the penetration limit.Finally,the safe shooting distance is obtained.The results show that the model used in the simulation has a good correlation with the experimental data,its biomechanical corridor characteristics are different from those of conventional vehicle impact and smallsize projectile response characteristics.The energy transfer and action time of medium and low-speed impact may cause greater damage.The fat layer is the largest energy absorption unit.The minimum safe shooting distance to ensure skin tissue from penetrating damage is 15.8 m,and the limit specific kinetic energy of skin damage is 7.88 J/cm^(2).This study can be extended to the study of biomechanical response law and safety evaluation under the impact of the same type of large kinetic energy projectile,which provides an important theoretical reference for the police to use large kinetic energy projectiles to conduct safe shooting in peacekeeping operations.

关键词： KIPs Blunt strike Biomechanical response Damage analysis

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Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on women related health

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第1期18卷 46-67页

作者： Huichao qin Jiaxing Feng Xiaoke Wu Department of Reproductive Medicine Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150036China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology First Affiliated HospitalHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China

Globally,public health interventions have resulted in a 30-year increase in women’s life expectancy.However,women’s health has not increased when socioeconomic status is ignored.Women’s health has become a major public health concern,for those women from developing countries are still struggling with infectious and labor-related diseases,and their counterparts in developed countries are suffering from physical and psychological disorders.In recent years,complementary and alternative medicine has attracted wide attentions with regards to maintaining women’s health.Acupuncture,a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine,has been used to treat many obstetric and gynecological diseases for thousands of years due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and its effects on stimulating the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system.To fully understand the mechanism through which acupuncture exerts its effects in these diseases would significantly extend the list of available interventions and would allow for more reasonable advice to be given to general practitioners.Therefore,by searching PubMed and CNKI regarding the use of acupuncture in treating obstetric and gynecological diseases,we aimed to summarize the proven evidence of using acupuncture in maintaining women’s health by considering both its effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms behind its effects.

关键词： acupuncture women health clinical efficacy mechanism

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