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Peripheral vestibular system: Age-related vestibular loss and associated deficits

Journal of Otology 2021年第4期16卷 258-265页

作者： Jennifer Coto Carmen L.Alvarez Ivette Cejas Brett M.Colbert bonnie e.levin Joshua Huppert Tatjana Rundek Carey Balaban Susan H.Blanton David J.Lee David Loewenstein Michael Hoffer Xue Zhong Liu University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of OtolaryngologyMiamiFLUSA San Juan Bautista Medical School CaguasPRUSA Medical Scientist Training Program University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Neurology and the Evelyn F.McKnight Brain InstituteMiamiFLUSA University of Pittsburgh Departments of OtolaryngologyNeurobiologyCommunication Sciences&Disordersand BioengineeringPittsburghPAUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Dr.John T.Macdonald Department of Human GeneticsMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health SciencesMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMiamiFLUSA

Given the interdependence of multiple factors in age-related vestibular loss (e.g., balance, vision,cognition), it is important to examine the individual contributions of these factors with ARVL. While therelationship between the vestibular and visual systems has been well studied (Bronstein et al., 2015),little is known about the association of the peripheral vestibular system with neurodegenerative disorders (Cronin et al., 2017). Further, emerging research developments implicate the vestibular system asan opportunity for examining brain function beyond balance, and into other areas, such as cognition andpsychological functioning. Additionally, the bidirectional impact of psychological functioning is understudied in ARVL. Recognition of ARVL as part of a multifaceted aging process will help guide thedevelopment of integrated interventions for patients who remain at risk for decline. In this review, wewill discuss a wide variety of characteristics of the peripheral vestibular system and ARVL, how it relatesto neurodegenerative diseases, and correlations between ARVL and balance, vision, cognitive, and psychological dysfunction. We also discuss clinical implications as well as future directions for research, withan emphasis on improving care for patients with ARVL.

关键词： Peripheral vestibular system Age-related vestibular loss Balance Vision Cognitive Psychological

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Focal alteration of the intraretinal layers in neurodegenerative disorders

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Annals of eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 55-68页

作者： Shriya Airen Ce Shi Zhiping Liu bonnie e.levin Joseph F.Signorile Jianhua Wang Hong Jiang Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Ophthalmic Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences University of MiamiFLUSA

Focal intraretinal alterations have been studied to advance our understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.The current literature involving focal alterations in the intraretinal layers was reviewed through PubMed using the search terms“focal alteration”,“region of interest”,“optical coherence tomography”,“glaucoma”,“multiple sclerosis”,“Alzheimer’s disease”,“Parkinson disease”,“neurodegenerative diseases”and other related items.It was found that focal alterations of intraretinal layers were different in various neurodegenerative diseases.The typical focal thinning might help differentiate various ocular and cerebral diseases,track disease progression,and evaluate the outcome of clinical trials.Advanced exploration of focal intraretinal alterations will help to further validate their clinical and research utility.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography(OCT) focal alteration ocular disease cerebral disorder

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An analysis of Great Salt Lake Winogradsky columns

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1352-1368页

作者： Sierra A.De LeON Anna e.JACKSON William BLACK William THOMAS Matt KRUBACK June BAXTeR bonnie K.BAXTeR Great Salt Lake Institute Westminster UniversitySalt Lake City 84105USA Department of Visual Arts Westminster UniversitySalt Lake City 84105USA Natural History Museum of Utah University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Sergei Winogradsky illuminated revolutionary concepts and produced a tool to visualize complex microbial communities and their metabolisms over time:columns displaying aquatic consortia with variety of niches.We worked with museums in Utah to create Winogradsky columns that would highlight aesthetic properties of the Great Salt Lake(GSL)ecosystem,which has a salinity gradient from the freshwater wetlands to salt saturation.One column,constructed using haloarchaea-rich hypersaline brine and oolitic sand of the lake’s north arm,was enriched with nutrients,and resulted in the desired pink hue over time.After a seven-year maturation period,we examined the microbial taxa present in the water through 16 S/18 S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)gene sequencing.A pigment analysis revealed an abundance of bacteriochlorophyll a.The presence of this pigment coupled with the DNA sequencing results,suggest that the haloarchaea that dominate the GSL brine,were not responsible for the pink coloration,but instead Gammaproteobacteria,especially Halorhodospira species.Among the eukaryotes,the lack of phytoplankton and the abundance of fungi were noteworthy observations.These data likely relate to the reduction of oxygen in a non-aerated sealed system over time.Our second exhibit had the goal of educating museum goers about the varying salinities of Great Salt Lake.Here we employed three distinct columns of water and sediment from this salinity gradient.Observations of these columns overtime gave us information about invertebrate communities in addition to the microbial consortia.Both installations taught us about comparing an artificial environment in a museum setting to the natural ecosystem.Taken together,we present the data collected and lessons learned from using Winogradsky columns in public spaces for teaching about an important saline lake.

关键词： Great Salt Lake Winogradsky halophiles extreme environment museum exhibit

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PeX16 contributions to peroxisome import and metabolism revealed by viable Arabidopsis pex16 mutants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第7期61卷 853-870页

作者： Sarah e.Burkhart Roxanna J.Llinas bonnie Bartel Department of BioSciences Rice University

Peroxisomes rely on peroxins(PeX proteins) for biogenesis, importing membrane and matrix proteins, and fission. PeX16, which is implicated in peroxisomal membrane protein targeting and forming nascent peroxisomes from the endoplasmic reticulum(eR), is unusual among peroxins because it is inserted co-translationally into the eR and localizes to both eR and peroxisomal membranes. PeX16 mutations in humans, yeast, and plants confer some common peroxisomal defects; however, apparent functional differences have impeded the development of a unified model for PeX16 action. The only reported pex16 mutant in plants, the Arabidopsis shrunken seed1 mutant, is inviable,complicating analysis of PeX16 function after embryogenesis. Here, we characterized two viable Arabidopsis pex16 alleles that accumulate negligible PeX16 protein levels. Both mutants displayed impaired peroxisome function-slowed consumption of stored oil bodies, decreased import of matrix proteins, and increased peroxisome size. Moreover,one pex16 allele exhibited reduced growth that could be alleviated by an external fixed carbon source, decreased responsiveness to peroxisomally processed hormone precursors, and worsened or improved peroxisome function in combination with other pex mutants. Because the mutations impact different regions of the PeX16 gene, these viable pex16 alleles allow assessment of the importance of Arabidopsis PeX16 and its functional domains.

关键词： pex16 mutants peroxisome metabolism

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Quantifying relations between altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey R.Ziegeweid Gregory D.Johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick Sara B.levin U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

Background:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,but quantitative relations between specific aspects of streamflow alteration and biological responses have not been developed on a statewide scale in Minnesota.Best sub-sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biological metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIBI)scores and FIBI scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIBI_BCG4).Relations between hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of Minnesota.Results:Regression models demonstrated significant relations between hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-based biological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variability in the biological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory variables.Tolerance-based biological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic metrics.The most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to bankfull flows and aspects of flow variability.Conclusions:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and biological samples throughout the State of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed sizes.Presented methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish communities.Methods also can be applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community samples.

关键词： eflowStats Best subset regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of biotic integrity ecological flows

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无盐鱼蛋白质水解物的制备

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大连水产学院学报 1987年第1期3卷 29-36页

作者：崔铁军 Robert e.levin 大连水产学院美国马萨诸塞州立大学

鱼或鱼废料经蛋白水解酶,碱及酸处理可以制备鱼蛋白质水解物和鱼蛋白质分离物。由于酸碱的中和作用,终产品中常含有大量的盐分。高盐分影响了产品的产率和理化性质。本文提出了一种制备无盐鱼蛋白质水解物的方法,用木瓜蛋白酶及碱处理... 详细信息

鱼或鱼废料经蛋白水解酶,碱及酸处理可以制备鱼蛋白质水解物和鱼蛋白质分离物。由于酸碱的中和作用,终产品中常含有大量的盐分。高盐分影响了产品的产率和理化性质。本文提出了一种制备无盐鱼蛋白质水解物的方法,用木瓜蛋白酶及碱处理黑线鳕骨架,使其液化,然后用酸性酪蛋白代替盐酸中和水解液中的碱。这样制备的鱼蛋白质产品不含由于酸碱中和产生的额外盐分,称为无盐鱼蛋白质水解物。产品产率为16.1％,蛋白质含量为85.96％,可溶性蛋白质含量为61—62％。该产品可作为加工食品的蛋白质添加剂或奶粉的代用品。

关键词：无盐鱼蛋白质水解物制备木瓜蛋白酶碱酸性酪蛋白食品添加剂

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Incidence and consequences of varicella in children treated for cancer in Guatemala

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第3期12卷 320-326页

作者： Amy e.Caruso Brown edwin J.Asturias Mario Melgar Federico A.Antillon-Klussmann Pamela Mettler Myron J.levin Center for Bioethics and Humanities and Department of Pediatrics SUNY Upstate Medical University Center for Global Health and Department of epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA National Unit of Pediatric Oncology Guatemala CityGuatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado Biostatistics ConsortiumColorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA

Background:Varicella-zoster virus infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immune-compromised children,despite treatment with antiviral agents.Universal varicella vaccine programs have significantly decreased this risk in many highincome countries,but in most low-income and middleincome countries,the burden of varicella in children treated for malignancy is poorly defi ned.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed records of children at the National Unit of Pediatric Oncology(UNOP)in Guatemala diagnosed with varicella between January 2009 and March 2013 in order to calculate incidence of varicella and evaluate morbidity,mortality,treatment interruption,and cost.Results:Fifty-nine cases of varicella were identified.Incidence was 23.4 cases per 1000 person-years(p-y).66.1%of cases occurred in children with leukemia(median age 5.2 years;interquantile range 3.4-7 years)and 41.0%of these occurred during maintenance therapy.Source of exposure was identified for 14/59(23.7%)children.Most were hospitalized(71.2%)and given intravenous acyclovir(64.4%).eight(13.6%)children required critical care,and two(3.4%)died from disseminated varicella with multiorgan failure.Chemotherapy was delayed or omitted due to varicella in 50%.No signifi cant differences in outcomes based on nutritional and immunologic status were detected.The minimum average cost of treatment per episode was 598.75 USD.Conclusions:Varicella is a significant problem in children treated for cancer in Guatemala,where effective post-exposure prophylaxis is limited.In the absence of universal varicella vaccination,strategies to improve recognition of exposure and the future use of novel inactivated vaccines currently under investigation in clinical trials could mitigate this burden.

关键词： cancer developing countries immunocompromised host oncology varicella

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Variations of the earth＇s rotation rate and cyclic processes in geodynamics

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2017年第3期8卷 206-212页

作者： B.W. levin e.V. Sasorova G.M. Steblov A.V. Domanski A.S. Prytkov e.N. Tsyba Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics FeB RAS Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Russia Shirshov Oceanology Institute RAS Moscow Russia Schmidt Institute of Physics of the earth RAS Moscow Russia All-Russian Research Institute of Physics-Technic and Radio Measurement (VNIIFFRI) Moscow Russia

The authors analyzed the relationship between variations of the earth＇s rotation rate and the geodynamic processes within the earth＇s body, including seismic activity, The rotation rate of a planet determines its uniaxial compression along the axis of rotation and the areas of various surface elements of the body. The earth＇s ellipticity variations, caused naturally by the rotation rate variations, are manifested in vertical components of precise GPS measurements. Comparative analysis of these variations is considered in view of modern theoretical ideas concerning the earth＇s figure. The results justify further research that is of interest for improvement of space svstems and technologiesi.

关键词： earth＇s rotation rate earth＇s ellipticity Changes in the planet＇s figure Seismic activity Pulsations of the vertical components of GPS measurements

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An empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound： Combining observed and unobserved behavior

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 103-115页

作者： levin, Phillip S. Horne, Peter Andrews, Kelly S. Williams, Greg Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112 USA

Understanding the movement of animals is fundamental to population and community ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to quantify movement patterns of most fishes, but technological advances in acoustic telemetry have increased our abilities to monitor their movement. In this study, we combined small-scale active acoustic tracking with large-scale passive acoustic monitoring to develop an empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound, WA, USA. We began by testing whether a correlated random walk model described the daily movement of sixgills; however, the model failed to capture home-ranging behavior. We added this behavior and used the resultant model (a biased random walk model) to determine whether daily movement patterns are able to explain large-scale seasonal movement. The daily model did not explain the larger-scale patterns of movement observed in the passive monitoring data. In order to create the large-scale patterns, sixgills must have performed behaviors (large, fast directed movements) that were unobserved during small-scale active tracking. In addition, seasonal shifts in location were not captured by the daily model. We added these ‘unobserved’ behaviors to the model and were able to capture large-scale seasonal movement of sixgill sharks over 150 days. The development of empirical models of movement allows researchers to develop hypotheses and test mechanisms responsible for a species movement behavior and spatial distribution. This knowledge will increase our ability to successfully manage species of concern.

关键词：运动模型行为模式跟踪观测鲨鱼海湾季节性变化声学监测运动模式

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Size-dependent structural and magnetic properties of chemically synthesized Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3421-3433页

作者： Changhai Wang Aleksandr A. levin Julie Karel Simone Fabbrici Jinfeng Qian Carlos e. ViolBarbosa Siham Ouardi Franca Albertini Walter Schnelle Jan Rohlicek Gerhard H. Fecher Claudia Felser Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids D-01187 Dresden Germany Institute of Materials for electronics and Magnetism IMEM-CNRI-43124 Parma Italy MIST e-R Laboratory Via Gobetti 101 I-40129 Bologna Italy

Phase transitions and magnetic properties of shape-memory materials can be tailored by tuning the size of the constituent materials, such as nanoparticles. However, owing to the lack of suitable synthetic methods for size-controlled Heusler nanoparticles, there is no report on the size dependence of their properties and functionalities. In this contribution, we present the first chemical synthesis of size-selected Co-Ni-Ga Heusler nanoparticles. We also report the structure and magnetic properties of the biphasic Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 30-84 nm, prepared by a SBA-15 nanoporous silica- templated approach. The particle sizes could be readily tuned by controlling the loading and concentration of the precursors. The fractions and crystallite sizes of each phase of the Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles are closely related to their particle size. enhanced magnetization and decreased coercivity are observed with increasing particle size. The Curie temperature （To） of the Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles also depends on their size. The 84 nm-sized particles exhibit the highest Tc （≈ 1,174 K） among all known Heusler compounds. The very high Curie temperatures of the Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles render them promising candidates for application in high-temperature shape memory alloy-based devices.

关键词： Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles chemical synthesis size magnetic properties

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