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Projected impacts of climate change on the habitat of Xerophyta species in Africa

Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 91-100页

作者： Vincent Okelo Wanga boniface kNgarega Millicent Akinyi Oulo Elijah Mbandi Mkala Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau Guy Eric Onjalalaina Wyclif Ochieng Odago Consolata Nanjala Clintone Onyango Ochieng Moses kirega Gichua Robert Wahiti Gituru Guang-Wan Hu CAS key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun 666303China Botany Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya East African Herbarium National Museums of KenyaP.O.Box 451660-0100NairobiKenya

Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to *** effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their ***,predicting the impact of climate change on speciesappropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity ***,a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa,Madagascar,and the Arabian *** key drivers of Xerophyta habitat distribution and preference are *** 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables,the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six Xerophyta species in Africa under past,current and future climate change *** results showed that the models had a good predictive ability(Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902),indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of Xerophyta *** main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most Xerophyta species were mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18).According to our models,tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for Xerophyta taxa,which is consistent with the majority of documented species *** habitat suitability of the existing range of the Xerophyta species varied based on the climate scenario,with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate *** projected spatiotemporal patterns of Xerophyta species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.

关键词： Africa Climate change MaxEnt model Potential suitable distribution Velloziaceae Xerophyta

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Mapping the habitat suitability of Ottelia species in Africa

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 468-480页

作者： boniface k.Ngarega John M.Nzei Josphat k.Saina Marwa Waseem A.Halmy Jin-Ming Chen Zhi-Zhong Li key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun666303China Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21511Egypt

Understanding the influence of environmental covariates on plant distribution is critical,especially for aquatic plant *** change is likely to alter the distribution of aquatic ***,knowledge of this change on the burden of aquatic macroorganisms is often fraught with ***,a model genus for studying the evolution of the aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae,is mainly distributed in slow-flowing creeks,rivers,or lakes throughout pantropical regions in the *** to recent rapid climate changes,natural Ottelia populations have declined *** modeling the effects of climate change on the distribution of Ottelia species and assessing the degree of niche similarity,we sought to identify high suitability regions and help formulate conservation *** models use known background points to determine how environmental covariates vary spatially and produce continental maps of the distribution of the Ottelia species in ***,we estimated the possible influences of the optimistic and extreme pessimistic representative concentration pathways scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the *** results show that the distinct distribution patterns of studied Ottelia species were influenced by topography(elevation)and climate(e.g.,mean temperature of driest quarter,annual precipitation,and precipitation of the driest month).While there is a lack of accord in defining the limiting factors for the distribution of Ottelia species,it is clear that water-temperature conditions have promising effects when kept within optimal *** also note that climate change will impact Ottelia by accelerating fragmentation and habitat *** assessment of niche overlap revealed that Ottelia cylindrica and *** had slightly more similar niches than the other Ottelia *** present findings identify the need to enhance conservation efforts to safeguard natural Ottelia populations and provide a theoretical basis for the distr

关键词： African freshwater bodies Climate change Ecological niche modeling Habitat suitability Niche overlap

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Access to Child Health Care, Medical Treatment of Sick Children and Childhood Mortality Relationships in kenya

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Health 2014年第11期6卷 1152-1164页

作者： boniface Omuga k’Oyugi Population Studies and Research Institute University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including kenya have gathered information on provision of child health services at facility level from periodic Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys. kenya has also gathered information on medical treatment of sick children at household level from periodic Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). However, establishing how health care information in the SPA surveys relates to childhood mortality and also how these factors relate to medical treatment of sick children in the DHS has been constrained by differences in sample designs of the surveys. This study deployed a fstrategy of constructing community level variables derived from the SPA survey data and incorporated them into DHS data which served as the main data source. The SPA and DHS sampling designs for kenya allow computation of stable estimates of regional demographic and health service indicators at provincial level. This study analyzed information gathered from 690 health facilities in 2010 SPA and 6079 births born less than 60 months from 2008/09 DHS. The study found that access to child health services, waiting time before service in facility and time to the nearest referral facility were significant facilitating factors for medical treatment of sick children. The study also established that waiting time before service in facility was the only access to health care factor which had a significant effect on childhood mortality when HIV prevalence was excluded in the analysis. However, the significance of waiting time before service diminished with inclusion of HIV prevalence. Further research is required to refine definition and measurement for child health care variable on female autonomy.

关键词： Access to Child Health Care Medical Treatment Childhood Mortality kenya

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Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleoproterozoic ultramafic rocks of the Mbi Valley, Boali area, Central African Republic

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第3期41卷 515-535页

作者： Evine Laure Njiosseu Tanko Prince Emilien Danguene Philomene Nga Essomba Tsoungui Sylvestre Ganno Jonas Didero Takodjou Wambo Bertin Guy Takam Tchoupe Gus Djibril kouankap Nono Timoleon Ngnotue boniface kankeu Jean Biandja Jean Paul Nzenti Department of Earth Sciences University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of BanguiP.O.Box 908BanguiCentral African Republic Department of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing School of Mines and Petroleum IndustriesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 08Kaélé-MarouaCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon Department of Geology HTTCUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliBamendaCameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Researches(IGMR) P.O.Box 4110YaoundéCameroon

This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks comprise coarse primary olivine and orthopyroxene relics(dominant phase),magnesio-hornblende,magnetite,and ***-rock analysis indicates low SiO_(2)(average of 43.14 wt%)and high MgO(19.84–26.98 wt%)contents and their Mg number(Mg#)ranges from 74 to ***(526–865 ppm),Cr(1500–3680 ppm)***(Na_(2)O-k_(2)O)-FeO-MgO)and ACM(Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO)ternary diagrams have revealed that the studied samples correspond to arc-related ultramafic ***-normalized REE plots display an increasing trend from La to Sm(CeN/SmN:0.74–1.81),weak negative to no Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.72–1.05)and strong negative Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.33–0.98)*** mantle normalized of multi-element diagrams exhibit LREE enrichment and large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE),and notable negative anomalies in *** suggests the generation of the parent melt by slab dehydration and wedge melting *** addition,incompatible trace element composition and ratios assumed that the source magma had an enhanced mantle source associated with a prominent influence of continental *** of mantle wedge by plate-dehydrated,LILE-rich fluids and the incorporation of sediments derived from subduction explain the enhancement of the *** major and trace element compositions jointly with the tectonic reconstruction of this region and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data on zircon constrain the emplacement age at ca.2099 Ma in a continental margin arc setting involving subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the continental lithosphere,dehydration of the slab and mantle wedge *** result intimate that the remnants of Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust or subduction event and subsequent basins closure extended from

关键词： Atlantic supercontinent Central African Republic Ultramafic cumulate LILE-enriched fluids Arc setting

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The complete plastome sequences of five Aponogeton species(Aponogetonaceae):Insights into the structural organization and mutational hotspots

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Plant Diversity 2020年第5期42卷 334-342页

作者： Virginia M.Mwanzia Ding-XuanHe Andrew W.Gichira Yan Li boniface k.Ngarega Mwihaki J.karichu Peris W.kamau Zhi-Zhong Li CAS key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityXinyang464000China The National Museums of kenya NairobiKenya

Members of the aquatic plant genus Aponogeton are widely used commercially in aquariums because of their variable leaf shape and unique ***,due to extensive similarity between species in this genus,morphological characters are generally inadequate for taxonomic ***,molecular makers available for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Aponogeton are *** approach to clarifying relationships between species in these complex groups is to use divergence hotspot regions within the ***,we sequenced and analyzed the plastomes of five Aponogeton species collected from China,Zambia,and kenya,and subsequently screened these plastomes for divergent DNA *** five plastomes are circular structures with sizes ranging from 154,167 bp to 154,860 *** Large and the Small Single Copies are separated by two Inverted *** hundred and thirteen unique genes were identified including 79 protein-coding,30 tRNA,and four rRNA *** found that the most abundant repeats in all but one species were mononucleotide repeats(A/T)and that there were 23 potential RNA ending ***,a^3 kb inversion,which includes the accD gene,was detected within the Asian species of *** inversion may be related to more frequent exchanges between this region and the nuclear ***,we detected mutational hotspot sites among the five Aponogeton *** of these hotspots are intergenic spacer regions(accD-psaI,rbcL-accD and trnH-GUG-psbA)that might be suitable for use as barcodes to resolve intra-generic *** also identified four highly variable protein-coding genes(ccsA,rpl22,rps16 and ycf1)may be used as barcodes to resolve the higher-level *** study will provide valuable molecular resources for the taxonomic and phylogenomic study of the complex genus Aponogeton.

关键词： Aponogetonaceae Chloroplast genome Phylogenetic analysis Mutational hotspots

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Outcomes of Severely Malnourished Children Aged 6 - 59 Months on Outpatient Management Program in kitui County Hospital, kenya

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期5卷 326-333页

作者： Dorothy Mbaya Lucy kivuti Bitok Anna k. karani boniface Osano Michael Habtu Chuka District Hospital Chuka Kenya School of Nursing Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Pediatrics and Child Health School of Medicine College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Severe acute malnutrition is a widely prevalent problem in developing countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, children with severe acute malnutrition were rehabilitated within inpatient services. Advent of ready to use therapeutic food made it possible to treat majority of these children in their homes. However, there is limited data about the outcomes of the program. Objectives: To determine the outcomes (recovery, default, mean weight gain and non-response rates) of severely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months enrolled in outpatient therapeutic program at kitui County Hospital. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal study design was carried out for one month. Hundred and four (104) children with SAM were recruited in the study. Anthropometric measurements, physical examination and appetite test of the children were conducted on a weekly basis for 28 days. Descriptive analysis was conducted using means, frequency and proportions. Paired t test was computed for mean weight gain and mid-upper arm circumference between admission and subsequent visits. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the recovery rate was 73.3%, weight gain rate of 5.1 g/kg/day, defaulter rate was 2.9% and non-response rate was 13.9% (WHZ = -3SD). Mean weight increased from 6.8 kg on the 1st visit to 7.5 kg in the 4th visit (P = 0.000) and the meanmid-upper arm circumferenceincreased from 11.1 cm at admission to 11.9 cm at 4th visit (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The recovery and weight gain rates were below the global acceptable SPHERE of minimum standards (recovery rate > 75% and weight gain rate > 8 g/kg/day). The defaulter rate was within the acceptable international standards (

关键词： Default Outcomes Recovery Rate Severe Acute Malnutrition Weight Gain

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基于微卫星分子标记研究赞比亚境内海菜花属植物（Ottelia ulvifolia）的遗传多样性及居群遗传结构

基于微卫星分子标记研究赞比亚境内海菜花属植物（Ottelia ulvifo...

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作者： boniface kariuki Ngarega 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)

学位级别：硕士

赞比亚河流系统复杂,它拥有丰富和广泛的水体,主要有五个世界著名淡水生态区,被认为是非洲水生植物多样性最丰富的地区之一。河网系统通常会对水生植物居群遗传多样性及遗传结构产生重要影响,但在赞比亚河流系统中却缺乏相关的研究。赞... 详细信息

赞比亚河流系统复杂,它拥有丰富和广泛的水体,主要有五个世界著名淡水生态区,被认为是非洲水生植物多样性最丰富的地区之一。河网系统通常会对水生植物居群遗传多样性及遗传结构产生重要影响,但在赞比亚河流系统中却缺乏相关的研究。赞比亚河流系统是非洲海菜花属(Ottelia)植物的主要分布区和物种形成中心。本研究以赞比亚境内广泛分布的水鳖科(Hydrocharitaceae)海菜花属水生植物***为研究材料,采用微卫星(SSR)分子标记研究该物种的遗传多样性水平及居群遗传结构,探讨***居群间的历史基因流,评估河流系统对赞比亚***居群遗传分化的影响。本研究集中在赞比亚当前的三个主要淡水生态区:赞比西河上游漫滩(UZF)、Bangweulu-Mweru(BM)和Luangwa-Zambezi河中游(MLZ)。每个***居群选取7-23个个体为代表,对其叶片进行了取样。利用10个SSR多态位点对18个***居群的307个样品进行了基因分型。多重分析用于确定其遗传多样性,同时给出以下估计值:观察杂合度、预期杂合度、等位基因数和有效等位基因数、等位基因丰富度和私有等位基因;采用贝叶斯聚类、主成份分析(PCo A)和未加权算术平均聚类方法(UPGMA)等研究居群间的关系;本研究还进行了以下分析以评估遗传多样性的基本模式:地理距离与遗传距离的相关性、近期的瓶颈效应分析、基因流等;BARRIER软件用于检验河网和流域之间的遗传不连续性;最后,利用全新世中期和末次冰期气候资料对***居群进行生态位模拟,以推断该种的冰期避难所,并预测该物种未来的适生生境。本研究的主要结果如下:(1)基于10个SSR分子标记对***居群的研究结果发现其具有较高的遗传多样性水平(HE=0.425,NT=81,I=0.713,Ar=1.974),本研究认为生物因素,例如:有效的种子传播机制(水力)、居群大小(N)、寿命和繁殖策略(异交),(FIS=0.035),可能是该物种具有较高遗传多样性的主要原因。(2)STRUCTURE、UPGMA树和PCo A分析结果都显示***具有两个明确的遗传簇(k=2);AMOVA结果显示73.70%的遗传分化(FST=0.263)存在于居群内部;Mantel检验显示地理距离与遗传距离没有明显的相关性(r=0.130,P=0.053)。基于这些研究结果,我们认为有限的长距离花粉传播可能是导致物种居群内部遗传变异高的主要原因。此外,性别等因素也可能会影响育种和授粉,从而导致物种的遗传分化。虽然***是异交的、昆虫授粉和多年生的植物,但其不同的居群间中存在较高的分化,开花特性上的差异也可能是造成这一结果的原因之一。(3)在Bangweulu-Mweru和赞比亚中下生态区,仅有三个居群间存在基因流的潜在障碍。而对于其它居群来说,基因流相对较高(NM=0.120-1.571)。诸多因素,例如:复杂的河流系统、没有明显的物理屏障、在雨季存在广泛的易受常年洪水影响的洪泛平原等使得赞比亚FEOWs湿地间具有较大的连通性,这可能是导致流域间存在较大的基因流,从而显著减缓了遗传分化。(4)物种分布模拟(SDM)结果表明,***曾在非洲广泛分布,在南北半球都具有较高的适生性。本研究的结果还表明末次冰期(LGM)之后其物种分布范围存在收缩,在非洲南部和西部有一些潜在的避难所;未来,***的适生生境有可能比目前范围要大。总之,本研究揭示了***在赞比亚存在较高的遗传多样性水平,为了解本物种的遗传多样性及分化提供了资料。居群间较高水平的基因流可能归因于昆虫的长距离传播种子及赞比亚漫滩地区的常年洪水;此外,花的特性对***的居群遗传结构的形成起着重要的作用;然而,赞比亚的复杂的河流系统和连接给***居群间的连通提供了条件,再加上足够的花粉和种子扩散,导致了居群间存在高的基因流,因此本研究中出现了中到低程度的居群遗传分化;最后,SDM的结果显示了冰川扩张的证据,并表明该种在热带非洲的基因流明显较高。据此,我们建议对这些孤立的居群给予关注,并积极探索可能导致***物种形成的因素,并制定对该种的切实有效的保护和管理措施。

关键词： Ottelia ulvifolia 赞比亚遗传多样性遗传结构世界淡水生态区

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Controlled Texturing of Aluminum Sheet for Solar Energy Applications

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2015年第11期5卷 458-466页

作者： Charles Opiyo Ayieko Robinson Juma Musembi Alex Awuor Ogacho Benard Odhiambo Aduda boniface Mutua Muthoka Pushpendra k. Jain Department of Physics University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Physics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Aluminum sheets were polished to reduce ruggedness and then textured in varying acid-ethanol concentration etchant to form pores. The textured surface was characterized structurally by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) which revealed aluminum crystallographic planes (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1). Its morphology was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) that confirmed purity of aluminum sheet to be 99.66% at. Reflectance of textured and plain aluminum sheet was analyzed by spectrophotometric measurements which showed that texturing reduced the reflectance of the polished surface by 26% in the UV-VIS-NIR spectrum of solar radiation. With reduced reflectance of the textured aluminum sheet, it was applicable for solar radiation absorption.

关键词： Aluminum Texturing Reflectance Solar Energy Electro-Polishing

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Referring Physicians’ knowledge on Justification of Medical Exposure in Diagnostic Imaging in a Sub-Saharan African Country, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Radiology 2014年第1期4卷 60-68页

作者： boniface Moifo Annick Laure Edzimbi Haoua Tebere Joshua Tambe Richard Ndi Samba Joseph Gonsu Fotsin Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Radiology Department Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon National Radiation Protection Agency Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Justification is the process of weighing the potential benefit of the exposure against potential detriment for that individual. Its role has been largely delegated to imaging professionals. Nevertheless, justification process involves referring physicians, radiographers and radiologists. Objective: To assess the knowledge of referring physicians regarding justification of irradiating examinations in medical imaging at the university-affiliated hospitals in Yaoundé Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire (18 questions) based on the French guide for the proper use of medical imaging tests in relation to the justification of irradiating examinations, was self-administered to 151 referring physicians in Yaounde (Cameroon) between October 2012 and January 2013. The pre-tested questionnaire was completed in the presence of the investigator. A scoring system was then adopted with a total of 15 points from the level of knowledge on justification which could be classified as satisfactory or not. Results: Referring physicians were 75 (49.7%) GPs, 53 (35.1%) residents and 23 (15.2%) specialists. knowledge on justification was unsatisfactory for 79.5% of referring physicians with no significant difference in terms of professional experience (p = 0.95) or specialty (p = 0.119). The concepts of “useful exam” and “justified exam” were not known by 113 (74.8%) and 95 (62.9%) practitioners. MRI was selected as irradiating by 62 (41.1%), SPECT and PET-scan as non-radiating examinations by 98 (64.9%) and 115 (76.1%) participants. The main reasons for repeating a giving radiology exam were: unsatisfactory interpretation, unknown of where it was performing and poor quality exam respectively for 23 (15.2%), 37 (24.5%) and 43 (28.5%) referring physicians. Justification was the responsibility of the referring physician alone for 57% of respondent. Only 11 clinicians knew the reference of “Justification-Optimization-Limitation” to radiation protection. Conclusion: The k

关键词： Assessment Justification Referring Physician Radiation Protection Best Practices Cameroon

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Evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation priorities for Egyptian chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 183-190页

作者： Sherif Ramadan boniface B. kayang Eiji Inoue keijiro Nirasawa Hiroshi Hayakawa Shin’ichi Ito Miho Inoue-Murayama Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Team National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science Tsukuba Japan Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University Gifu Japan Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Poultry Research Department Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute Seki Japan Wildlife Research Center of kyoto University Kyoto Japan

In this study, 21 microsatellite markers were used to genotype 196 Egyptian local chickens obtained from Fayoumi (n = 35), Dandarawy (n = 30), Baladi (n = 29), Sinai (n = 30), El-Salam (n = 36), and Golden Montazah (n = 36) strains. The results were compared to two pure commercial chicken populations reared in Japan-White Leghorn (n = 42) and Rhode Island Red (n = 43). A total of 162 alleles were observed, with an average of 7.7 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity for the Egyptian chickens was 0.595. The closest pairwise Nei’s genetic distance was recorded between Sinai and Golden Montazah (0.038) and the smallest pairwise FST value (0.006) was observed between Baladi and Sinai. The most probable structure clustering of the eight studied populations was at k = 6. Baladi, Sinai and Golden Montazah strains were clustered together forming admixed mosaic cluster. Dandarawy ranked firstly and contributed the most to aggregate genetic diversity based on two prioritization methods. The information resulting from this study may be used as an initial guide to design further investigations for development of sustainable genetic improvement and conservation programs for the Egyptian chicken genetic resources.

关键词： Conservation Egyptian Chickens Genetic Diversity Microsatellite Population Structure

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