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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu xuefeng Wu Dong xu Yanjun xu Suijian xue Yongquan xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao xu Jingjing xu Xinpeng xu Yunfei xu Zhao xu Changbin xue Yulong xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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Enhancing insights into Global Cancer Statistics 2022: implications for cancer control

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 294-296页

作者： Jingtong xu Runtian Wang Xiaoxiang Guan Department of Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical University

Globally, there has been a marked escalation in tumor morbidity and mortality,cementing tumors as the predominant cause of death in numerous *** the current tumor burden across various regions is imperative to discern potential risk factors and formulate efficacious strategies for tumor ***, the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) provided a status report on the global tumor burden,estimating the incidence and mortality of 36 cancers in 185 countries(Bray et al.,2024).

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Permutation orbifolds of vertex operator superalgebras and associative algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期 19-38页

作者： Chongying Dong Feng xu Nina Yu Department of Mathematics University of California at Santa Cruz Department of Mathematics Huzhou University Department of Mathematics University of California at Riverside School of Mathematical Sciences Xiamen University

Let V be a vertex operator superalgebra and g =（1 2 ···k） be a k-cycle which is viewed as an automorphism of the tensor product vertex operator superalgebra V■*** this paper,we construct an explicit isomorphism from Ag(V■k) to A（V） if k is odd and to Aσ（V） if k is even where σ is the canonical automorphism of V of order 2 determined by the superspace structure of *** recover previous results by Barron（2016）and Barron and Vander Werf（2014） that there is a one-to-one correspondence between irreducible g-twisted V■k-modules and irreducible V-modules（*** σ-twisted V-modules） when k is odd（***）.This explicit isomorphism is expected to be useful in our further study on the Zhu algebra of the fixed point subalgebra.

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Copper-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization enabled by programmed alternating current

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 10-11页

作者： Zhoumei Tan Kun xu Chengchu Zeng Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology College of Chemistry and Life Science Beijing University of Technology

Synthetic electrochemistry has been selected as one of the Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry in 2023 by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)[1]. It has emerged as a sustainable platform for organic synthesis and has exhibited a wide range of applications from academia to industry [2]. However, electrosynthesis has been predominantly performed by using direct current (DC).

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Approach from the laboratory to the field: New strategies in the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 303-305页

作者： Ziqian xu Lianpan Dai Jun Liu National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Vector-borne viruses, transmitted among humans and animal hosts through bites of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks,pose a great and ongoing threat to public health and biosafety(Yang et al., 2022).Among them, dengue virus-induced epidemics, have dramatically increased worldwide in recent decades. The report released by the World Health Organization(WHO) at the end of 2023 showed that dengue epidemic globally surged in2023, with the number of reported cases nearing a historical peak.

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经“O”点穿刺与传统单侧入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折

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中国组织工程研究 2025年第15期29卷 3165-3170页

作者：徐雨果黄家虎王清徐双王松西南医科大学附属医院骨科四川省泸州市646000 四川省科技城医院四川省绵阳市621000

背景:单侧穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折优于双侧穿刺入路,由于L_(5)特殊解剖形态和位置特殊,传统单侧穿刺入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折适用性差,因此提出“O”点穿刺入路来解决该问题... 详细信息

背景:单侧穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折优于双侧穿刺入路,由于L_(5)特殊解剖形态和位置特殊,传统单侧穿刺入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折适用性差,因此提出“O”点穿刺入路来解决该问题。目的:比较经横突基底部-椎弓根后上部-关节突外侧交点(“O”点)入路与传统单侧入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院2020年1月至2022年12月收治的54例L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折行经“O”点入路或传统经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗的患者,根据手术方式分为2组,“O”点入路组(A组)29例,传统入路组(B组)25例。术前在X射线正位片测量A组“O”点与髂棘位置及穿刺角度;比较两组术前与术后第2天、末次随访的局部Cobb角、椎体前缘、中部高度及骨水泥分布情况;术前、术后第2天及末次随访采用疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评估患者疼痛缓解情况与日常生活能力,记录手术相关并发症。结果与结论:①A组手术时间、术中透视次数均少于B组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);⑤术后骨水泥分布,A组分布良好占97%(28/29),B组分布良好占88%(22/25),A组明显优于B组(P<0.05);⑥提示经“O”点穿刺入路与传统入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效满意,但“O”点穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨水泥分布更满意,还可避免高髂棘对L_(5)椎体穿刺入路的影响。

关键词：骨质疏松性压缩骨折经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形 “O”点 L_(5)椎体骨水泥

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Impacts of Nutlin-3a and exercise on murine double minute 2-enriched glioma treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1135-1152页

作者： Yisheng Chen Zhongcheng Fan Zhiwen Luo xueran Kang Renwen Wan Fangqi Li Weiwei Lin Zhihua Han Beijie Qi Jinrong Lin Yaying Sun Jiebin Huang Yuzhen xu Shiyi Chen Department of Sport Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hainan Province Clinical Medical CenterHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainan ProvinceChina Department of Basic Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Shanghai General HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityNational Children’s Medical CenterShanghaiChina Department of Rehabilitation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural *** role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of *** used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other *** demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by *** underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune *** comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma *** also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic ***-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 *** efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or *** using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway ***,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing *** results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma *** research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.

关键词： exercise and SUMO-related gene signatures(ESLRS) glioblastoma management low-grade glioma natural bioactives neural regeneration physical exercise

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Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1042-1057页

作者： Jiangjie Chen Jinyang Chen Chao Yu Kaishun Xia Biao Yang Ronghao Wang Yi Li Kesi Shi Yuang Zhang Haibin xu xuesong Zhang Jingkai Wang Qixin Chen Chengzhen Liang Department of Orthopedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Qiandongnan Prefecture People’s Hospital KailiGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they *** the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains ***,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic *** this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic *** spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic ***,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial *** metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of *** rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell *** available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord *** further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.

关键词： axons glycolysis metabolic reprogramming metabolism mitochondria neural regeneration neuroprotection oxidative phosphorylation spinal cord injury therapy

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主动式气膜冷却对高超声速飞行器等离子体鞘套的影响

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中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文） 2025年第1期64卷 250-256页

作者：徐春光张源耕中山大学航空航天学院广东深圳518107

以钝锥模型为研究对象,采用热化学非平衡计算方法并结合可压缩N-S方程、SST k-ω湍流模型,对钝锥模型肩部台阶喷流和头部逆向喷流流场进行了数值模拟。在考虑不同喷流压强、喷口位置和数量等因素的基础上,分析了主动式气膜冷却对等离子... 详细信息

以钝锥模型为研究对象,采用热化学非平衡计算方法并结合可压缩N-S方程、SST k-ω湍流模型,对钝锥模型肩部台阶喷流和头部逆向喷流流场进行了数值模拟。在考虑不同喷流压强、喷口位置和数量等因素的基础上,分析了主动式气膜冷却对等离子体鞘套的影响。结果表明:高超声速飞行器采用主动式气膜冷却技术时,喷口的数量、位置及喷流压强对等离子体密度均具有显著的影响。肩部的切向喷流可有效抑制模型壁面附近的等离子体密度,进而可能对高频电磁波的传输和目标雷达散射截面(RCS)产生影响。头部逆向喷流可显著改变等离子体的分布情况,不同的逆向喷流参数配置会导致明显的差异。

关键词：高超声速飞行器等离子体鞘套主动式气膜冷却热化学非平衡双温模型

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Based on non-targeted metabolomics for differential components screening of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos and their quality evaluation

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Traditional Medicine Research 2025年第2期10卷 1-15页

作者： xu Liang Ni-Hui Zhang Zhi-Lai Zhan Guang-Lu Chang Yan Gao Xia Li Wen-Yuan Gao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Faculty of MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin 300193China State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises Tianjin 300402China

Background:Rosa chinensis *** Rosa rugosa *** not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional *** two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar *** addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal ***,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography ***,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large *** compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and ***:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the *** principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four *** least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavon

关键词： Rosa chinensis Jacq. Rosa rugosa Thunb. metabolomics chemometrics multiple component quantification quality evaluation

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