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Pattern and Outcome of Diseases among Children Presenting in the Emergency Room of a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 538-553页

作者： Uchenna C. Onubogu boma A. west Department of Paediatrics & Child Health Rivers State University/Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Children’s emergency care is a critical aspect of Paediatric health care. Evaluation of the emergency room would audit the quality of care provided and give insight into the epidemiology of the diseases that cause morbidity and mortality. Aim: To determine the pattern and outcome of diseases seen in the children’s emergency room. Methodology: This was a retrospective review of the children’s emergency room register of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt Nigeria from Jan 2015 to May 2017. Results: A total of 1965 patients were evaluated, and there were more males 1082 (55.1%) with an M: F ratio of 1.3 :1, their ages ranged from one day old to 16 years old with 57.1% (1131) aged < 2 years old. The five common indications for emergency room visits were all infectious diseases and they included malaria 360 (18.3%), sepsis 234 (11.9%), gastroenteritis 204 (10.4%), upper respiratory tract infections 173 (8.8%), and bronchopneumonia 155 (7.9%). The common non-infectious indications were trauma 115 (5.9%), acute asthma 103 (5.2%), and sickle cell disease 81 (4.1%). Among the children who visited the emergency room for a consult, 886 (45.1%) were not admitted, 893 (45.5%) of them were discharged, mortality was recorded in 62 (3.2%) and 81 (4.1%) left the hospital against medical advice. Conclusion: Children within the first 5 years of life constituted the highest number of patients seen in the children’s emergency room with male predominance. Infectious diseases accounted for more than two-thirds of the cases.

关键词： Emergency Children Malaria Sepsis Gastroenteritis Pneumonia Nigeria

Combined human growth hormone and lactulose for prevention and treatment of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第19期11卷 2981-2983页

作者： Hui-GuoDing JingShan BinZhang Hong-boma LiZhou RuiJin Yu-FenTan Li-XiangHe DepartmentofGastroenterologyandHepatology BeijingYouanHospitalCapitalUniversityofMedicalSciencesBeijing100054China

AIM: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of combined recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and lactulose for treatment and/or prevention of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B. METHODS: Forty-eight inpatients with chronic severe hepatitis B were randomly divided into rhGH group (n = 28)and control group (n = 20). In rhGH group, 4-4.5 IU of rhGH was injected intramuscularly once daily for 2-4 wk,and 100 mL of enema containing 30 mL of lactulose, 2 g of metronidazole and 0.9% saline was administered every 2 d for 2-4 wk. Their symptoms and complications were noted. Liver and kidney functions were analyzed by an Olympus analyzer. Serum GH, IGF-1, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 were measured by ***: Clinical symptoms of 90% of these patients in rhGH group were obviously improved. The total effectiveness in rhGH group was better than that in control group (75% vs40%, P＜0.05). After 2- and 4-wk treatment of rhGH respectively, serum albumin (26.1±4.1 vs 30.2±5.3,31.9±5.1 g/L), prealbumin (79.6±28.0 vs 106.6±54.4,108.4±55.0 g/L), cholesterol (76.3±16.7 vs 85.6±32.3,96.1±38.7 mg/dL), and IGFBP1 (56.8±47.2 vs 89.7±50.3ng/mL after 2 wk) were significantly increased compared to control group (P＜0.05). However, serum GH was decreased. The increase of serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 after rhGH treatment was also ***: rhGH in combination with lactulose may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with chronic severe hepatitis.

关键词： Chronic severe hepatitis B Multiple organ dysfunction Human growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor-1 Lactulose

Effects of site productivity on individual tree maximum basal area growth rates of Eucalyptus pilularis in subtropical Australia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1659-1668页

作者： P.W.west Forest Research Centre Southern Cross UniversityLismoreNSW 2480Australia

Inventory data were available from 96 plots of even-aged,monoculture,tall-open forests of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith,aged 2-63 years,growing in sub-tropical regions along the east coast of Australia.A model was developed relating the maximum possible stem basal area growth rate of individual trees to their stem basal *** any tree size,this maximum increased as site productivity ***,the size at which this maximum occurred decreased as productivity *** research has shown that,at any stand age,trees of a particular stem basal area are taller on more productive sites than on less productive *** trees incur greater respiratory costs to ensure maintenance of the photo synthetic capacity of their canopies;this reduces their growth *** was concluded that trees with larger basal areas will have the maximum possible growth rate on a less productive site,whilst trees with smaller basal areas will have the maximum possible on a more productive *** model developed may constitute the first stage of a complete individual tree growth model system to predict wood yields from these forests.

关键词： Growth model Individual tree Maximum growth rate Eucalyptus pilularis Physiological eff ects

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Do increasing respiratory costs explain the decline with age of forest growth rate?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 693-712页

作者： P.W.west Forest research centre southern cross universitylismorensw 2480australia

Once forests have achieved a full canopy, their growth rate declines progressively with age. This work used a global data set with estimates from a wide range of forest types, aged 20-795 years, of their annual photosynthetic production(gross primary production, GPP) and subsequent above-plus below-ground biomass production(net primary production, NPP). Both GPP and NPP increased with increasing mean annual temperature and precipitation. GPP was then unrelated to forest age whilst NPP declined progressively with increasing age. These results implied that autotrophic respiration increases with age. It has been proposed that GPP should decline in response to increasing water stress in leaves as water is raised to greater heights as trees grow taller with age. However, trees may make substantial plastic adjustment in mor phology and anatomy of newly developing leaves, xylem and fi ne roots to compensate for this stress and maintain GPP with age. This work reviews the possibilities that NPP declines with age as respiratory costsincrease progressively in, any or all of, the construction and maintenance of more complex tissues, the maintenance of increasing amounts of live tissue within the sapwood of stems and coarse roots, the conversion of sapwood to hear twood, the increasing distance of phloem transport, increased turnover rates of fine roots, cost of supporting very tall trees that are unable to compensate fully for increased water stress in their canopies or maintaining alive competitively unsuccessful small trees.

关键词： Primary production Photosynthesis Respiration Biomass growth Ageing

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Problems with models assessing influences of tree size and inter-tree competitive processes on individual tree growth:a cautionary tale

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 565-577页

作者： P.W.west D.A.Ratkowsky Forest Research Centre Southern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia

In forest growing at any one site, the growth rate of an individual tree is determined principally by its size, which reflects its metabolic capacity, and by competition from neighboring trees. Competitive effects of a tree may be proportional to its size;such competition is termed ‘sym-metric’ and generally involves competition below ground for nutrients and water from the soil. Competition may also be ‘asymmetric’, where its effects are disproportionate to the size of the tree;this generally involves competition above ground for sunlight, when larger trees shade smaller, but the reverse cannot occur. This work examines three model systems often seen as exemplars relating individual tree growth rates to tree size and both competitive processes. Data of tree stem basal area growth rates in plots of even- aged, monoculture forest of blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis Smith) growing in sub-tropical eastern Australia were used to test these systems. It was found that none could distin-guish between size and competitive effects at any time in any one stand and, thus, allow quantification of the contribution of each to explaining tree growth rates. They were prevented from doing so both by collinearity between the terms used to describe each of the effects and technical problems involved in the use of nonlinear least-squares regression to fit the models to any one data set. It is concluded that quite new approaches need to be devised if the effects on tree growth of tree size and competitive processes are to be quantified and modelled successfully.

关键词： Symmetric competition Asymmetric competition Tree growth rate Growth modeling Nonlinear modeling

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SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF LIQUID ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1986年第1期4卷 24-34页

作者：张兴华,Robert west Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison W1 53706 U.S.A.

Liquid organosilane polmers have been synthesized by sodium coupling of diorganodichloro-silanes with diphenylmethylchlorosilane in toluene. These polysilanes can be formed into desiredshape by potting, casting or coating and crosslinked under ultraviolet irradiation in the presenceof multifunctional vi?ylsilanes. The molecular weight distributions, infra-red, ultraviolet andnuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the organosilane polymers have been described.

关键词： Poly SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF LIQUID ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS OC GPC

ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS: OXIDATION—CROSSLINKABLE CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENESILYLENE POLYMER AND COPOLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1987年第2期5卷 156-161页

作者：张兴华 Robert west Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing China Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison U.S.A.

Polysilane polymers containing cyclotetramethylenesilylene units were synthesized by sodium coupling of diorganodichlorosilanes in toluene. These polymers are soluble in common solvents, can be formed into a variety of shapes by molding, castihg, coating or potting. They can be crosslinked by irradiation and oxidation at moderate or room temperature.

关键词： Polysilane polymers Cyclotetramethylenesilylene polymer

ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF FORMABLE POLYMERS CONTAINING PHENYLSILYLENE UNITS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1987年第3期5卷 240-253页

作者：张兴华,Robert west Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing) Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison U. S. A.

Polysilane polymers which contain silicon hydride units in the chain were synthesized by sodium coupling of PhHSiCl2with R1R2SiCl2in toluene （R1and R2alkyl, aryl or aralkyl）, followed by termination with a monochlorosilane and neutralization with sodium bicarbonate solution. These polymers are soluble in common solvents and can be formed into a variety of shapes by molding, casting, coating or potting. This class of polymers can be crosslinked by oxidation and irradiation, or by reaction with a multifunctional vinylsilane in th presence of platinum complexes.

关键词： Organosilane Polymer crosslinking phenylsilylene

Spousal Involvement in the Workplace of Doctors: What Is Defined as Appropriate or Inappropriate

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 187-203页

作者： Uchenna Onubogu boma Oyan Martha Okorie Department of Paediatrics & Child Health Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to determine the prevalence and extent of spousal involvement in physicians’ workplaces as well as the outcome of such involvement on doctor’ swell-being, productivity, and relationship with colleagues. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey on spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors was conducted among 83 responding doctors from July to August 2023. Results: Among the respondents, 60 (72.3%) had witnessed a doctor’s spouse being involved in the workplace. The most common reason for spousal involvement in the workplace was to protect the spouse from what they perceived as a threat 34 (54.0%). Spouse’s ignorance of boundaries in the workplace (OR: 6.09 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.79) P: 0.003) and exertion of control by the spouse (OR: 11.2 (95% CI: 2.26, 56.41) P: 0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace, while expression of love for spouse with acts of kindness was significantly associated with a lowered odd of inappropriate spousal involvement (OR: 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.36) P: 0.0001). Conclusion: Spousal involvement in the workplace is relatively common. Ignorance of the boundaries of the workplace and exertion of control by the spouse were significant enablers of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors. The establishment of workplace policies that define the limits of spousal involvement in the doctor’s workplace can foster a healthy workspace environment, enhance doctors’ well-being, and improve patient care.

关键词： Spouse Workplace Involvement Hospital Healthcare Workers Conflicts Appropriate