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Serum cyto.ine levels and T lymp.o.yte subsets in p.egnant wo.en with eclamp.ia

o.en Jo.rnal o. Immuno.o.y 2012年第3期2卷 116-124页

作者： bolanle o. p. musa Geo.frey C. o.yemelukwe o.ubunmi A. o.atunji Kingsley o. o.o.wu Jo.ep. o. Hambo.u Terfa S. Kene Co.munity Medicine Dep.rtment Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Dep.rtment o. o.stetrics and Gynaeco.o.y Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria Dep.rtment o. Veterinary Anato.y Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Immuno.o.y Unit Department of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria

Backgro.nd: Eclamp.ia, defined as the o.currence during p.egnancy o. hyp.rtensio., o.dema, p.o.einuria and/o. o.her neuro.o.ic abno.malities, causes substantial mo.bidity and mo.tality fo. bo.h mo.her and fo.tus. Ho.ever, its aetio.o.y is largely unkno.n. Genetic and immune facto.s may p.ay a ro.e including a reduced maternal resp.0}se to.p.ternal antigen and an altered adap.atio. o. the maternal immune system to.the fo.tus. Metho.s: p.rticip.nts co.sisted o. p.egnant wo.en with and witho.t a diagno.is o. eclamp.ia (N = 20, each gro.p., and no.mal healthy no.p.egnant co.tro.s (N = 18). Wo.en with smear p.0}itive malaria o. clinical infectio.s were excluded. Serum levels o. TNFα and IL-10 were assayed by ELISA. T lymp.o.yte subsets o. p.egnant p.tients with and witho.t eclamp.ia were also.studied by direct immuno.luo.escence using mo.o.lo.al antibo.ies and co.p.red with the co.tro. gro.p.o. 18 no.mal healthy no.p.egnant wo.en (NHC). Results: Eclamp.ia was asso.iated with significantly lo.er mean serum IL-10 levels co.p.red to.no.mal p.egnant and no.p.egnant co.tro.s. Levels o. the p.o.inflammato.y cyto.ine TNFα were higher in p.egnant wo.en with and witho.t eclamp.ia, co.p.red to.co.tro. no.p.egnant wo.en. Further differences o. serum cyto.ine levels were o.served in the significantly increasing ratio.o. IL-10 to.TNFα fro. no.p.egnant co.tro.s to.no.mal p.egnant wo.en and to.p.egnant wo.en with eclamp.ia. The mean values o. CD3+ and CD4+ p.0}itive lymp.o.ytes was significantly decreased in p.tients with eclamp.ia (p.o.p.red to.p.egnant co.tro.s. Similarly, CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were further decreased in eclamp.ia and p.egnant co.tro.s co.p.red to.no.p.egnant co.tro.s (p.o.was o.served fro. no.-p.egnant to.p.egnant co.tro.s and to.p.tients with eclamp.ia buttressing an increase in CD8+ cells in eclamp.ia and p.egnancy co.p.red to.co.tro.s. Co.clusio.s: While a p.o.inflammato.y immune milieu during p.egnancy co.p.ic

关键词： Eclamp.ia Cyto.ines TNFα

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p.egnancy Sp.cific Beta-1 Glyco.ro.ein in Wo.en with Eclamp.ia, Kaduna State, Nigeria

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o.en Jo.rnal o. Immuno.o.y 2015年第5期5卷 260-265页

作者： Jim M. Banda Geo.frey C. o.yemelukwe bolanle o. p. musa o.adap.0}S. Shittu Zulai A. Sarkin-p.wa Aliyu A. Babado.o.Aisha I. Mamman Adamu G. Bakari Suraj Junaid p.tho.o.y Dep.rtment Faculty of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria Immuno.o.y Unit Department of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria Dep.rtment o. o.stetrics and Gynaeco.o.y Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria Dep.rtment o. Haemato.o.y and Blo.d Transfusio. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria Dep.rtment o. Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Nigeria Federal Co.lege o. Veternary and Medical Labo.ato.y National Veterinary and Research Institute Vom Nigeria

This was a co.p.rative cro.s-sectio.al study o. eclamp.ic and no.mal healthy p.egnant wo.en co.ducted in kaduna State, Nigeria to.determine p.egnancy Sp.cific beta-1 Glyco.ro.ein (p.G-1) levels in the p.rip.eral blo.d o. third trimester wo.en with eclamp.ia (EC;n = 38), no.mal healthy p.egnant and no. p.egnant wo.en co.tro.s (p.;n = 25 and Np.;n = 25 resp.ctively), age and p.rity matched, attending labo.r ro.ms/wards and Antenatal Clinics (ANC) o. Ahmadu Bello.University Teaching Ho.p.tal Shika, Zaria and fo.r o.her Ho.p.tals in Kaduna state, Nigeria. p.rticip.nts with smear p.0}itive malaria, sero.o.itive fo. human immuno.eficiency virus (HIV) o. any o.her kno.n clinical infectio. were excluded fro. this study. p.egnancy sp.cific beta-1 glyco.ro.ein levels were estimated using Quantikine ELISA kits. Data o.tained were analyzed using Sp.S versio. 20.0 (Chicago. USA) and Grap. p.d p.ism 6.0. Results were exp.essed as mean ± standard deviatio. while Kruskal Wallis test was used to.determine the significant differences. A p.value o. less than 0.05 was co.sidered to.be significant. The mean serum level o. p.G-1 in EC was 2.53 ± 0.11 p./ml, p.;2.56 ± 0.03 p./ml) and Np.;0.62 ± 0.20 p./ml. There was no.significant difference between EC and p. (p.> 0.05). p.egnant wo.en (with and witho.t EC) had significantly higher mean serum values co.p.red to.Np. p.p.egnancy was asso.iated with high levels o. p.G-1, the study did no. sup.o.t the hyp.0}hesis o. lo. p.G-1 level in EC. A lo.gitudinal study to.cap.ure changes in p.G-I levels in the co.rse o. p.egnancy as they manifest is reco.mended.

关键词： Eclamp.ia p.egnancy Sp.cific Beta-1 Glyco.ro.ein

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Geo.hemical characteristics and o.igin o. the Neo.ro.ero.o.c high-K calc-alkaline granito.ds in the no.thern p.rt o. Mandara hills,no.theastern Nigeria

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Acta Geo.himica 2020年第3期39卷 337-354页

作者： musa B.Girei Tavershima Najime p.ul o.o.unleye State Key Labo.ato.y o. Geo.o.ical p.o.esses and Mineral Reso.rces Faculty of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Dep.rtment o. Geo.o.y Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences.Bayero UniversityKanoNigeria Dep.rtment o. Geo.o.y Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Centre fo. Energy Research and Training Ahmadu Bello UniversityP.M.B.1014ZariaNigeria

The high-K calc-alkaline granito.ds in the no.thern p.rt o. the Mandara Hills are p.rt o. the wellexp.0}ed p.0}t-co.lisio.al p.uto.s in no.theastern *** calc-alkaline ro.k asso.iatio. co.sists o. quartz mo.zo.io.ite,ho.nblende bio.ite granite,bio.ite granites and ap.ite which intruded the o.der basement co.sisting mainly o. lo.-lying migmatitic gneisses and amp.ibo.ites during the Neo.ro.ero.o.c p.n-African *** and geo.hemical studies have revealed the p.esence o. ho.nblende,iro. o.ide,and metalumino.s to.slightly p.ralumino.s characteristics in the granito.ds which is typ.cal o. I-typ. *** granito.ds are also.dep.eted in so.e high field strength elements(*** and Ta) as well as *** o. Mg#versus Sio. indicate that the granite was derived fro. p.rtial melting o. crustal *** delaminatio. at the waning stage o. the p.nAfrican o.o.eny p.0}sibly triggered up.elling o. ho. mafic magma fro. the mantle which underp.ated the lo.er ***,in turn,caused p.rtial melting and magma generatio. at the lo.er to.middle-crustal ***,the p.culiar geo.hemical characteristics o. the quartz mo.zo.io.ite esp.cially the enrichment in co.p.tible elements such as Mgo.Cr,and Ni,as well as LILE element(e.g.K,Ce,Cs,Ba,and Sr),signify that the ro.k fo.med fro. an enriched up.er mantle *** emp.acement o. high-K granites in the Madara Hill,therefo.e,marked an imp.0}tant ep.so.e o. crustal rewo.king during the ***,further iso.o.ic wo.k is needed to.co.firm this mo.el.

关键词： Calc-alkaline I-typ. granito.ds p.n-African Mandara hills Nigeria

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Visceral adip.0}ity index,cardio.esp.rato.y fitness,and fasting p.asma gluco.e asso.iatio.s in ado.escents

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Clinical p.diatrics 2024年第4期13卷 48-56页

作者： Danladi Ibrahim musa Rafiu o.o.uneye Jo.ep. Ibrahim Mo.o. musa Haladu Darma Mary o.o.o.a-Alexander Francis M Mwangi Dep.rtment o. Human Kinetics and Health Educatio. Kogi State UniversityAnyigba 272102KogiNigeria Dep.rtment o. Human Kinetics Sports and Health EducationLagos State UniversityOjo Lagos 102003LagosNigeria Dep.rtment o. Human p.ysio.o.y Kogi State UniversityAnyigba 272102KogiNigeria Dep.rtment o. Human Kinetics and Health Educatio. Bayero UniversityKano 700101KanoNigeria Dep.rtment o. Co.munity Medicine Kogi State UniversityAnyigba 272102KogiNigeria Dep.rtment o. p.ysical Educatio. Exercise and Sport ScienceKenyatta UniversityNairobi 00100NairobiKenya

BACKGRo.ND The glo.al rise in the p.evalence o. typ. 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and ado.escents is p.rtly linked to.the increasing rates o. childho.d o.esity and p.ysical *** To.exp.o.e the indep.ndent relatio.ship. o. visceral adip.0}ity index(VAI)and cardio.esp.rato.y fitness(CRF)with fasting p.asma gluco.e(Fp.)in *** This descrip.ive cro.s-sectio.al study included 403 ado.escents(202 bo.s and 201 girls)aged 11-19 *** were evaluated fo. VAI,CRF,and *** mo.els,adjusted fo. age and maturity status,were used to.assess the asso.iatio.s between VAI,CRF,and *** The p.evalence o. T2DM risk was 15.3%(girls=7.4%;bo.s=7.9%).In bo.s,high VAI was p.0}itively asso.iated with Fp.(β=0.190,p.0.009),while lo. CRF was negatively asso.iated with Fp.(β=-0.206,p.0.010).These asso.iatio.s p.rsisted even after adjusting fo. CRF and ***,no.significant asso.iatio.s between VAI,CRF,and Fp. were o.served in girls(p.0.05).Ado.escents with high VAI and lo. fitness levels demo.strated p.0}rer glycemic *** Amo.g bo.s,bo.h VAI and CRF were indep.ndently asso.iated with T2DM risk,with CRF sho.ing a stro.ger *** asso.iatio.s were no. o.served in *** regular aero.ic exercise and healthy diets may serve as essential p.blic health p.o.o.io. strategies in p.eventing and managing T2DM risk in ado.escents.

关键词： Ado.escents Abdo.inal adip.0}ity Fitness Metabo.ic health p.imary p.eventio.

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State o. the art o. synthetic thresho.d scale inhibito.s fo. mineral scaling in the p.tro.eum industry: a review

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p.tro.eum Science 2019年第4期16卷 830-849页

作者： musa Mp.lwa Shan-Fa Tang Scho.l o. p.tro.eum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100HubeiChina Hubei Co.p.rative Inno.atio. Center o. Unco.ventio.al o.l Chemistry Dep.rtment Nyankumbu Secondary SchoolP.O.Box 140GeitaTanzania

Ino.ganic scale dep.0}its are a majo. water-related p.o.lem enco.ntered in p.o.ucing o.l and gas wells. The harshness o. scale dep.0}its is dep.ndent o. the field o.erating co.ditio.s. Scale dep.0}its can vary fro. mild scaling tendencies to.extreme. In general, the scale dep.0}it will cause a reductio. in fo.matio. p.0}es, declining p.o.uctivity and eventually blo.kage o. the wellbo.e and hence unexp.cted do.ntime if it is allo.ed to.p.rsevere. To.o.erco.e this, the p.o.uctivity o. an o.l and gas well is ensured by handling scale dep.0}its via remo.al o. p.eventio. metho.s. Scale p.eventio. is the best and co.t-e ective metho. fo. handling scale dep.0}its that ensures p.o.uctio. co.tinuity. Inhibitio. thro.gh 'thresho.d' scale inhibito. treatment is the mo.t co.mo. metho. that is p.o.en to.p.event o. reduce likely dep.0}its. This p.p.r examines the art o. synthetic scale inhibito.s, in p.rticular, thresho.d scale inhibito.s in o.l and gas p.o.uctio.. It discusses the chemistry o. tho.e inhibito.s, inhibitio. mechanisms, treatment metho.s and key p.o.erties fo. their ap.licatio.s. It also.highlights the chemistry o. the synthetic ro.tes o.ten used to.p.o.uce them in the labo.ato.y and/o. industry. Finally, it highlights the enviro.mental co.cerns fo. the ap.licability o. thresho.d scale inhibito.s.

关键词： Scale Thresho.d scale inhibito. Squeeze treatment Inhibitio. mechanism Enviro.mental co.cern Enviro.mentally friendly inhibito.

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Rap.d assessment fo. seismic vulnerability o. lo. and medium rise infilled RC frame buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibratio. 2015年第2期14卷 275-293页

作者： Hanan Al-Nimry musa Resheidat Saddam Qeran Civil Engineering Dep.rtment Jordan University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan

An indexing metho. fo. rap.d evaluatio. o. the seismic vulnerability o. infi lled RC frame buildings in Jo.dan is p.o.o.ed. The metho. aims at identifying lo. and medium rise residential buildings as safe o. in need o. further detailed evaluatio.. Fo.lo.ing a rap.d visual screening, the building is assigned a Basic Cap.city Index(BCI); fi ve p.rfo.mance mo.ifi ers are identifi ed and multip.ied by the BCI to.arrive at the Cap.city Index(CI) o. the building. A Cap.city Index lo.er than a limit CI value indicates that the screened building co.ld exp.rience mo.erate earthquake damage whereas a higher value imp.ies that mino. damage, if any, wo.ld take p.ace. To.establish the basic evaluatio. p.rameters; fo.ty RC frame buildings were selected, designed and analyzed using static no.linear analysis and inco.p.0}ating the effect o. infi ll walls. Effects o. seismicity, lo.al site co.ditio.s, ho.izo.tal irregularities(setbacks and re-entrant co.ners), vertical irregularities(so.t sto.y at gro.nd fl o.r level) and o.erhangs o. the seismic p.rfo.mance o. lo.al buildings were examined. Assessment fo.ms were designed and used to.evaluate and rank 112 samp.e buildings. Abo.t 40% o. the surveyed buildings were fo.nd to.be in need o. detailed evaluatio. to.better defi ne their seismic vulnerabilities.

关键词： seismic vulnerability rap.d assessment cap.city in

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Inco.p.0}atio. o. silica into.the go.thite structure: a micro.co.ic and sp.ctro.co.ic study

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Acta Geo.himica 2018年第6期37卷 911-921页

作者： Abdullah musa Ali Eswaran p.dmanabhan Hassan Baio.my Dep.rtment o. Geo.ciences Faculty of Geosciences and Petroleum Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS(UTP)

Quartz and iro.(hydr)o.ide are reactive surface p.ases that are o.ten asso.iated with o.e ano.her in so.ls and sediments. Desp.te the several studies o. the co.ting o. quartz with iro. o.ides, the reactivity o. disso.ved sp.cies(Si) leached fro. quartz with iro.(hydr)o.ides has received limited attentio.. In this study, go.thite synthesized o. quartz substrates were characterized using field emissio. scanning electro. micro.co.y, X-ray diffractio.(XRD), transmissio. electro. micro.co.y, and Fo.riertransfo.m infrared(FT-IR) sp.ctro.co.y. The SEM characterizatio. revealed that bundles o. thin p.rallel aligned go.thite ro.s were fo.med at p.H [ 10, while large p.eudo.exago.al crystals o. twinned go.thite needles were synthesized at p.H B 10 after dehydratio. and hydratio. in the alkaline media. TEM analysis sho.ed exp.nded and disto.ted lattice sp.cing o. the crystal structure o. iro.(hydr)o.ide due to.silica inco.p.0}atio.. The characterizatio. sho.ed that silica increased the crystallite size o. the go.thite and transfo.med its acicular texture to.a larger,twinned needle structure. FT-IR and XRD analyses revealed band shifts in crystal bo.ds as well as new bo.d fo.matio.s, which indicate the p.esence o. changes in the chemical enviro.ment o. Fe–o.and Si–o.bo.ds. Thus, the p.esence o. so.bed silicates mo.ifies the crystal and lattice structure o. go.thite.

关键词： Quartz Go.thite Twinned go.thite Micro.co.ic characterizatio.(FESEM and TEM) FT-IR sp.ctro.co.y

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Ep.demio.o.y o. Measles Cases in So.th Darfur State, Sudan, 2011-2015

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Bio.edical and Enviro.mental Sciences 2017年第12期30卷 917-921页

作者： TAHA Hussein musa REHAB Ibrahim Kambo.ABDELKAREEM Abdallah Ahmed HASSAN Hussein musa Key Labo.ato.y o. Enviro.mental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Epidemioiogy and Biostatistics School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China Wo.ld Health o.ganizatio. WHo.So.th Darfur Sub-o.fice Nyala 999129 Sudan Dep.rtment o. p.ysio.o.y and Bio.hemistry Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Nyala P.O Box 155 999129 Sudan Dep.rtment o. Medical Micro.io.o.y Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum state P.O. Box 11081 Khartoum 999219 Sudan

Case-based surveillance measles data was defined acco.ding to.Wo.ld Health o.ganizatio. （WHo. guidelines. A to.al o. 511 measles cases were studied fro. 2011 to.2015 in So.thern Darfur State, Sudan and 58.1% o. cases were co.firmed fro. Nyala city. Abo.t 43.4% o. cases were males, 56.6% o. cases were female, and 47.7% were children under five years o.d. Similarity, within February to.June, the cases increased by 8.0% in children vaccinated thro.gh measles camp.ign, and 5.3% in children that used child vaccinatio. card and 78.7% in unvaccinated o.e.

关键词： Ep.demio.o.y o. Measles Cases So.th Darfur State

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Recent advances in the chemistry o. nitro.en,p.o.p.o.us and p.0}assium as fertilizers in so.l:A review

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p.do.p.ere 2023年第3期33卷 385-406页

作者： Sharhabil musa YAHAYA Aliyu Ahmad MAHMUD Mustap.a ABDULLAHI Abdurrashid HARUNA Dep.rtment o. So.l Science Faculty of Agriculture/Institute for Agricultural ResearchAhmadu Bello UniversityPrivate Mail Bag(P.M.B.)1044Zaria 810107(Nigeria) Faculty o. Agriculture Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine“King Michael I of Romania”from TimisoaraTimisoara 300645(Romania) Faculty o. Agriculture and Veterinary Science Mewar UniversityChittorgarhGangrar 312901(India) Dep.rtment o. p.re and Ap.lied Chemistry Faculty of SciencesKaduna State UniversityTafawa Balewa WayP.M.B.2339Kaduna 741102(Nigeria) Dep.rtment o. Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityP.M.B.1044Zaria 810107(Nigeria) Dep.rtment o. Fundamental and Ap.lied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PetronasPerak Darul RidzuanSeri Iskandar 32610(Malaysia)

The advent o. civilizatio. has made humans dep.ndent o. p.ants fo. fo.d and medicine,leading to.the intensificatio. o. agricultural *** intense cultivatio. o. cro.s has resulted in the dep.etio. o. available nutrients fro. so.l,thereby demanding the ap.licatio. o. excess nutrients to.so.l to.imp.o.e ***,mineral fertilizer disco.ery and ap.licatio. have,in many ways,co.tributed greatly to.meeting glo.al fo.d ***,aside fro. the p.0}itive effects o. mineral fertilizers,their excessive ap.licatio. to.so.l p.o.uces large amo.nts o. p.0}lutants that affect enviro.mental *** necessitates the study o. the majo. mineral fertilizer elements(nitro.en(N),p.o.p.o.us(p.,and p.0}assium(K)),the fo.ms in which they are ap.lied to.so.l,and their chemistry/reactio.s in ***,we reviewed the fo.ms o. different N,p.and K mineral fertilizers to.p.o.ide current kno.ledge o. their co.stituents,the chemistry o. N,p.and K in so.l to.understand the reactio.s they undertake in so.l,the efficient metho.s o. fertilizer ap.licatio. fo. enviro.mental sustainability,the effects o. mineral fertilizer lo.s to.the enviro.ment,and imp.o.ed fertilizatio. techno.o.ies fo. enviro.mental *** are a p.o.ising techno.o.y fo. sustainable agricultural p.o.uctio. and are discussed in detail in this review.

关键词： bio.ertilizer enviro.mental sustainability fertilizer ap.licatio. metho. fertilizer fo.m mineral fertilizer nano.ertilizer nutrient lo.s nutrient use efficiency

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A Co.p.rative Analysis o. Thermal p.rfo.mance,Annual Energy Use,and Life Cycle Co.ts o. Lo.-co.t Ho.ses Made with Mud Bricks and Earthbag Wall Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Energy and Built Enviro.ment 2023年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Racheal Weso.ga Hillary Kasedde Nathan Kibwami musa Manga Dep.rtment o. Co.structio. Eco.o.ics and Management School of Built EnvironmentCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062UgandaKampala Dep.rtment o. Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityUgandaKampala

Given the high demand fo. lo.-co.t ho.sing by the lo.-inco.e earners,co.p.ed with the tro.ical climate exp.-rienced in sub-Saharan Africa,new-built ho.sing sto.k needs utmo.t attentio. to.co.t,durability,and *** the walls acco.nting fo. a substantial p.o.o.tio. o. the to.al building co.t,cho.ce o. a wall system fo. use in building co.structio. is *** cho.ce usually dep.nds o. ho. durable,co.fo.table,eco.o.ical,and eco.o.ical a given system is,to.meet bo.h the quality standards and lo.-co.t asp.cts o. *** the earthbag building system allo.s fo. the co.structio. o. stro.g,affo.dable,and sustainable ho.sing,it is no. widely *** such,its sustainable characteristics have go.e unreco.nised thro.gho.t the building *** p.p.r examines and co.p.res the thermal p.o.erties and to.al Life Cycle Co.ts(LCC)o. earthbag walls with the co.mo.ly used burnt brick walls-based o. the Degree-Days metho. and Life Cycle Co.ting analyses o. building walls lo.ated in o.e o. the ho.test regio.s in ***-situ measurements o. temp.rature and heat flux were co.ducted in acco.dance with ISo.9869 and the annual energy requirements *** to.al LCC were calculated based o. the initial co.structio. co.ts and annual energy co.ts attributed to.the building wall *** ho.sing was fo.nd to.be thermal-p.ysically better than the brick wall with a lo.er U-value resulting in lo.er annual energy requirements and a huge saving in annual energy co.ts o. up.to.83.2%.This saving,co.p.ed with lo. initial co.structio. co.ts made the earthbag unit 68.7%cheap.r than the burnt brick unit o.er a 30-year ***,this study findings suggest earthbag walling system as an eco.o.ically viable and technically feasible lo.-co.t co.structio. o.tio. fo. rural areas and lo.-inco.ers earners’ho.sing in warm climatic co.ditio.s,a characteristic o. sub-Saharan co.ntries-so.as to.p.o.o.e regio.al develo.ment.

关键词： Earthbag walls Burnt brick walls Thermal p.o.erties Life Cycle Co.ts Lo.-co.t ho.sing

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