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New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 595-610页

作者： Frances Theunissen Phillip K.West Samuel Brennan bojan petrovic Kosar Hooshmand P.Anthony Akkari Matt Keon Boris Guennewig Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science NedlandsWAAustralia Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia GenieUs Genomics Pty Ltd SydneyNSWAustralia Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyamperdownNSWAustralia Division of Neurology Duke University Medical CentreDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective,early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.Motor neurons have long axonal projections,which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability,anterograde and retrograde transport,and signaling between neurons.The formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins,and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions,including ALS,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.Furthermore,it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately linked.Therefore,dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization,may be common pathways in the initial steps of neurodegeneration.Here we review and discuss known contributors,including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities,which modify cytoskeletal integrity,axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative diseases.Additionally,we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.

关键词： Cytoskeleton Neurofilament Mitochondria Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Neurodegeneration Axonal transport Gut microbiome

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Photometric Analysis of Three Potential Red Nova Progenitors

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第10期22卷 103-110页

作者： Surjit S.Wadhwa Ain De Horta Miroslav D.Filipovic N.F.H.Tothill bojan Arbutina Jelena petrovic Gojko Djurasevic School of Science Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Astronomy Faculty of MathematicsUniversity of BelgradeStudentski trg 1611000 BelgradeSerbia Astronomical Observatory Volgina 711060 BelgradeSerbia

We present photometric analysis of three bright red nova progenitor contact binary systems:ASAS J082151-0612.6,TYC 7281-269-1 and TYC 7275-1968-1.The primary components in all three systems are solar-type low mass stars with radii somewhat larger than their zero age main sequence counterparts.The secondaries,as in most contact binary systems,have radii and luminosities well above their main sequence counterparts.All three have extremely low mass ratios ranging from 0.075 to 0.097 and two have high degrees of contact,in excess of 75%.All three have mass ratios and separations below the theoretical values for orbital stability.Chromospheric activity,a hallmark of magnetic activity and magnetic braking,considered important in mediating angular momentum loss,is also explored.All three systems demonstrate the O’Connell effect,and all systems require the introduction of star spots for a better light curve solution.In addition,we show that ASAS J082151-0612.6 and TYC 7281-269-1 have a UV color excess in the range indicating high chromospheric activity.Another measure of potential significant magnetic activity is X-ray luminosity;TYC 7275-1968-1 and probably also TYC 7281-269-1 have X-ray luminosity well above other contact binary systems.We conclude that it is likely that all three are unstable and hence are potential merger candidates.

关键词： (stars:)binaries eclipsing-techniques photometric-stars low-mass

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