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Effect of the Zagros Mountains on the Spatial Distribution of Precipitation

Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第3期5卷 218-231页

作者： bohloul alijani Professor of climatology and Director of Center of Excellence for Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards Tarbiat Moallem UniversityTehranIran

In order to examine the effect of the Zagros Mountains on precipitation, first, the annual and Seasonal rainfall indices （rain days frequency, rain amount, daily rainfall intensity, and heavy rains） from 43 stations in 1995 - 2004 between the 30° N to 35° N parallels over the mountain range were analyzed. Second, the effect of the Zagros Mountains was studied through the computation of the spatial correlations between the precipitation parameters and the topographic indices （station site elevation, station mean elevation within a radius of 2.5 km, mean elevation of 9 blocks along each of the eight Cartesian directions, and the elevation differences of these 9 blocks from the station mean elevation）. The results showed that in the cold season the maximal rainfall occurs on the upper range of west slope, while in warm season it spreads over the study area. The correlations between precipitation and elevation indices were positive on the north of the stations and negative on the south of the stations, that is, the higher elevations of the stations to the north force the uplifting of the moist air masses and increase rainfall at the stations, while the lower elevations to their south lead the movement of the moist air masses to the stations. This is due to the fact that these stations or slopes are exposed to the moist air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. The heavy rain days and the summer sporadic rain events do not show significant correlations with the topographic indices. The findings indicate that the Zagros Mountains intensify the cold period frontal rains especially over the west slope and block the moist air masses from entering the interior parts of the country. Moreover, these mountains play a secondary role in creating rain days. But they are very important in the production of precipitation in the area. Therefore, their absence will decrease the amount of rainfall to their west and, in return, expand the dry climates of their we

关键词： Zagros Mountains spatial distribution of rainfall relationship between topography and precipitation Iran

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The Effect of the Land Use/Cover Changes on the Floods of the Madarsu Basin of Northeastern Iran

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第4期2卷 373-379页

作者： Ali Panahi bohloul alijani Hosein Mohammadi 不详

In order to understand the effect of the land use/cover change on the hydrologic regime of the Madarsu Basin in Golestan province of Iran, we selected the two floods of June 1964 and June 2003 with equal amount of rainfall but different rate of runoff. For these floods the closest time images of MODIS were selected. On these images we analyzed the land use/cover types and calculated their area and change rate between two floods. We also calculated the Curve Number (CN) for each land use/cover type according to the US Soil Conservation System (SCS) model. The results showed that: the intensity of the peak floods has increased from 1960 to 2002, and the natural lands of forests, rangelands, and bare lands have been decreased from 1960 to 2002. While the agricultural lands showed increase during the same period. The CN value has also increased during the study period causing the decrease of moisture retention capacity of the soil. As a result, despite the equal rainfall, the discharge rate of 2003 flood was about 10 times larger than that of the 1964 flood, which is the direct effect of the land use/cover change from the stable forests and rangelands to the unstable agricultural lands on the both soil moisture retention capacity and run off rate.

关键词： Land-Use/Cover Destructive Flooding Madarsu Bain floods Gorgan River Floods Remote Sensing and River Floods Floods in Iran

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A comparison of three surface roughness characterization techniques:photogrammetry,pin profiler,and smartphone-based LiDAR

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 2422-2439页

作者： Zohreh alijani Julien Meloche Alexander McLaren John Lindsay Alexandre Roy Aaron Berg Department of Geography Environment and GeomaticsUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada Département de Géomatique Appliquée Université de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada Département des Sciences de l’Environment Université du Québec à Trois-RivièresTrois-RivièresCanada

Surface roughness plays an important role in microwave remote *** the agricultural domain,surface roughness is crucial for soil moisture retrieval methods that use electromagnetic surface scattering or microwave radiative transfer ***,improved characterization of Soil Surface Roughness(SSR)is of considerable *** this study,three approaches,including a standard pin profiler,a LiDAR point cloud generated from an iPhone 12 Pro,and a Structure from Motion(SfM)photogrammetric point cloud,were applied over 24 surface profiles with different roughness variations to measure surface *** objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of smartphone-based LiDAR technology to measure surface roughness parameters and compare the results of this technique with the more common *** showed that the iPhone LiDAR technology,when point cloud data is captured in a fine-resolution mode,has a significant correlation with SfM photogrammetry(R2=0.70)and a relatively close agreement with pin profiler(R2=0.60).However,this accuracy tends to be greater for random surfaces and rough profiles with row structure *** results of this study confirm that smartphone-based LiDAR can be used as a cost-effective,fast,and time-efficient alternative tool for measuring surface roughness,especially for rough,wide,and inaccessible areas.

关键词： LiDAR surface roughness structure from motion iPhone pin profiler

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Analyzing Factors Affecting Erosion and Sedimentary Deposits Using the Empirical Method of PSIAC

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第8期7卷 1078-1093页

作者： Abdolreza alijani Armita alijani Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Mohsen Aleali Geology-Sedimentary Lithology and Sedimentology Department of Geology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Offshore and Marine Structure Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

PSIAC empirical method is considered as one of the methods calculating and estimating the amount of erodibility and sedimentation of sedimentary deposits in sedimentary basins and dams’ reservoirs. This method is based on analyzing nine influential factors including: surface geology, solid, weather, runoff, unpaved area, limited plant coverage, land usage, high lands erosion, river erosion and sediment transportation. These factors are rated according to their level of importance. The case study of this research is Lali Water Catchment, Khuzestan, Iran. The amount and intensity of adorability will be ranked as low, moderate and high. This research is based on field work, laboratorial studies and analyzing results obtained from statistics. Results indicated that the unpaved area and high land erosion are identified as the most effective factors, respectively. In contrast, runoff and surface geology are considered as the lowest rate. Other factors reflect moderate effects. Since any significant studies have not been done in this regard, the current research can present a new method to scrutinize the empirical effects of these factors. It is noteworthy to highlight that different methods are compared with each other in order to scrutinize the amount of erodibility in most studies, but the present study has analyzed the influential factors of the sub-methods of one major method. This essay focuses on the affectability of each one of the nine factors, independently. In conclusion, the outcomes of this research can contribute to identify and determine suitable alternatives to stabilize sedimentary basins and increase the life span of dams and watershed management projects and also reduce the destructive effects of floods. Additionally, it contributes civil projects in such lands.

关键词： Erodibility Sedimentation PSIAC Empirical Method Sedimentary Basins Dams’ Reservoir

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Evaluating the Amount of Erodability and Sedimentation by Comparing Sediment Weight Model and PSIAC Experimental Model (Case Study: Lali Water Catchment, Khuzestan, Iran)

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第8期6卷 692-702页

作者： Abdolreza alijani Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Mohsen Aleali Mohammad Reza Espahbod Ali Meysami Department of Geology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Geology Shahr-e-Ray Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

The upstream water catchments are the main source providing sediments in rivers and sedimentary basins. The balance between the erosion phenomenon and the amount of sediment entering into the basin relies on the geometrical specifications and the morphology of the river along the water catchment direction and the amount and type of the sediments. The sedimentary feed of rivers and basins are changed for the sake of natural factors or human disturbances. The river and basin react against this change in that their shape, morphology, plan and profile get changed due to the increase or decrease of the input sediment into the basin. It is essential to know the sediment amount produced by erodability and sedimentation of upstream basins and effects of projects and also to evaluate the amount of sedimentary load in base studies, civil projects, optimizing rivers and dam construction studies specially calculating the amount of sediment amount entering into the dams’ reservoirs in order to take engineering decisions and related alternatives. Sediment Weight Model and PSIAC Experimental Model are recognized as two common methods calculating the amount of the produced sediment caused by erosion applied in this research. Holistically, these methods have been used and compared. Although the results are almost close to one another, more sediment load has been produced in PSIAC method. As more affective parameters are used to cause erosion and produce sediment in PSIAC experimental model, it is recommended to refer to the results of this method because they are closer to reality.

关键词： Erodability Sedimentation Water Catchment Sedimentary Basin The Sediment Weight Model PSIAC Experimental Model

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Evaluating Sediment Production Caused by the Lithology of the Geological Formations in Sedimentary Basins (Case Study: Lali Area, Khuzestan, Iran)

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第9期6卷 996-1013页

As sediments are produced and accumulated in sedimentary basins especially in dams’ reservoirs and they highly affect the reservoirs life span, it is essential to scrutinize the effect of lithology and types of geological formations of an area on the life span of reservoirs specifically from the viewpoints of the erodability of these formations due to their lithology type. Lali area, Khuzestan, Iran and the water catchment of the intended area (based on geological situation and Taraz dam situation) are placed in the sedimentary-structural zone of the folded Zagros. The method of this research is based on analyzing the topography and geology maps and field work in order to identify the lithology of the geological formations. In fact, the amount of its erodability has been characterized by the type of the geological formations. The current research aims at putting the geological results, lithological data of the formations types and the outcrop of the soil-lithological units together in order to evaluate the sedimentary and erosive factors of these units and precisely identify the area’s geological formations to remove the ambiguities in this issue. Studies indicate that formations made of looser gypsum and marl like Pabde-Gurpi and Gachsaran are exposed to more sedimentation and erosion than the formations made of compacted lime stone and conglomerate with silica-lime cement such as Bakhtiary and Asmari formations and the sand stones of Aghajari formation reveal the moderate to high resistance. Thus, the lithological identification of the formations, the type of sediments and their looseness and hardness contribute to detect the amount and type of deposits entering into the dam reservoir. The type and amount of these transported and deposited sediments are assessed to predict more suitable optimized ways to exploit dams’ reservoirs.

关键词： Geological Formations Lali Area (Khuzestan) Sedimentation Settlement Lithology

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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Buried Steel Pipes under Moving Loads

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第1期7卷 1-11页

作者： Bahram Navayi Neya Mehdi alijani Ardeshir Ali Aghajani Delavar Mohammad Zaman Roshan Bakhsh Faculty of Civil Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran Mazandaran Gas Company Sari Iran

The three-dimensional response of buried steel pipes under vehicle loads is investigated using the finite element analysis. The analysis is conducted using the finite element program ABAQUS. The effects of the vehicle parameters, pipeline parameters and soil parameters on the response of the buried pipeline were discussed. The results indicate that the maximum principal stresses in a buried pipe under vehicle loads are significant for burial depths of less than 1 m. The maximum principal stresses of the buried pipeline decrease as the burial depth, vehicle velocity and surrounding soil’s elasticity modulus increase. For small burial depths, the stresses in buried pipes caused by vehicle motion in the direction normal to the pipe axis are more critical. However, the effects of motion direction are insignificant when the burial depth and the surrounding soil’s elasticity modulus increase. As the diameter of a buried pipe decreases, the maximum principal stresses increase.

关键词： Buried Steel Pipeline Vehicles Load Motion Direction Numerical Simulation Stress

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Dissemination of carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from educational hospitals in Qazvin province of Iran

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Infectious Diseases Research 2024年第1期5卷 3-7页

作者： Shahin Bolori Somayeh alijani Zahra Hadi Saina Shegefti Amir Peymani Rasoul Samimi Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvin ***Iran. Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvin ***Iran.

Background:Acinetobacter baumannii(***)is known as an opportunistic pathogen related to health-care-associated infection that has a high antibiotic resistance potential,notably against carbapenems that are widely used to combat *** *** study aimed to detect oxacillin-hydrolyzing(OXA)carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases(MBL)among carbapenem-resistant *** isolated strains and to determine their clonal relationship by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR(rep-PCR).Methods:In the present study,a total of 211 non-repetitive isolates of *** were collected from Qazvin educational hospitals(2016–2017).The disk diffusion method was used to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of studied strains,followed by the detection of MBL and OXA-type genes using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and sequencing *** rep-PCR method assessed the clonal relationship of carbapenem-non-susceptible *** ***:The obtained results showed that 87.2%and 86.7%of isolates were non-susceptible to imipenem and *** blaOXA-24(93.5%)was the most frequent gene,followed by the blaOXA-23(4.34%),blaIMP-1(1.63%),and blaVIM-1(0.54%).Meanwhile,blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-143 genes were not found.81.5%and 66.1%of isolates contained ISAba1 upstream of the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-58 genes,***-PCR results revealed the carbapenem non-susceptible isolates belonged to three distinct clones:A 171(81%),B 34(16.1%),and C 6(2.8%).Conclusions:The results indicated a high prevalence of carbapenem-non-susceptible ***,with the emergence of the blaOXA-24 gene as the most common gene and the notable prevalence of MBL *** results revealed the need for appropriate therapeutic and infection control strategies and monitoring susceptibility patterns for controlling *** infections.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Carbapenemase Metallo-β-lactamases Repetitive extragenic palindromic(rep)-PCR

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The Prevalence of Brain and Neck Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures in Teaching Hospitals of Rasht in 2016

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第11期8卷 631-637页

作者： Ali Khalighi Sigaroudi Seyed Mohammad Talebzadeh Babak alijani Safa Motevasseli Saied Dashtyari Zeinab Davoudmanesh Mahsa Shariati Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Sciences Research Center Faculty of Dentistry Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran Craniomaxillofacial Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Craniomaxillofacial Research Center Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shariati Hospital Tehran Iran

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brain and neck injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures in teaching hospitals of the city of Rasht in 2016. This is an analytical retrospective study. Some 361 patients of the training centers of Rasht who had been diagnosed with maxillofacial fractures entered the study, 286 of which were male and 75 were female. Information was collected through questionnaires and patients’ records who admitted to Emergency Department of Poursina and Velayat Hospitals with maxillofacial fractures. The patients were examined to see whether they have brain and cervical spine injuries. The diagnosis of the fracture and brain and neck injuries had been separately written by the related doctors on the records of the patients based on clinical examination and Plain radiography and CT scans. After data collection, the results were analyzed. The results showed that 61 percent of the fractures were due to accidents. Among the most common spine damages, 77 percent were related to bone fractures. The highest frequency of brain damages was related to Extradural Hematoma by 23.65 percent. Results of the treatments also showed that 76% of the patients were partially recovered.

关键词： Brain Injuries Neck Injuries Maxillofacial Fractures

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A Simple Combined Antegrade Radiological and Retrograde Endoscopic Procedure to Recanalise Fibrotic Hypopharyngo-Oesophageal Occlusions: Technical Description and Lessons from Clinical Outcome in Three Cases

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第5期2卷 179-185页

作者： Mohammed S. Miah Ian A. Zealley Afshin alijani Barry McGuire Rodney E. Mountain Suresh Mahendran Department of Anaesthesia Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School Dundee UK Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School Dundee UK Department of Radiology Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School Dundee UK Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee Medical School Dundee UK

Background: Complete hypopharyngo-oesophageal occlusion is a rare complication of head and neck radiotherapy and a range of other conditions. Absolute dysphagia is accompanied by aspiration and dependence on gastrostomy feeding. The condition presents a substantial management challenge. Surgical approaches to re-establish pharyngo-oesophageal continuity are varied, highly invasive and are associated with unpredictable outcomes. Minimally invasive techniques employing endoscopic and radiological techniques are emerging. This report describes a multidisciplinary approach which translates two interventional radiology techniques used in the management of central venous occlusions and biliary strictures to the management of three cases of complete hypopharyngo-oesophageal occlusion. Methods: Three cases with different underlying aetiologies had treatment initiated between 2009 and 2011. Antegrade pharyngoscopic access to the occlusions was accompanied by retrograde endoscopic access via a small gastrostomy. Luminal continuity was re-established by the interventional radiology technique of “sharp recanalisation” followed by passage of a wide bore nasogastric tube which was maintained in situ for 4-6 months, a duration of treatment analogous to that applied in the radiological management of fibrotic biliary strictures. After treatment a radiological contrast swallows examination was performed to gauge the calibre of the re-established lumen, assess functionality and to rule out aspiration. Results: Pharyngo-oesophageal continuity was re-established in all three cases on the first attempt. No complications occurred as a result of the procedures. In two cases, the excellent swallowing function was re-established, although one of these required prolonged post-treatment adjuvant interventions. In one case no swallowing function resulted, despite apparently successful re-establishment of luminal continuity. Conclusions: Complete fibrotic occlusion of the hypopharyngo-oesophagea

关键词： Hypopharynx Upper Oesophagus Fibrotic Occlusion Rendezvous Technique Pharyngo-Oesophageal Continuity

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