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Hepatic vein reconstruction during hepatectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal Joshi Chris Coldham Paulo Muiesan bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert P Sutcliffe Keith J Roberts Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Complete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,primary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of primary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the proximity of the hepatic venous outflow pose a peculiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of patients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,post-hepatectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main problems associated with complex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard practice in liver resection and transplantation[4],for example,hepatic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transplant,porto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced pancreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retroperitoneal ***,novel techniques like total hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous bypass[6]and ex vivo hepatic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hepatic veins.

关键词： hepatectomy surgery mortality

Corchorus olitorius: A Promising Medicinal Plant in Southern Africa and Effects of Growing Conditions on Its Bioactive Compounds—A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 255-274页

作者： Senewa bobby Pholoma Gulelat Haki Goitseone Malambane Seoleseng Tshwenyane Joseph Adjetey Crop and Soil Sciences Department Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana Food Science and Technology Department Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana

Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow), is one of the African indigenous leafy vegetables increasingly getting attention as a possible contributor of both micronutrients and bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, fiber and vitamin C to human nutrition. Leaves of Corchorus olitorius have been found to have high level of phytochemicals: flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins that possess strong radical scavenging activity and antioxidant power. In the arid and semi-arid areas of the world, drought is the main limiting factor affecting plant productivity and influences almost all aspects of plant biology. Water stress deficit is known to cause oxidative stress condition that has generally been reported to elevate phenolic antioxidants in various crops including Jew’s mallow. On the other hand, fertilization is crucial for crop management and high yield, it also affects nutritional value of the food plants. Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects health and nutritional value, including mineral content, fatty acid profile, anti-oxidative capacity and polyphenol levels and composition. The possible effects of fertilization should be considered when deciding on fertilization regime, to optimize both plant physiology, productivity and food-related effects. Nitrogen is an important element for Jew’s mallow production since it responds well to it. However, appropriate amounts of nutrients need to be provided to crops at the right time to favor both crop growth, yield and quality. Different reports confirmed that addition or increase of N, negatively affects the total phenolics and total flavonoids, and reduces accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites resulting in lower oxidative capacity. Increased secondary metabolite production during water deficit and low nitrogen in the soil has been reported as a stress mechanism by most plants. However, further research is required to explore the biochemical response of Jew’s mallow to water deficit and nitrogen fer

关键词： Jew’s Mallow Nitrogen Antioxidants Drought Minerals

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta Burak James Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam bobby V Dasari Keith J Roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C Bartlett Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

The status of Nrf2-based therapeutics： current perspectives and future prospects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1708-1711页

作者： Irina G. Gazaryan bobby Thomas Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy School of Medicine New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences Dyson College Pace University Pleasantville NY USA Departments of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neurology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA

This mini-review presents the authors＇ vision on the current status and future trends in the development of neuroprotective agents working via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）, and in particular, via disruption of Nrf2-Keap 1 interaction. There are two opposite ＂chemical＂ mechanisms underlying such activation： the first one is a non-specific covalent modification of Keapl thiols, resulting in side effects of varied severity, and the second one is the shift of the Nrf2-Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 （Keapl） binding equilibrium in the presence of a competitive and chemically benign displacement agent. At this point, no displacement activators exhibit sufficient biological activity in comparison with common Nrf2 activators working via Keapl thiol modification. Hence, the hope in therapeutics is now linked to the FDA approved dimethylfumarate, whose derivative, monomethylfumarate, as we demonstrated recently, is much less toxic but equally biologically potent and an ideal candidate for clinical trials right now. A newly emerging player is a nuclear inhibitor of Nrf2, BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 （Bach1）. The commercially developed Bachl inhibitors are currently under investigation in our laboratory showing promising results. In our viewpoint, the perfect future drug will present the combination of a displacement activator and Bach 1 inhibitor to insure safety and efficiency of Nrf2 activation.

关键词： Nrf2 Keap l Bach l electrophiles oxidative stress antioxidants

SIMAP500: A novel risk score to identify recipients at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 132-143页

作者： Amr Alnagar Nekisa Zakeri Konstantinos Koilias Rosemary E Faulkes Rachel Brown Owen Cain M Thamara P R Perera Keith J Roberts Rebeca Sanabria-Mateos David C Bartlett Yuk Ting Ma Shivan Sivakumar Shishir Shetty Tahir Shah bobby V M Dasari Department of HBP and Liver Transplantation Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Biomedical ResearchBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals of BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following liver transplantation(LT)has a devastating influence on recipients’survival;however,the risk of recur-rence is not routinely *** stratification is vital with a long LT waiting time,as that could influence the recurrence despite strict listing *** This study aims to identify predictors of recurrence and develop a novel risk pre-diction score to forecast HCC recurrence following *** A retrospective review of LT for HCC recipients at University Hospitals Bir-mingham between July 2011 and February *** and multivariate analyses were performed to identify recurrence predictors,based on which the novel SIMAP500(satellite nodules,increase in size,microvascular invasion,AFP>500,poor differentiation)risk score was *** 234 LTs for HCC were performed with a median follow-up of 5.3 *** developed in 25 patients(10.7%).On univariate analyses,RETREAT score>3,α-fetoprotein(AFP)at listing 100-500 and>500,bridging,increased tumour size between imaging at the listing time and explant histology,increase in the size of viable tumour between listing and explant,presence of satellite nodules,micro-and macrovascular invasion on explant and poor differentiation of tumours were significantly associated with recurrence,based on which,the SIMAP500 risk score is *** SIMAP500 demonstrated an excellent predictive ability(c-index=0.803)and outper-formed the RETREAT score(c-index=0.73).SIMAP500 is indicative of the time to disease *** SIMAP500 risk score identifies the LT recipients at risk of HCC *** stratification allows patient-centric post-transplant surveillance *** validation of the score is recommended.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Recurrence Survival

A Multigrid Method for a Model of the Implicit Immersed Boundary Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 378-400页

作者： Robert D.Guy bobby Philip Department of Mathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA

Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed boundary method require very small time steps in order to maintain *** the equations that arise from an implicit discretization is ***,several different approaches have been proposed,but a complete understanding of this problem is still emerging.A multigrid method is developed and explored for solving the equations in an implicittime discretization of a model of the immersed boundary *** model problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-dependent singular forces on an immersed *** model does not include the inertial terms or the incompressibility *** method is more efficient than an explicit method,but the efficiency gain is *** multigrid method alone may not be an effective solver,but when used as a preconditioner for Krylov methods,the speed-up over the explicit-time method is *** example,depending on the constitutive law for the boundary force,with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method,the implicit method is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method.A very attractive feature of this method is that the efficiency of the multigrid preconditioned Krylov solver is shown to be independent of the number of immersed boundary points.

关键词： Preconditioning implicit methods fluid-structure interaction

Benchmarking graph neural networks for materials chemistry

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 739-746页

作者： Victor Fung Jiaxin Zhang Eric Juarez bobby G.Sumpter Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUnited States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUnited States

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have received intense interest as a rapidly expanding class of machine learning models remarkably well-suited for materials *** date,a number of successful GNNs have been proposed and demonstrated for systems ranging from crystal stability to electronic property prediction and to surface chemistry and heterogeneous ***,a consistent benchmark of these models remains lacking,hindering the development and consistent evaluation of new models in the materials ***,we present a workflow and testing platform,MatDeepLearn,for quickly and reproducibly assessing and comparing GNNs and other machine learning *** use this platform to optimize and evaluate a selection of top performing GNNs on several representative datasets in computational materials *** our investigations we note the importance of hyperparameter selection and find roughly similar performances for the top models once *** identify several strengths in GNNs over conventional models in cases with compositionally diverse datasets and in its overall flexibility with respect to inputs,due to learned rather than defined *** several weaknesses of GNNs are also observed including high data requirements,and suggestions for further improvement for applications in materials chemistry are discussed.

关键词： field chemistry intense

Advances in hydroxyapatite coatings on biodegradable magnesium and its alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第5期10卷 1154-1170页

作者： Ai-Meng Zhang Praneesh Lenin Rong-Chang Zeng M.bobby Kannan College of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil Nadu 632014India School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales 2308Australia

Magnesium is a candidate metal for biodegradable implant applications for its biodegradation tendency and excellent ***,the high degradation rate of magnesium and also its localized degradation in physiological conditions are the main issues for its successful implant *** degradation rate of magnesium has been reduced to some degree via alloying,but the localized degradation susceptibility is a great *** many years,hydroxyapatite(HAp),a biocompatible ceramic material,has been extensively used for bio-implant ***,a substantial amount of research has been carried out on coating HAp on magnesium-based materials for improved degradation resistance in particular and also to enhance the *** review article focuses on the different methods of HAp coating on magnesium-based materials and also the recent cutting-edge advancements made in the coating process for improved degradation resistance and *** mechanical stability of the HAp coated magnesium-based materials is also discussed.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Magnesium Biomaterials Biodegradation Coating

A bridge for accelerating materials by design

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 56-66页

作者： bobby G Sumpter Rama K Vasudevan Thomas Potok Sergei V Kalinin Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Computer Science and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Recent technical advances in the area of nanoscale imaging,spectroscopy and scattering/diffraction have led to unprecedented capabilities for investigating materials structural,dynamical and functional *** addition,recent advances in computational algorithms and computer capacities that are orders of magnitude larger/faster have enabled large-scale simulations of materials properties starting with nothing but the identity of the atomic species and the basic principles of quantum and statistical mechanics and *** with these advances,an explosion of high-resolution data has *** confluence of capabilities and rise of big data offer grand opportunities for advancing materials sciences but also introduce several *** this perspective,we identify challenges impeding progress towards advancing materials by design(e.g.,the design/discovery of materials with improved properties/performance),possible solutions and provide examples of scientific issues that can be addressed using a tightly integrated approach where theory and experiments are linked through big-deep data.

关键词： bridge starting materials