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Injuries Associated with Auto-Tricycle Crashes in an African City: Incidence and Pattern

Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 229-246页

作者： Augustus Nii Kwame Okleme David Anyitey-Kokor Dominic Konadu-Yeboah Adam Gyedu kwabena Agbedinu Johathan boakye Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Emergency Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.

关键词： Auto-Tricycle Knock-Down Rickshaw Road Traffic Crashes

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小鼠心室乳头肌承载机械负荷后的SOCS1表达研究

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国际生物医学工程杂志 2018年第5期41卷 410-416页

作者：陈聪沈志豪 Dorothy Pokuaa boakye kwabena 张中一陈俊王晗张彩彩何佟高凌峰陈志斌王杨海南医学院第一临床学院海口571199 University of Professional Studies Box LG 149 Accra Ghana University for Development Studies Box TL 1350 Tamale Ghana 海南医学院特殊环境运动医学实验室海口571199

目的研究细胞因子信号抑制物1(SOCS1)在超负荷心室乳头肌中的表达,了解其在心室乳头肌承载负荷后结构重建中的表达特点以及在影响细胞信号转导的立方水母毒素-1(CfTX-1)预处理作用下的生物力学特性。方法昆明小鼠腹主动脉-静脉穿刺造... 详细信息

目的研究细胞因子信号抑制物1(SOCS1)在超负荷心室乳头肌中的表达,了解其在心室乳头肌承载负荷后结构重建中的表达特点以及在影响细胞信号转导的立方水母毒素-1(CfTX-1)预处理作用下的生物力学特性。方法昆明小鼠腹主动脉-静脉穿刺造瘘(n=5),2周后取心室乳头肌匀浆后提取总蛋白,另设正常组(n=5)施假手术作对照。离体培养则采用正常小鼠左心室乳头肌(n=20),负荷培养组心室乳头肌倍比牵拉固定于硅胶板,松弛培养组不予牵拉负荷,两组内均另设一个组添加SOCS1质粒转染。上述各组心室乳头肌均于培养液中37 ℃培养3 d后,匀浆并提取总蛋白,10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离总蛋白,以含SOCS1的23 ku条带为目标条带,计算机图像法测其积分光密度(IOD)值。采用蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测SOCS1蛋白的表达,并测其印迹IOD值。采用微分定位器牵拉造瘘小鼠心室乳头肌至初始负荷为1 g,待稳定后顺序瞬间牵拉15 mm,观察第1次及第5次牵拉时的被动张力特性曲线,计算心室乳头肌在任氏液及CfTX-1预处理后的最大被动张力(PTmax)和最大被动张力下降速度(DV)。结果造瘘组心室乳头肌总蛋白中23 ku条带及SOCS1印迹IOD值均高于正常组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。负荷转染培养组心室乳头肌总匀浆液以及胞核匀浆液中SOCS1印迹IOD平均值均高于负荷非转染培养组和松弛转染培养组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。造瘘组心室乳头肌的PTmax和极限PTmax均低于正常组,DV高于正常组,而极限DV低于正常组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 SOCS1的表达对长度负荷较为敏感,其作为超负荷敏感信号在改善心肌适应性、保护心肌结构及维护舒缩功能方面具有更深层的积极作用。CfTX-1对改善心室乳头肌顺应性也具有积极作用。

关键词：机械负荷心室乳头肌牵拉培养转染表达细胞因子信号抑制物1

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Hydration and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement Blended with Low-CaO Steel Slag

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2014年第7期4卷 444-449页

作者： Eugene Atiemo kwabena Appiah boakye James Sarfo-Ansah CSIR-Building and Road Research Institute Box UP40 Kumasi Ghana

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Comparative Study of Chemically and Mechanically Activated Clay Pozzolana

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第2期5卷 86-94页

作者： James Sarfo-Ansah Eugene Atiemo kwabena Appiah boakye Zsuzsanne Momade Building Material Development Division Building and Roads Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Kumasi Ghana Department of Chemical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Burnt clay pozzolana produced from a clay deposit at Mankranso in Ghana has been activated by mechanical means through roll milling and ball milling as well as chemically by the addition of 1% - 4% m/m Na2SO4. The pozzolana sample was chemically suitable with total SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 content ≥70% as stipulated by the ASTM C 618 standard. The particle sizes, surface characteristics and specific surface areas obtained by the types/degrees of milling were analyzed and their effect on the strength development of Portland pozzolana cement mortar cubes prepared from the pozzolana samples was evaluated. Compressive strengths obtained showed that the activated pozzolana could be used to replace up to 40% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and satisfy the EN 197-1 and ASTM C 595 standard requirements. Comparatively, the chemically activated pozzolana cement mortars attained higher compressive strengths than the mechanically activated pozzolana cement mortars at equal ages of tests and the same pozzolana content levels. The chemically activated pozzolana cement mortars attained higher 2 day strengths than OPC at sulphate concentrations of 3% and 4% for all pozzolana content levels between 30% - 40%. SEM image and insoluble residue in HCl of a 2 day old chemically activated pozzolana cement paste confirmed dissolution of fine pozzolana particles in the alkaline media which influenced higher early age strengths. The highest 28 day compressive strength of 54.2 MPa was obtained at 4% sulphate concentration and 30% pozzolana content for the chemically activated pozzolana. The highest 28 days compressive strength for the mechanically activated pozzolana was 35.6 MPa—obtained for the roll milled product at 30% pozzolana content. Standard consistence of the pozzolana cement pastes increased with increasing pozzolana fineness and pozzolana content. Increasing Na2SO4 concentration however had no effect on standard consistence. Setting times decreased with increase in both fineness and sulphate concentration. The EN 197-1 standard for

关键词： Pozzolana Cement Mechanical Activation Chemical Activation Compressive Strength Setting Time

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Hydration Properties of Calcined Clay Pozzolan and Limestone Mineral Admixtures in Binary and Ternary Cements

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2014年第5期4卷 323-327页

作者： Eugene Atiemo Charles Kwame Kankam Francis Momade kwabena Appiah boakye CSIR-Building and Road Research Institute UST Box 40 Kumasi Ghana Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Engineering Kumasi Ghana

This paper investigates the properties of hydrated binary and ternary blended cements using limestone and calcined clay pozzolan as supplementary cementitious materials. The blended cements were hydrated and their phase compositions were evaluated by thermogravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction at 28 days. The morphology of the samples was also determined. The water demand, setting time, compressive and flexural strengths of mortar and concrete samples were determined up to 365 days. The study concluded that the portlandite [Ca(OH) 2 ] content was considerably reduced whilst ettringite formation were enhanced as a result of admixture reactions. The water demand and setting times of blended cements were lower than OPC with 5% admixture content but higher with increasing content. The mechanical test results also showed that Class 42.5N and 32.5R cements can be produced from the binary and ternary blends containing up to 10% and 20% admixtures, respectively.

关键词：三元共混物水化性能复合水泥石灰石火山灰烧粘土矿物掺合料二元

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Calcined Clay Pozzolan as an Admixture to Mitigate the Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2014年第5期2卷 20-26页

作者： James Sarfo-Ansah Eugene Atiemo kwabena Appiah boakye Delali Adjei Albert A. Adjaottor Building Material Development Division Building and Roads Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Kumasi Ghana Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Calcined clay pozzolan has been used to replace varying portions of high alkali Portland limestone cement in order to study its effect on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Portland limestone cement used for the study had a total Na2Oeq of 4.32. Mortar-bar expansion decreased as pozzolan content in the cement increased. The highest expansion was recorded for reference bars with no pozzolan, reaching a maximum of 0.35% at 42 days whilst the expansion was reduced by between 42.5% and 107.8% at 14 days and between 9.4% and 16.4% at 84 days with increasing calcined clay pozzolan content. Mortar bars with 25% pozzolan were the least expansive recording expansion less than 0.1% at all test ages. X-ray diffractometry of the hydrated blended cement paste powders showed the formation of stable calcium silicates in increasing quantities whilst the presence of expansive alkali-silica gel, responsible for ASR expansion, decreased as pozzolan content increased. The study confirms that calcined clay pozzolan has an influence on ASR in mortar bars and causes a significant reduction in expansion at a replacement level of 25%.

关键词： Calcined Clay Pozzolan Alkali-Silica Reaction Expansion Sodium Silicate gel Calcium Silicates

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Application of Multivariate Analysis for Identification of Pollution Sources in the Densu Delta Wetland in the Vicinity of a Landfill Site in Ghana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第12期2卷 1020-1029页

作者： Juliet Osei Frank Kwakyi Nyame Thomas Kaku Armah Shiloh kwabena Osae Samuel boakye Dampare Joseph Richmond Fianko Dickson Adomako Nash Bentil 不详

Surface water samples collected from various sites in the Densu delta wetland, Ghana, were analyzed for pH, temperature, TDS, EC, turbidity, TSS, alkalinity, HCO3-, BOD, COD, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO42-, PO4-P, NO3-N, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Co and Fe using titration and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Multivariate statistical analyses such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify heavy metal pollution in the wetland area. Results from CA and PCA suggest positive relationships between the two analyses. Linear correlation analysis done also suggests similar relationships. Heavy metals were identified as originating from a common source in all the analyses. The hydrochemistry of the area appears to have been influenced, to a large extent, by dissolution/precipitation as well as numerous but subsistence small-scale agricultural activities that take place in the wetland environment.

关键词： Densu Delta Wetland Surface Water Pollution Cluster Analysis (CA) Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

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黄斑水母触须蛋白提取物对模拟小鼠微重力性心律失常的保护作用研究

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航空航天医学杂志 2019年第6期30卷 643-647页

作者：黄涛剑李传发朴伶华张彩彩徐倩黎昕 kwabena boakye 陈志斌高凌峰王杨海南医学院基础医学与生命科学学院海口571199 海南医学院临床学院海口571199 海南医学院特殊环境运动医学实验室海口571199

目的持续重力环境改变而引起的体液再分布可引起心脏自动节律性紊乱。而自动节律性受细胞膜通透性的改变的影响,特别是Ca2+通透性的改变进而影响心肌细胞极化的作用而减少心律失常的发生。水母触须蛋白通过其细胞膜造孔方式有可能对改... 详细信息

目的持续重力环境改变而引起的体液再分布可引起心脏自动节律性紊乱。而自动节律性受细胞膜通透性的改变的影响,特别是Ca2+通透性的改变进而影响心肌细胞极化的作用而减少心律失常的发生。水母触须蛋白通过其细胞膜造孔方式有可能对改善心肌自律性有一定作用。方法小鼠体位改变模拟微重力环境诱发小鼠心律失常,研究水母触须粗提蛋白及其合成肽片段对微重力环境诱发心律失常的作用。模拟微重力数日后,3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,小鼠肢体导联记录心电图,颈总动脉插管并粗提蛋白灌流10μg/100g(n=5)或合成肽灌流10μg/100g(n=5),以0.85%生理盐水灌流为对照(n=5)。模拟微重力时维持小鼠持续仰卧位15°度角最长持续7天,观察小鼠心电图2个连续的QRS波群间期(RRI)、PR间期(PRI)、QRS复合波时程,计算QT间期及心室去极化时间。结果模拟前小鼠RRI、PRI、QRS波群间期及QTI的基础值分别为95.00±8.20ms,14.70±0.63ms,50.90±0.96ms及68.30±2.29ms。模拟开始后第1天窦性心律失常发生率为100%,第4天为60%。在模拟开始后的最初2天心室极化幅度QRSA,极化时长QRSI显著增强(第1天及第2天QRSA各增加了188%及232%)。结论长期模拟小鼠(第4天至第7天),小剂量粗提蛋白及合成肽可显著延长PPI纠正心动过快,延缓房室间传导及心室去极化,纠正模拟微重力而导致的QT间期缩短进而降低心律失常发生风险。

关键词：水母粗提蛋白微重力心律失常保护

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