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Modularly assembled multiplex prime editors for simultaneous editing of agronomically important genes in rice

Plant communications 2024年第2期5卷 67-78页

作者： Ajay Gupta bo Liu Saad Raza Qi-Jun Chen Bing Yang Division of Plant Science and Technology Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA

Prime editing(Pe)technology enables precise alterations in the genetic code of a genome of *** offers great potential for identifying major agronomically important genes in plants and editing them into superior variants,ideally targeting multiple loci simultaneously to realize the collective effects of the ***,we report the development of a modular assembly-based multiplex Pe system in rice and demon-strate its efficacy in editing up to four genes in a single transformation *** duplex Pe(DPe)system achieved a co-editing efficiency of 46.1%in the T0 generation,converting TFIIAg5 to xa5 and xa23 to *** resulting double-mutant lines exhibited robust broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo)strains in the T1 *** addition,we success-fully edited osePSPS1 to an herbicide-tolerant variant and osSWeeT11a to a Xoo-resistant allele,achieving a co-editing rate of 57.14%.Furthermore,with the quadruple Pe(QPe)system,we edited four genes—two for herbicide tolerance(osePSPS1 and osALS1)and two for Xoo resistance(TFIIAg5 and osSWeeT11a)—using one construct,with a co-editing efficiency of 43.5%for all four genes in the T0 *** performed multiplex Pe usingfive more constructs,including two for triplex Pe(TPe)and three for QPe,each targeting a different set of *** editing rates were dependent on the activity of pegRNA and/or *** instance,optimization of ngRNA increased the Pe rates for one of the targets(osSPL13)from 0%to 30%but did not improve editing at another target(osGS2).overall,our modular assembly-based system yielded high Pe rates and streamlined the cloning of Pe reagents,making it feasible for more labs to utilize Pe for their editing *** have significant implications for advancing gene editing techniques in plants and may pave the way for future agricultural applications.

关键词： prime editing rice bacterial blight herbicide tolerance multiplex genome editing

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Laser-Induced Methanol Decomposition for Ultrafast Hydrogen Production

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 131-137页

作者： Weiwei Cao Yinwu Li bo Yan Zhiping Zeng Pu Liu Zhuofeng Ke Guowei Yang State Key Laboratory of optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Nanotechnology Research CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275P.R.China School of Materials Science and engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275P.R.China

Methanol(CH_(3)oH)is a liquid hydrogen(H_(2))source that effectively releases H_(2) and is convenient for *** thermocatalytic CH_(3)oH reforming reaction is used to produce H_(2),but this process needs to undergo high reaction temperature(e.g.,200℃)along with a catalyst and a large amount of carbon dioxide(co_(2))*** photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis under mild conditions are proposed to replace the traditional thermal catalysis to produce H_(2) from CH_(3)oH,they still inevitably produce co_(2) emissions that are detrimental to carbon ***,we,for the first time,report an ultrafast and highly selective production of H_(2) without any catalysts and no co_(2) emission from CH_(3)oH by laser bubbling in liquid(LBL)at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

关键词： catalysis reforming replace

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effect of austenitizing condition on mechanical properties,microstructure and precipitation behavior of AISI H13 steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 143-156页

作者： An-gang Ning Yang Liu Rui Gao Stephen Yue Ming-bo Wang Han-jie Guo college of Materials Science and engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024ShanxiChina Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0C5Canada ASSAB Tooling Technology(Chongqing)co. Ltd.Chongqing401120China School of Metallurgical and ecological engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

The effects of austenitizing temperature(1223,1303,and 1373 K)and holding time(1-1500 s)on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and precipitation behavior of the H13 hot work die steel were *** results indicate a softening phenomenon when H13 steel is austenitized at 1303 K beyond 900 s and 1373 K beyond 600 s,*** the sample held for 1200 s,the tensile strength is found capable of reaching up to 2.2 GPa when quenched from a temperature above 1303 ***,prior-austenite grain size increases with the increase in austenitizing *** kinetic behavior of the precipitates(mainly MC-type carbides)in H13 steel could be elaborated through the principles set forth by the Arrhenius and Avrami ***,the comprehensive strengthening of the H13 steel was discussed in *** results show that the activation energy of the transformed fraction of carbides is higher than that of the diffusion process for common alloying elements(Cr,V,Mo,and Ni)found in the *** suggests that it would be difficult for precipitates to dissolve into the matrix when H13 steel is austenitized at high *** the increasing austenitizing temperature,the precipitation fraction decreases,and the dislocation density *** dislocation strengthening is regarded as the dominant strengthening contributed to yield strength in as-quenched H13 steel.

关键词： H13 steel Austenitizing Mechanical property Precipitation behavior comprehensive strengthening

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Analysis of destructive effect of Zn on carbon brick and way of Zn into carbon brick

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1344-1354页

作者： Peng-bo Liu Shu-sen Cheng Yu-qing Xue Xiao-man Cheng Zhao Liu University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Ministry of Ironmaking Shangdong Taishan Steel Group Co.Ltd.Taian 271000ShandongChina

The service life of a blast furnace depends largely on the degree of damage to the carbon brick in the *** brick and ramming material in the hearth of a 1780 m3 blast furnace after shutdown were sampled and *** was found that the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick near and above the taphole were Zno and Zn_(2)Sio_(4),whereas the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick below the taphole were *** reaction of Zn with co,Sio_(2),and Fes generates Zno,Zn_(2)Sio_(4),and ZnS,resulting in volume expansion,which is an important reason for the cracking of carbon ***,several obvious Zn vapor flow channels were found in the ramming material,through which Zn vapor could enter the carbon brick,causing damage to the carbon *** the compactness of the ramming material is beneficial to preventing Zn vapor from entering the carbon brick through the voids in the ramming material,reducing the destructive effect of Zn on the carbon brick and further extending the service life of the blast furnace.

关键词： Zn Blast furnace Carbon brick Ramming material Crack

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effects of enclosure on Grassland ecological and economic Benefits in Northern China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 67-78页

作者： HU bo WeN Qingke XI Fengjiang LI Mengyao WANG Libing ReN Yuejuan Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Inner Mongolia Remote Sensing Center co. Ltd.Huhhot010000China Xilinhot the Maodeng pasture Xilinhot026000China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116China Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Resources Environment and Disaster MonitoringCoal Geological Geophysical Exploration Surveying&Mapping Institute of Shanxi ProvinceJinzhong030600China

Grasslands in northern China serve the country as both an ecological barrier and a livestock production ***,installing enclosures has been becoming the major grassland restoration measure adopted by many local ***,the effects of restoration on both ecological and production benefits of grassland remain unclear for implemented grassland restoration ***,a representative rangeland in northern China,the Maodeng pasture in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected as the study area,and remote sensing monitoring analyses were carried out to quantify the ecological benefits and economic benefits from 2015 to *** results showed that:1) in terms of ecological benefits,the grassland area with a grassland coverage rate of more than 60% accounts for 32.3% of the regional area,and 86.4% of its grassland grew significantly better than the same period in2015,showing a significant improvement in grassland *** the average amount of carbon per unit area as the ecological benefit evaluation index,it increased by 27.1% to 32.48Tg C/yr from 2015 to 2021.2) In terms of economic benefits,both theoretical grass production and livestock carrying capacity increased from 2015 to *** to 2015,the theoretical grass production in 2021 increased by 24.8% to 71 900 *** livestock carrying capacity reached 52 100 sheep units in 2021,nearly 11 000 sheep units more than that in *** the study period,multiple economic indicators(on a per capita basis of permanent residents) for the pastoral area of Xilinhot City to which the Maodeng pasture belongs,have grown *** capita total income rose from 29 630 yuan(RMB) in2015 to 62 859 yuan(RMB) in *** on grassland resources to develop the pastoral ecology also broadens the potential economic development ***,the establishment of the reserve and the experiment of implanting an enclosure policy have had a significant and positive impact on Maodeng pasture’s develo

关键词： enclosure grassland ecological benefit economic benefit Maodeng pasture Inner Mongolia northern China

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Understanding the Mechanism for the In-Plane Yielding Anisotropy of a Hot-Rolled Zirconium Plate

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2024年第6期37卷 1066-1076页

作者： Guodong Song conghui Zhang Yunchang Xin Nobuhiro Tsuji Xinde Huang bo Guan Xiaomei He School of Metallurgical engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing210009China Department of Materials Science and engineering Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachiSakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan Institute of Applied Physics Jiangxi Academy of ScienceNanchang330029China

Previously,the in-plane mechanical anisotropy of Zr hot-rolled plates is ascribed mainly to the different activities of the deformation modes activated when loading along different *** this work,a quantitative study on the deformation behavior of a pure Zr hot-rolled plate under tension along the rolling direction(RD)and transverse direction(TD)reveals that both the activities of deformation modes and the anisotropy of grain boundary strengthening account for a tensile yield strength anisotropy along the TD and *** plasticity simulations using viso-plastic self-consistent model show that prismatic slip is the predominant deformation mode for tension along the RD(RD-tension),while prismatic slip and basal slip are co-dominant deformation modes under tension along the TD(TD-tension).A low fraction of■under TD-tension,while hardly activated under *** activation of basal slip with a much higher critical resolve shear stress under TD-tension contributes to a higher yield strength along the TD than along the *** grain boundary strengthening effect under tension along the TD and RD were compared by calculating the activation stress difference(△Stress)and the geometric compatibility factor(m′)between neighboring *** results indicate a higher grain boundary strengthening for TD-tension than that for RD-tension,which will lead to a higher yield strength along the *** is,the anisotropy of grain boundary strengthening between TD-tension and RD-tension also plays an important role in the in-plane anisotropy along the RD and ***,the reasons for why there is a grain-boundary-strengthening anisotropy along the TD and RD were discussed.

关键词： Zirconium Strengthening Grain boundary orientation

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Advances in Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts for enhanced co_(2)Reduction

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2024年第2期26卷 1-12页

作者： Liu Bing Sun Shangcong Song Ye Peng bo Lin Wei SINoPeC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing co. Ltd.Beijing100083China

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative for converting and utilizing co_(2).Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),typically synthesized through the one-step thermal polycondensation of nitrogen-rich precursors,has shown considerable promise due to its adjustable band structure and inherent *** the past five years,significant literature in this field has identified five primary methods for modifying PCN:morphology modulation,element doping,defect induction,co-catalyst loading,and heterojunction construction.A detailed discussion on how each modification method influences light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction efficiencies in photocatalysis is *** on these findings,several future directions for the development of PCN-based materials are proposed,such as designing tailored PCN structures for specific photocatalytic reactions and using theoretical calculations to verify and correct results from current characterization *** the challenges associated with the large-scale synthesis of PCN materials with controllable structures and satisfactory performance,this work offers valuable insights for advancing photocatalytic PCN-based systems for large-scale solar fuel production.

关键词： carbon nitride photocatalysis co_(2)reduction modification

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Multi-Physics coupled Acoustic-Mechanics Analysis and Synergetic optimization for a Twin-Fluid Atomization Nozzle

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical engineering 2024年第3期37卷 204-223页

作者： Wenying Li Yanying Li Yingjie Lu Jinhuan Xu bo Chen Li Zhang Yanbiao Li college of Mechanical engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Materials Science and engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian 710072China Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging co. Ltd.Anshun 561005China

Fine particulate matter produced during the rapid industrialization over the past decades can cause significant harm to human ***-fluid atomization technology is an effective means of controlling fine particulate matter *** this paper,the influences of the main parameters on the droplet size,effective atomization range and sound pressure level(SPL)of a twin-fluid nozzle(TFN)are investigated,and in order to improve the atomization performance,a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm is presented.A multi-physics coupled acousticmechanics model based on the discrete phase model(DPM),large eddy simulation(LeS)model,and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)model is established,and the numerical simulation results of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics method are verified via experimental *** on the analysis of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation results,the effects of the water flow on the characteristics of the atomization flow distribution were obtained.A multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation result was employed to establish an orthogonal test database,and a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the key parameters of the *** optimal parameters are as follows:A gas flow of 0.94 m^(3)/h,water flow of 0.0237 m^(3)/h,orifice diameter of the self-excited vibrating cavity(SVC)of 1.19 mm,SVC orifice depth of 0.53 mm,distance between SVC and the outlet of nozzle of 5.11 mm,and a nozzle outlet diameter of 3.15 *** droplet particle size in the atomization flow field was significantly reduced,the spray distance improved by 71.56%,and the SPL data at each corresponding measurement point decreased by an average of 38.96%.The conclusions of this study offer a references for future TFN research.

关键词： Twin-fluid nozzle BP neural network Multi-objective optimization Multi-physics coupled Acousticmechanics analysis Genetic algorithm

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Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method

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Global energy Interconnection 2024年第4期7卷 503-512页

作者： Ziyang Li Xujun Lang bo Yang Xiaolin Liu Hao Wang Zhang Li Shandong electric Power engineering consulting Institute co. Ltd.Jinan 250013P.R.China School of electrical engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061P.R.China

Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic,and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers,which are the most widely distributed,have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the *** bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of *** clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias,a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element *** electromagnetic,vibration,and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC,harmonic,and DC power *** was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density,force,and displacement distributions of the core and *** contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at Kdc=*** this point,the core approached saturation,and the increase in the core force and displacement ***,the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux,and the stress and displacement of the winding increased *** sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force *** the DC bias coefficient was 1.25,the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.

关键词： Transformer DC bias Vibration Noise

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A novel method for calculating broadband electrical performance of high-speed aircraft radome under thermo-mechanical-electrical coupling

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第9期37卷 463-474页

作者： Jianmin JI Jianhua ReN Xunya JIANG Wei WANG Huilong YU Kai YIN bo CHeN Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing equipment Beijing 100854China Shanghai Dong Jun Information and Technology co.Ltd Shanghai 200050China

The electrical performance of radomes on high-speed aircraft can be influenced by the thermal and mechanical loads produced during high-speed flight,which can affect the detection dis-tance and accuracy of the guidance *** paper presents a new method that uses the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)method to calculate the electrical performance of radomes under Thermo-Mechanical-electrical(TMe)*** method can accurately characterize the effects of material dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation on the electrical performance of the radome under flight conditions,enabling high-precision full-wave calculations of the broadband electrical performance of the *** method initiates by utilizing a Finite element Grid Model(Fe-GM)of the radome to sequentially acquire the radome's response temperature field and structural deformation field through thermal and mechanical ***,spatial mapping techniques are developed to accurately incorporate the dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation of the radome into its Yee grid electromagnetic(eM)simulation model.A verification case was designed to test the proposed method,and the results confirmed its high computational ***,the effectiveness and necessity of the method were further demonstrated by analyzing the electrical performance of a fused silica ceramic radome used on a high-speed aircraft.

关键词： High-speed aircraft Radomes Thermo-Mechanical-electrical(TMe)coupling Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)method Spatial mapping

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