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Decomposed Modeling of Controllable and Uncontrollable Components in Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energies

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1164-1173页

作者： Hai Li ning Zhang Yue Fan Ling Dong Pengcheng cai State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Co. Ltd.XiningChina State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co. Ltd.UrumqiChina

The high penetration of variable renewable energies requires the flexibility from both the generation and demand sides. This raises the necessity of modeling stochastic and flexible energy resources in power system operation. However,some distributed energy resources have both stochasticity and flexibility, e.g., prosumers with distributed photovoltaics and energy storage, and plug-in electric vehicles with stochastic charging behavior and demand response capability. Such partly controllable participants pose challenges to modeling the aggregate behavior of large numbers of entities in power system operation. This paper proposes a new perspective on the aggregate modeling of such energy resources in power system ***, a unified controllability-uncontrollability-decomposed model for various energy resources is established by modeling the controllable and uncontrollable parts of energy resources separately. Such decomposition enables the straightforward aggregate modeling of massive energy resources with different controllabilities by integrating their controllable components with linking constraints and uncontrollable components with dependent discrete convolution. Furthermore, a two-stage stochastic unit commitment model based on the proposed model for power system operation is established. The proposed model is tested using a three-bus system and real Qinghai provincial power grid of China. The result shows that this model is able to characterize at high accuracy the aggregate behavior of massive energy resources with different levels of controllability so that their flexibility can be fully explored.

关键词： Aggregation dependent discrete convolution flexibility stochastic unit commitment virtual power plant

Algal toxicity induced by effluents from textiledyeing wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 199-208页

作者： Hualing cai Jieying Liang Xun-an ning Xiaojun Lai Yang Li School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyN S W 2052Australia Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

This research aimed to evaluate the alga Scenedesmus obliquus toxicity induced by textiledyeing effluents(TDE).The toxicity indicator of TDE in alga at the physiological(algal growyth),biochemical(chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)synthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity)and structural(cell membrane integrity)level were *** we further study the relationship among toxicity indicators at physiological and biochemical level,and supplemented by research on algal *** to the analysis of various endpoints of the alga,the general sensitivity sequence of toxicity endpoints of Scenedesmus obliquus was:SOD activity>Chl-a synthesis>algal *** stimulation rate of SOD activity increased from day 3(57.25%~83.02%)to day 6(57.25%~103.81%),and then decreased on day 15(-4.23%^-32.96%),which indicated that the antioxidant balance system of the algal cells was *** rate of Chl-a synthesis inhibition increased gradually,reaching19.70%~79.39%on day 15,while the rate of growth inhibition increased from day 3(-12.90%~10.16%)to day 15(-21.27%~72.46%).Moreover,the algal growth inhibition rate was positively correlated with the inhibition rate of SOD activity or Chl-a synthesis,with the correlation coefficients were 0.6713 and 0.5217,*** cells would be stimulating to produce excessive reactive oxygen species,which would cause peroxidation in the cells,thereby destroying chloroplasts,inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis and reducing *** increasing exposure time,irreversible damage to algae can lead to *** study is expected to enhance our understanding of the ecological risks through algal tests caused by TDE.

关键词： Textile-dyeing effluent Ecotoxicity Alga Dissolved organic matter Lipid peroxidation Metabolic activation

Influence of lactic acid on the two-phase anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 244-249页

作者： ZHANG bo cai Wei-min HE Pin-jing State Key Laboratory of PoUution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

To evaluate the influence of lactic acid on the methanogenesis, anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was firstly conducted in a two-phase anaerobic digestion process, and performance of two digesters fed with lactic acid and glucose was subsequently compared. The results showed that the lactic acid was the main fermentation products of hydrolysis-acidification stage in the two-phase anaerobic digestion process for kitchen wastes. The lactic acid concentration constituted approximately 50% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） concentration in the hydrolysis-acidification liquid. The maximum organic loading rate was lower in the digester fed with lactic acid than that fed with glucose. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） and COD removal were deteriorated in the methanogenic reactor fed with lactic acid compared to that fed with glucose. The specific methanogenic activity （SMA） declined to 0.343 g COD/（gVSS-d） when the COD loading were designated as 18.8 g/（L-d） in the digester fed with lactic acid. The propionic acid accumulation occurred due to the high concentration of lactic acid fed. It could be concluded that avoiding the presence of the lactic acid is necessary in the hydrolysis-acidification process for the improvement of the two-phase anaerobic digestion process of kitchen wastes.

关键词： lactic acid kitchen wastes anaerobic digestion methanogenesis

Investigation ofβ—‑decay half‑life and delayed neutron emission with uncertainty analysis

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第1期34卷 111-123页

作者： Yu‑Feng Gao bo‑Shuai cai Cen‑Xi Yuan Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

β-decay half-life and β-delayed neutron emission(βn) are of great importance in the development of basic science and industrial applications, such as nuclear physics and nuclear energy, where β--decay plays an important role. Many theoretical models have been proposed to describe β-decay half-lives, whereas the systematic study of βn is still rare. This study aimed to investigate β--decay half-lives and βn probabilities through analytical formulas and by comparing them with experimental data. Analytical formulas for β--decay properties have been proposed by considering prominent factors, that is, decay energy,odevity, and the shell effect. The bootstrap method was used to simultaneously evaluate the total uncertainty on calculations,which was composed of statistic and systematic uncertainties. β--decay half-lives, βn probabilities, and the corresponding uncertainties were evaluated for the neutron-rich region. The experimental half-lives were well reproduced. Additional predictions are also presented with theoretical uncertainties, which helps to better understand the disparity between the experimental and theoretical results.

关键词： Neutron-rich nucleus -delayed neutron emissions bootstrap method

High-sensitive nonthermally coupled upconversion for ultralow temperature sensing

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2027-2032,I0001页

作者： Zhiyuan cai Zhengce An Haozhang Huang Yu Zhao bo Zhou State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniquesand Institute of Optical Communication MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510641China

Upconversion based nanothermometry has received much attention due to its merits of stability,narrow band emission and rich emission ***,the previous works are mainly focused on the emissions from thermally coupled energy levels which is theoretically limited by boltzmann distribution theory with resultant low temperature sensitivity in particular at ultralow *** we report a LiYF_(4):Yb/Ho@LiYF_(4) core-shell nanostructure to improve the sensitivity at low temperatures by taking advantage of non-thermally coupled energy levels of Ho^(3+).In detail,the green upconversion emission of Ho^(3+)shows an increase with reducing temperature while its red upconversion emission presents a decline during the same *** is primarily due to the suppression of the non-radiative multiphonon relaxation occurred at the green emitting levels(^(5)F_(4),^(5)S_(2)) and the intermediate level(^(5)I_(6)) at low *** a feature contributes to a high relative sensitivity of 7.17%/K at 11 K,much higher than reported *** results provide a promising candidate for the development of nanothermometer with high-sensitive low-temperature sensing performance.

关键词： Upconversion Nanothermometry Ultralow temperature Nonthermally coupled emissions Rare earths

Distribution of Methyl Mercury in Rana chensinensis and Environmental Media in Gold-mining Areas of Upper Reaches of Songhua River,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第4期20卷 330-336页

作者： WANG ning ZHANG Gang LIU Te cai Qingxiang College of Urban and Environment Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

The distribution characteristics of methyl mercury in Rana chensinensis and water,sediment and soil in gold-mining areas of the upper reaches of the Songhua River,China were studied by field sampling and laboratory *** results show that the methyl mercury contents in water,sediment and soil in gold-mining areas are much higher than those in the control site,indicating that gold-mining activities intensify the methyl mercury pollution in the study *** mercury contents are in a descending order of sediment > soil > water in the environment,and in a descending order of brain > viscera > muscle > skin in Rana *** are significant correlation between methyl mercury contents in Rana chensinensis and those in water and *** particular,the methyl mercury content in the skin of Rana chensinensis is positively correlated with those in water and sediment in ***,skin is one of main intake pathways for methyl mercury due to its high permeability.

关键词： methyl mercury Rana chensinensis environmental pollution gold-mining area Songhua River

The application of EPICS in TMSR radiation protection and access control system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第2期27卷 58-63页

作者： Li-Feng Han Yong-Zhong Chen Jun cai Hai-Xia Xu Wen-bo Huang ning Zhang Li-Xin Han Peng-Fei Hong Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Science

To treat technical problems of data acquisition,alarm management, and historical data archiving of radiation protection control system in Thorium Molten Salt Reactor, a network prototype system was designed based on experimental physics and industrial control *** level of many locations in Jiading campus of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics is being continuously monitored, and boundaries of accelerator facilities and radiochemical areas are defined by the access control system. In this paper, we introduce the control system design,including human–machine interfaces, alarm system, historical data archiving system, and the software for access control. The software development followed the standard of Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMIò) Level3, and the software had passed a third-party test, which indicated that the functionality and the reliability could fulfill the requirements of the radiation protection system.

关键词：访问控制系统辐射防护应用能力成熟度模型史诗工业控制系统放射防护历史数据

Faecal microbiota transplantation enhances efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy against cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第32期27卷 5362-5375页

作者： Yong-bo Kang Yue cai Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhong 030600Shanxi ProvinceChina

Even though immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are effective on multiple cancer types,there are still many non-responding patients.A possible factor put forward that may influence the efficacy of ICIs is the gut ***,faecal microbiota transplantation may enhance efficacy of ***,the data available in this field are insufficient,and relevant scientific work has just *** a result,the current work reviewed the latest research on the association of gut microbiota with ICI treatments based on anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody and explored the therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota transplantation in combination with ICI therapy in the future.

关键词： Gut microbiome Immunotherapy Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 Immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance Faecal microbiota transplantation

On Almost Controllability of Dynamical Complex Networks with Noises

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第4期32卷 1125-1139页

作者： cai ning HE Ming WU Qiuxuan KHAN M.Junaid School of Auto mation Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Post Intelligent Equipment Postal Scientific Research and Planning AcademyBeijing 100096China Key Laboratory of China's Ethnic Languages and Information Technology for Ministry of Education Northwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou 730030China Rocket Force University of Engineering Xi'an 710025China School of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China PN Engineering College National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This paper discusses the controllability problem of complex *** is shown that almost any weighted complex network with noise on the strength of communication links is controllable in the sense of Kalman *** concept of... 详细信息

关键词： Communication link complex network controllability weight