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司法实践中“证据标准”之评析

地方立法研究 2024年第2期9卷 110-130页

作者：纵博安徽财经大学法学院

“证据标准”是我国近年刑事司法实践中发展出的一个区别于“证明标准”的独特概念,其核心是指某类犯罪定罪量刑所需的基本证据,另外还包括收集各类证据应遵循的程序性规范和技术性规范。“统一证据标准”不应作为“以审判为中心”诉讼... 详细信息

“证据标准”是我国近年刑事司法实践中发展出的一个区别于“证明标准”的独特概念,其核心是指某类犯罪定罪量刑所需的基本证据,另外还包括收集各类证据应遵循的程序性规范和技术性规范。“统一证据标准”不应作为“以审判为中心”诉讼制度改革的核心,因为“统一证据标准”不仅无助于庭审实质化的实现,还会妨碍法官对证据的主观判断。“证据标准”并非一种法定证据制度,但由于它本身具有一些违反诉讼证明原理之处,所以仍会给我国的刑事证明带来一些消极影响,包括强化诉讼证明偏重客观化的倾向、抹杀不同类型案件证明路径的差异性、使控方在收集和审查证据中侧重于指控有罪的心理偏差更为严重。“证据标准”对侦查取证环节可以发挥一定的积极作用,有利于指引和规范侦查取证,也有利于过程证据、辅助证据的收集。总体上看,“证据标准”弊大于利,并非我国刑事诉讼程序和证据制度完善所必需,可以予以舍弃;即便要继续运用,也应将其限于侦查取证阶段,并将其改造为一种指导性、全面性的取证指南,才能使其在合理范围内发挥作用。

关键词：证据标准证明标准取证指南以审判为中心

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 111-123页

作者： Ke Zhang Yangbin Xu Yuxin Yang Mengmeng Guo Ting Zhang bo zong Shuhong Huang Langda Suo Baohua Ma Xiaolong Wang Yujiang Wu Daniel Brugger Yulin Chen Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Institute of Animal Sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa850009China Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse-FacultyUniversity of Zurich8057ZurichSwitzerland

Early weaning induces intestinal injury,leading to a series of long-term symptoms such as inflammation,malabsorption and diarrhea.In this study,we hypothesized that microbes and theirmetabolitesmodulate the host's inflammatory response to early weaning stress in a goatmodel.A total of 18 female Tibetan goat kids(n?9)wereweaned fromtheirmothers at 28 d(D28)and 60 d(D60)postpartum.D60 and D28 groupswere fed the same solid diet ad libitum fromweaning to 75 d of age.The colonic epithelium was subject to RNAsequencing,the caecal digesta metabolomics were assessed by liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the caecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.We foundthatearlyweaningsubstantially increased the colonic pro-apoptotic gene expressionof B-cell lymphoma associated X(Bax),caspase-9,and caspase-3,and decreased the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1(Pbolites mediate the barrier functionweakening duringearlyweaning,and the relative abundance of B.acidifacienswas negatively correlatedwiththe hindgut barrier gene expression.Th

关键词： Hindgut microbiome Ruminant Dysbiosis Inflammation Colon

胺源对“一锅法”合成聚硼硅氮烷结构及性能的影响

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高分子学报 2024年第2期55卷 161-171页

作者：陈楚童陈艳杰罗永明张宗波徐彩虹中国科学院化学研究所中国科学院极端环境高分子材料重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院大学化学与化工学院北京100049

以六甲基二硅氮烷(MMN)、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷(MMNVi)和四甲基二硅氮烷(MMNH) 3种不同结构的二硅氮烷为胺源,通过与氯硅烷和三氯化硼反应,制备出具有不同封端结构的聚硼硅氮烷.其中,以MMN、MMNVi为胺源可获得液态产物;以MMNH为胺源时... 详细信息

以六甲基二硅氮烷(MMN)、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷(MMNVi)和四甲基二硅氮烷(MMNH) 3种不同结构的二硅氮烷为胺源,通过与氯硅烷和三氯化硼反应,制备出具有不同封端结构的聚硼硅氮烷.其中,以MMN、MMNVi为胺源可获得液态产物;以MMNH为胺源时,因合成过程中发生活性基团间的过度交联导致产物凝胶.采用核磁共振波谱仪、红外光谱仪对液态前驱体聚合物及其热解产物的结构进行了表征.研究结果表明:通过“一锅法”制备的液态聚硼硅氮烷主链具有较多的支化和环状结构,随着封端结构中乙烯基含量的增加,所得前驱体的固化温度降低,固化反应活化能降低.与以MMN为胺源和封端剂合成的聚硼硅氮烷相比,以MMNVi为胺源所得前驱体固化前后陶瓷产率分别提高了14.9%及8.1%.并且,通过改变胺源的种类和比例可以调节热解产物的元素组成,合成的液态前驱体聚合物热解所得SiBCN陶瓷结晶温度高于1700℃.

关键词：前驱体转化法硅硼碳氮陶瓷聚硼硅氮烷 “一锅法”

多元化康复健康干预在子宫肌瘤腹腔镜手术后恢复效果

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中国计划生育学杂志 2024年第2期32卷 343-347页

作者：纵波任娟赵旋旋皖北煤电集团总医院宿州234000

目的:探究多元化康复健康干预对子宫肌瘤患者术后恢复的临床应用效果。方法:选取2021年2月-2023年3月本院妇科接受腹腔镜手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者80例,随机抽签法分为对照组和观察组各40例,分别采用常规护理或采用多元化康复健康干预护理... 详细信息

目的:探究多元化康复健康干预对子宫肌瘤患者术后恢复的临床应用效果。方法:选取2021年2月-2023年3月本院妇科接受腹腔镜手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者80例,随机抽签法分为对照组和观察组各40例,分别采用常规护理或采用多元化康复健康干预护理,均干预7d;对比两组术后恢复时间、视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、生活质量功能量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分和并发症。结果:观察组首次下床时间(11.33±2.89h)、排气时间(16.92±2.08h)、住院时间(5.26±2.02d)和切口拆线时间(14.37±1.06d)均短于对照组(15.26±3.17h、23.39±3.28h、8.59±2.79d、16.33±1.52d);术后3d、7d时两组VAS评分均较术前下降,且观察组(2.58±0.25分、2.02±0.23分)低于对照组(2.98±0.29分、2.56±0.27分);术后7d两组SAS和SDS均降低且观察组(39.26±3.27分、39.49±3.11分)低于对照组(58.36±3.29分、52.36±4.46分),两组WHOQOL-BREF评分均升高且观察组(87.78±3.82分)高于对照组(78.61±4.19分);术后并发症发生率观察组(17.5%)低于对照组(37.5%)(均P<0.05)。结论:子宫肌瘤腹腔镜手术围术期应用多元化康复健康干预,可有效缩短患者术后恢复时间,改善患者术后疼痛和不良心理,提升术后生活质量,降低术后并发症发生。

关键词：子宫肌瘤腹腔镜手术围术期多元化康复健康教育术后恢复

Identification of predictive factors for post-transarterial chemoembolization liver failure in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8535-8546页

作者： Min Yuan Tian-You Chen Xiao-Rong Chen Yun-Fei Lu Jia Shi Wen-Si Zhang Chen Ye bo-zong Tang zong-Guo Yang Department of Interventional Medicine Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China Department of Integrative Medicine Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 201200China

BACKGROUND Post-transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)liver failure occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.The identification of predictors for post-TACE liver failure is of great importance for clinical decision-making in this population.AIM To investigate the occurrence rate and predictive factors of post-TACE liver failure in this retrospective study to provide clues for decision-making regarding TACE procedures in HCC patients.METHODS The clinical records of HCC patients treated with TACE therapy were reviewed.Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of these patients were extracted.Logistic models were used to identify candidates to predict post-TACE liver failure.RESULTS A total of 199 HCC patients were enrolled in this study,and 70 patients(35.2%)developed post-TACE liver failure.Univariate and multivariate logistic models indicated that microspheres plus gelatin embolization and main tumor size>5 cm were risk predictors for post-TACE liver failure[odds ratio(OR):4.4,95%confidence interval(CI):1.2-16.3,P=0.027;OR:2.3,95%CI:1.05-5.3,P=0.039,respectively].Conversely,HCC patients who underwent tumor resection surgery before the TACE procedure had a lower risk for post-TACE liver failure(OR:0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.95,P=0.039).CONCLUSION Microspheres plus gelatin embolization and main tumor size might be risk factors for post-TACE liver failure in HCC patients,while prior tumor resection could be a favorable factor reducing the risk of post-TACE liver failure.

关键词： Transarterial chemoembolization Liver failure Hepatocellular carcinoma Embolization Tumor size

Repeat peroral endoscopic myotomy with simultaneous submucosal and muscle dissection as a salvage option for recurrent achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第15期29卷 2349-2358页

作者： Yun-Juan Lin Sheng-Zhen Liu Long-Song Li Ke Han bo-zong Shao En-Qiang Linghu Ning-Li Chai Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND For recurrent achalasia after initial peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)failure,repeat POEM(Re-POEM)has been reported as a treatment option.However,severe esophageal interlayer adhesions caused by previous procedures impede the successful establishment of a submucosal tunnel and lead to aborted Re-POEM procedures.Our team previously described POEM with simultaneous submucosal and muscle dissection(POEM-SSMD)as a feasible solution for achalasia with severe interlayer adhesions.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Re-POEM with simultaneous submucosal and muscle dissection(Re-POEM-SSMD).METHODS A total of 1049 patients with achalasia who underwent successful endoscopic myotomy at the Digestive Endoscopic Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2014 to May 2022 were reviewed.Patients with recurrent achalasia who experienced initial POEM clinical failure were retrospectively included in this study.The primary endpoint was retreatment clinical success,defined as an Eckardt score≤3 during the postretreatment follow-up and no need for additional treatment.Procedure-related adverse events,changes in manometric lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure and reflux complications,as well as procedure-related parameters,were recorded.RESULTS Sixteen patients underwent Re-POEM(9 patients)or Re-POEM-SSMD(7 patients)successfully at a median of 45.5 mo(range,4-95 mo)after initial POEM.During a median followup period of 31 mo(range,7-96 mo),clinical success(Eckardt score≤3)was achieved in 8(88.9%)and 6(85.7%)patients after Re-POEM and Re-POEM-SSMD,respectively(P=0.849).The median Eckardt score dropped from 4(range,3-8)at preretreatment to 1(range,0-5)at postretreatment in the Re-POEM group(P=0.025)and from 5(range,2-8)to 2(range,0-4)in the Re-POEM-SSMD group(Pboth groups.CON

关键词： Esophageal achalasia Recurrence Peroral endoscopic myotomy Simultaneous submucosal and muscle dissection Interlayer adhesion Salvage therapy

长城三矿选煤厂从洗选矸石中回收低热值煤的工艺探索

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煤炭加工与综合利用 2024年第6期 50-51,56页

作者：刘翔侯宗波潘文涛王震崔波马臣靖周长新周贵宙新汶矿业集团有限责任公司洗煤分公司山东泰安271219

长城三矿选煤厂洗选矸石中存在高密度低灰分的煤矸石,现有重介质分选工艺不能对其进行有效分选,直接废弃会造成煤炭资源浪费,直接燃烧产生的热量较少,并且会造成环境污染。通过对长城三矿选煤厂洗选块矸石进行试验分析,并调整末煤重介... 详细信息

长城三矿选煤厂洗选矸石中存在高密度低灰分的煤矸石,现有重介质分选工艺不能对其进行有效分选,直接废弃会造成煤炭资源浪费,直接燃烧产生的热量较少,并且会造成环境污染。通过对长城三矿选煤厂洗选块矸石进行试验分析,并调整末煤重介质旋流器锥角,对这部分低热值煤进行再回收利用,避免煤炭资源的浪费,提高了企业的经济效益。

关键词：选煤厂洗选矸石低热值煤智能干法分选旋流器结构优化

Rapid Conversion of Perhydropolysilazane into Thin Silica Coating at Low Temperature

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第8期41卷 1198-1205,I0006页

作者： Wen-Yue Wang Yu-Lin Zhang Xiang Guo Li-Ming Wang Jun-Rong Zhang Hui Yang Guo-Jun Dong zong-bo Zhang Cai-Hong Xu Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100190China Yantai Research Institute Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai 264000China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China

The conversion of perhydropolysilazane(PHPS)to silica at low temperature is beneficial for its application on thermally vulnerable substrates.In this work,it is demonstrated that(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(APTES)has high catalytic efficiency for the low temperature conversion of PHPS and the catalytic mechanism of APTES was suggested.The influence of temperatu re and humidity on the catalytic conversion process was investigated,and it was found that PHPS can be rapidly converted to silica in 10 min at 80℃with relative humidity of 90%.The achieved silica is mainly composed of SiNO_(3)/SiO_(3)OH and SiO_(4)structure with O/Si of 1.74 and N content of 1%.As an approach to prepare inorganic coating,the low-temperature conversion method achieves a silica coating with low volume shrinkage of 0.86%,low roughness of R_(a)=0.293 nm,high nanoindentation hardness of 3.62 GPa and modulus of 30.06 GPa,which exhibits high potentials as protective coating for va rious materials even those vulnerable to high temperature.

关键词： Perhydropolysilazane (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Silica coating Rapid conversion Catalysis

Spatial distribution analysis on climatic variables in northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第2期13卷 247-251页

作者： SHANG zong-bo GAO Qiong YANG Dian-An YANG Zheng-Yu Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Information ecology is a new research area of modern ecology. Here describes the spatial distribution analysis methods of four sorts of climatic variables, i.e. temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine fraction in Northeast China. First, digital terrain models was built with large scale maps and vector data. Then trend surface analysis and interpolation method were used to analyze the spatial distribution of these four kinds of climatic variables at three temporal scale: (1) monthly data; (2) mean monthly data of thirty years, and (3) mean annual data of thirty years. Ecological information system were used for graphics analysis on the spatial distribution of these climatic variables.

关键词： spatial distribution analysis climatic variables trend surface analysis information ecology