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Advancing space-based gravitational wave astronomy: Rapid parameter estimation via normalizing flows

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 20-33页

作者： Minghui Du bo liang He Wang Peng Xu Ziren Luo Yueliang Wu Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity LaboratoryInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe(Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Lanzhou Center of Theoretical Physics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Gravitational wave(GW) astronomy is witnessing a transformative shift from terrestrial to space-based detection, with missions like Taiji at the forefront. While the transition brings unprecedented opportunities for exploring massive black hole binaries(MBHBs), it also imposes complex challenges in data analysis, particularly in parameter estimation amidst confusion noise.Addressing this gap, we utilize scalable normalizing flow models to achieve rapid and accurate inference within the Taiji environment. Innovatively, our approach simplifies the data's complexity, employs a transformation mapping to overcome the year-period time-dependent response function, and unveils additional multimodality in the arrival time parameter. Our method estimates MBHBs several orders of magnitude faster than conventional techniques, maintaining high accuracy even in complex backgrounds. These findings significantly enhance the efficiency of GW data analysis, paving the way for rapid detection and alerting systems and enriching our ability to explore the universe through space-based GW observation.

关键词： Taiji program gravitational wave detection parameter estimation machine learning

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Total ionizing dose effect modeling method for CMOS digital-integrated circuit

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 32-46页

作者： bo liang Jin-Hui Liu Xiao-Peng Zhang Gang Liu Wen-Dan Tan Xin-Dan Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

Simulating the total ionizing dose(TID)of an electrical system using transistor-level models can be difficult and expensive,particularly for digital-integrated circuits(ICs).In this study,a method for modeling TID effects in complementary metaloxide semiconductor(CMOS)digital ICs based on the input/output buffer information specification(IBIS)was proposed.The digital IC was first divided into three parts based on its internal structure:the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area.Each of these three parts was separately modeled.Using the IBIS model,the transistor V-I characteristic curves of the buffers were processed,and the physical parameters were extracted and modeled using VHDL-AMS.In the functional area,logic functions were modeled in VHDL according to the data sheet.A golden digital IC model was developed by combining the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area models.Furthermore,the golden ratio was reconstructed based on TID experimental data,enabling the assessment of TID effects on the threshold voltage,carrier mobility,and time series of the digital IC.TID experiments were conducted using a CMOS non-inverting multiplexer,NC7SZ157,and the results were compared with the simulation results,which showed that the relative errors were less than 2%at each dose point.This confirms the practicality and accuracy of the proposed modeling method.The TID effect model for digital ICs developed using this modeling technique includes both the logical function of the IC and changes in electrical properties and functional degradation impacted by TID,which has potential applications in the design of radiation-hardening tolerance in digital ICs.

关键词： CMOS digital-integrated circuit Total ionizing dose IBIS model Behavior-physical hybrid model Physical parameters

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Seasonal increase in nest defense,but not egg rejection,in a cuckoo host

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 50-54页

作者： bo Zhou Wei liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Institute of Biological Resources Jiangxi Academy of ScienceNanchang 330096China

The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts provide an informative and easy-to-handle system for studying coevolution.Avian brood parasitism reduces the reproductive success of hosts,and thus,hosts have evolved anti-parasitic strategies,such as rejecting parasitic eggs and adopting aggressive nest defense strategies,to avoid the cost brought on by brood parasitism.To test whether host anti-parasitic strategies are adjusted with the risk of being parasitized when the breeding seasons of brood parasites and hosts are not synchronous,we conducted a field experiment assessing nest defense and egg recognition behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike(Lanius isabellinus),a host of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).In the local area,the host Isabelline Shrike begins to breed in April,whereas the summer migratory Common Cuckoo migrates to the local area in May and begins to lay parasitic eggs.Results showed that nest defense behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike increases significantly after cuckoo arrival,showing higher aggressiveness to cuckoo dummies,with no significant difference in attack rates among cuckoo,sparrowhawk and dove dummies,but their egg rejection did not change significantly.These results imply that Isabelline Shrikes may adjust their nest defense behavior,but not egg rejection behavior,with seasonality.

关键词： Aggression Anti-parasite strategy Egg rejection Mismatch cuckoo parasitism Nest defense

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic fungi differentially modulate polyamines or proline of peach in response to soil flooding

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 460-472页

作者： Shengmin liang Yingning ZOU bo SHU Qiangsheng WU Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of WetlandHubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of WetlandCollege of Horticulture and GardeningYangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025China

Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhancement of stress resistance by symbiotic fungi is associated with changes in PAs and/or proline.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant growth,PAs,and proline and the metabolisms in peach(Prunus persica)under flooding.Two-week flooding did not affect root colonization frequence of F.mosseae,while it promoted root colonization frequence of S.indica.Under flooding,plants inoculated with F.mosseae and S.indica maintained relatively higher growth rates than uninoculated plants.Funneliformis mosseae promoted root ornithine(Orn)contentration and arginine(Arg)and Orn decarboxylase activities under flooding,which promoted putrescine(Put),cadaverine(Cad),and spermidine(Spd)contentrations.Conversely,S.indica decreased contentrations of Arg,Orn,and agmatine and Arg decarboxylase activities,thus decreasing PA contentrations under flooding.Polyamines were negatively correlated with the expression of PA uptake transporter genes,PpPUT1 and PpPUT2,in peach.Polyamine transporter genes of F.mosseae(FmTPO)and S.indica(SiTPO)were regulated by flooding,of which FmTPO1 was positively correlated with Put,Cad,and Spd,along with positive correlations of Spd with SiTPO1,SiTPO2,and SiTPO4.Under flooding,F.mosseae decreased proline concentration,while S.indica increased proline concentration and correlated with expression of a△^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene,PpP5CS2.It was thus concluded that F.mosseae modulated polyamine accumulation,while S.indica induced proline accumulation to tolerate flooding.

关键词： △^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase flooding tolerance Funneliformis mosseae ornithine aminotransferase root colonization Serendipita indica spermidine transporter

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Processing of a low-cost γ-γ' NiPtAl coating with improved oxidation resistance

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2832-2841页

作者： Yan Jiang liang-liang Wei Jian He Hong-bo Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural Materials and Protective Coatings Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeihang University

A novel γ-γ'（Ni solid solution—Ni3Al） NiPtAl coating was produced on advanced single-crystal（SC）superalloy N5 by electroplating of a thin Pt coating with～3 μm in thickness followed by heat treatment at 1000 ℃ in vacuum.For comparison,a traditional γ-γ'NiPtAl coating was also produced by electroplating of a thick Pt coating with ～ 6 μm in thickness followed by heat treatment at 1100 ℃ in vacuum.The novel coating has a mass gain of～ 0.5 mg·cm-2after 100 h 1-h cyclic oxidation at 1150℃,showing better oxidation resistance than the traditional coating.An oxide scale mostly consisting of α-Al2O3grew on the novel coating because the element Cr from the SC alloy substrate contributes to the formation of α-Al2O3.Pt content in the novel coating has significant effect on the oxidation resistance.The optimized Pt content in the coating is about 16 at%,which is helpful to reduce the diffusion of harmful elements from the substrate into the coating but also to reduce the cost of the coating.

关键词： γ–γ′ NiPtAl coating Platinum Oxidation Al 2 O 3 Superalloy

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Cluster-Based Massive Access for Massive MIMO Systems

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 24-33页

作者： Shiyu liang Wei Chen Zhongwen Sun Ao Chen bo Ai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100091China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100091China Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100091China Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Broadband Mobile Information Communications Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100091China Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100091China School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Massive machine type communication aims to support the connection of massive devices,which is still an important scenario in 6G.In this paper,a novel cluster-based massive access method is proposed for massive multiple input multiple output systems.By exploiting the angular domain characteristics,devices are separated into multiple clusters with a learned cluster-specific dictionary,which enhances the identification of active devices.For detected active devices whose data recovery fails,power domain nonorthogonal multiple access with successive interference cancellation is employed to recover their data via re-transmission.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme and algorithm achieve improved performance on active user detection and data recovery.

关键词： compressive sensing dictionary learning multiuser detection random access

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A novel matrix topology-based analysis method of thermal circuits for reliability optimization of HSER

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 479-492页

作者： Huimin liang bo LI Jiaxin YOU Shan JIANG Mengtong ZHU Aobo WANG Department of Electrical Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology Nanjing 210008China

Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay(HSER), used in aviation and aerospace,demands high reliability due to its critical applications. Given its complex operating conditions, efficient thermal analysis is essential for optimizing reliability. The commonly used Finite Element Method(FEM) is often time-consuming and may not be efficient or adaptable for complex multi-dimensional system calculations and design processes. This paper introduces an analysis method for thermal networks based on matrix perspective technology, encompassing matrix transformation, backpropagation of the heat path model, temperature rise calculation, solution comparison, and product implementation. Using the similarity theory of heat circuits, a basic thermal unit is established. Based on the fundamental connection between key components, a thermal network for a typical HSER is designed. An experimental system is set up, and the thermal network model's accuracy is confirmed using test data. Employing the topology analysis method, the topology of the thermal network is analyzed under both coil-energized and de-energized states. Potential thermal paths are identified, leading to optimized solutions for the HSER. Utilizing these solutions, the thermal path matrix topology model is backpropagated to the thermal path for temperature rise calculations. When compared to prototype HSER test data, the efficiency and accuracy of this matrix topology-based analysis method are confirmed.

关键词： Thermal networks HSER(Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay) Heat-circuit topology model Heat-circuit matrix Optimization design

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Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 563-570页

作者： bo Han Weishi liang Yong Hai Duan Sun Hongtao Ding Yihan Yang Peng Yin Department of Orthopedics Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity.With the increased degree and duration of distraction,spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology,histology,and behavior.Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury.In this study,we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury,focusing particularly on the neurophysiological,histological,and behavioral characteristics of this disease.In addition,we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury.We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research,and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

关键词： animal models behavior distraction heterogeneity histology mechanism neurophysiology spinal cord injury systematic review tension

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Enhancing thermoelectric performance in P-type Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based Zintls through optimization of band gap structure and nanostructuring

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 25-32页

作者： Yi-bo Zhang Ji-Sheng liang Chengyan Liu Qi Zhou Zhe Xu Hong-bo Chen Fu-cong Li Ying Peng Lei Miao Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and DevicesMinistry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativity Astrophysics Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Featured MaterialsSchool of Physical Science&TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application Guilin University of Electronic TechnologySchool of Information and CommunicationGuilin 541004China

P-type Mg_(3)Sb_(2)-based Zintls have attracted considerable interest in the thermoelectric(TE)field due to their environmental friendliness and low cost.However,compared to their n-type counterparts,they show relatively low TE performance,limiting their application in TE devices.In this work,we simultaneously introduce Bi alloying at Sb sites and Ag doping at Mg sites into the Mg_(3)Sb_(2)to coopera-tively optimize the electrical and thermal properties for the first time,acquiring the highest ZT value of∼0.85 at 723 K and a high average ZT of 0.39 in the temperature range of 323-723 K in sample Mg_(2.94)Ag_(0.06)Sb_(1.9)Bi_(0.1).The first-principle calculations show that the codoping of Ag and Bi can shift the Fermi level into the valence band and narrow the band gap,resulting in the increased carrier concentration from 3.50×10^(17)cm^(-3)in the reference Mg 3 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1 to∼7.88×10^(19)cm^(-3)in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1.As a result,a remarkable power factor of∼778.9μW m^(-1)K^(-2)at 723 K is achieved in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1.Meanwhile,a low lattice thermal conductivity of∼0.48 W m^(-1)K^(-1)at 723 K is also obtained with the help of phonon scattering at the distorted lattice,point defects,and nano-precipitates in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1.The synergistic effect of using the multi-element co-doping/-alloying to optimize electrical properties in Mg_(3)Sb_(2)holds promise for further improving the TE performance of Zintl phase materials or even others.

关键词： Thermoelectric materials Band engineering Nanostructuring P-type Mg_(3)Sb_(2) Ag and Bi Co-doping

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The influence of yttrium and manganese additions on the degradation and biocompatibility of magnesium-zinc-based alloys:In vitro and in vivo studies

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 608-624页

作者： Lei Shi Yang Yan Chun-sheng Shao Kun Yu bo Zhang liang-jian Chen Third Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The repair and regeneration of bone defects are highly challenging orthopedic problems.Recently,Mg-based implants have gained popularity due to their unique biodegradation and elastic modulus similar to that of human bone.The aim of our study is to develop a magnesium alloy with a controllable degradation that can closely match bone tissue to help injuries heal in vivo and avoid cytotoxicity caused by a sudden increase in ion concentration.In this study,we prepared and modified Mg-3Zn,Mg-3Zn-1Y,and Mg-2Zn-1Mn by hot extrusion,and used Mg-2.5Y-2.5Nd was as a control.We then investigated the effect of additions of Y and Mn on alloys'properties.Our results show that Mn and Y can improve not only compression strength but also corrosion resistance.The alloy Mg-2Zn-1Mn demonstrated good cytocompatibility in vitro,and for this reason we selected it for implantation in vivo.The degraded Mg-2Zn-1Mn implanted a bone defect area did not cause obvious rejection and inflammatory reaction,and the degradation products left no signs of damage to the heart,liver,kidney,or brain.Furthermore,we find that Mg-2Zn-1Mn can promote an osteoinductive response in vivo and the formation of bone regeneration.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Biodegradation Biocompatibility bone regeneration bone defect repair

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