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Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2000年第3期12卷 319-324页

作者： GAO Bao\|yu\+1, LIU Zong\|gang\+2. YUE Qin\|yan\+3. ZHAO Hua\|zhang\+3.(1. Department of environmental engineering, Shandong {2., Jinan 2.0100, china.2. environmental Monitoring Station of Huaiyin, Jinan 2.002., china.3. Department of Environ 山东大学山东济南 2 50 1 0 0 山东济南市槐荫区环境监测山东济南 2 50 0 2 2

Polyaluminium chlorides with sulfate ion(PACS) were prepared by using AlCl 3.6H 2., Al(SO 4) 3.18H 2. and Na 2.O 3.as raw materials. The effects of basicity ( r ), Al 3. /SO 4 2. molar ratio and aging time on the morphology of PACS were observed by transmission electrical microscope. The influence of aging time on charge neutralization and coagulation effect of PACS was studied. The effects of basicity ( r ), Al 3. /SO 4 2. molar ratio and aging time on the electrical conductivity of PACS solution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of polymerization of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) increases when SO 4 2. ion is added. The higher the basicity( r ) and the longer the aging time, the larger the size of polymer PACS. The ability of PACS neutralizing the charge on Kaolinite decreases with the increase of aging time. The electrical conductivity of PACS solution(the concentration of Al 3. ion is 0.18 mol/L) with different aging time is the function of the basicity and Al 3. /SO 4 2. molar ratios and has its maximum at r =0.5 and Al 3. /SO 4 2. =12.

关键词： coagulant PACS morphology transmission electron microscope electrical conductivity coagulation

Subsidence control and farmland conservation by solid backfilling mining technology

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 665-669页

作者： GUO Guang-li1, 2. FENG Wen-kai3. ZHA Jian-feng1, 2. 3. LIU Yuan-xu1, 2. WANG Qiang1, {3.. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the State Bureau of Surve{2.g and Mapping, china.university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou {3.116, china.2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information {13., china.university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou {3.116, china.3. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu university of Technology, Chengdu 610059, china [a] Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [b] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information {2. China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [c] State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

Solid backfilling mining technology, which decreases the height of fissure zone and caving zone, and alleviates the subsidence, is a new technology for farmland conservation. Based on the situation analysis of farmland destruction in mining area, three ways for farmland protection were proposed. In order to improve the feasibility of this technology, the limited filling materials should be used to increase resources recovery ratio, and then the surplus materials could be backfilled into goaf. An index, namely farmland conservation ability, was put forward to optimize the ways for farmland conservation. At last, the Wanbei coal mine was taken as a case for farmland conservation. It was shown that 3.0}0 t dull coal was substituted and 52.hm2.farmland was conserved by solid backfilling mining in this coal mine.

关键词： solid backfilling farmland conservation mining subsidence equivalent mining height

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 423-432页

作者： ZHANG Dai-jun 1,2.(1. Department of environmental Science, Chongqing university, Campus A, Chongqing 400044, {2.2. Key Laboratory for the Southwest {2.Resources Exploitation and environmental Disaster Control engineering, Ministry of Education, {2.) Department of environmental Science Chongqing University China

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L·d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO -_2.N/(L·d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification(0.05 gN/(L·d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3. of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (3..3.mg/L) and nitrite(3..3.mg/L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.

关键词： methanogenesis denitrification ANAMMOX EGSB reactor

New stylophorans(Echinodermata) from the Upper Cambrian of Guangxi,South china

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Science china.Earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 181-186页

作者： HAN NaiRen1 & CHEN Guiying1,2.1 Department of Resources and {2. {3., Guilin university of Technology, Gulin 541004, china.2.faculty of Earth Sciences, china.university of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, china Department of Resources and environmental engineering Guilin University of Technology Gulin 541004 China faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geoscience Wuhan 430074 China

This paper describes for the first time the cornute stylophorans (Echinodermata) in china. The new material came from the Guole Formation of the Furongian (Late Cambrian) in the Guole area of Jingxi, Guangxi Province, South china. These new cornute specimens are preserved in situ and found along with well-preserved trilobites and brachiopods. One new species, Phyllocystis jingxiensis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these unusual materials. The new species is defined by the small, heart-shaped theca with the frame composed of ten narrow, smooth and thick marginal plates, three adoral plates and distinctive zygal and aulacophore. {2.th supracentrals and infracentrals are polygonal-outlined. The marginal plate M1' on the inferior face extends posteriorly to form zygal that possesses a broadened proximal end and the proximal portion joining with the conjunction between M4 and M5 on the inferior face. Aulacophore comprises ten segments at its proximal part and is conical at the middle part (named stylocone). Its distal portion is rather long and bears conspicuous ambulacrum grooves. Tectals are horizontally arranged on superior face and obliquely arranged on inferior face. {2.th cothurnopore and anal pyramid are vaguely seen on the right anterior corner and the extremity of theca's superior face.

关键词： Phyllocystis Stylophora Echinodermata Cambrian Guangxi South china

Mining subsidence control by solid backfilling under buildings

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 670-674页

作者： ZHA Jian-feng1, 2. 3. GUO Guang-li1, 2. FENG Wen-kai3. WANG Qiang1, 2.1. Key La{3.ratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the State Bureau of Surve{2.g and Mapping, china.university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china.2. Jiangsu Key La{3.ratory of Resources and environmental Information engineering, china.university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china.3. State Key La{3.ratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu university of Technology, Chengdu 610059, china [a] Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [b] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information {2. China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [c] State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

Solid backfilling mining can reduce the buildings' damage caused by mining greatly. The reduction of subsidence value, the slow advancing speed and the subsidence caused by backfilling body compaction are the main reasons that solid backfilling mining velocity decreases significantly. Based on the research of mechanism, some principles on subsidence control of solid backfilling mining under buildings were proposed. The equivalent mining height was designed according to the fortification criteria of buildings and their attachment structures, which enables the ground movement and deformation caused by mining to be less than the corresponding fortification criteria.

关键词： solid backfilling mining subsidence control mining under buildings

Debating about the climate warming

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 1-6页

作者： WANG Shaowu1, LUO Yong2. ZHAO Zongci2. DONG Wenje2.and YANG Bao3.(1.Department of Atmospheric Sciences, {3. of Physics, Peking university, Beijing 100871, {2.2. Laboratory for Climate studies, {2.Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, {2.3. Institute of Cold and Arid Regions environmental and engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, {2. [a] Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing China [b] Laboratory for Climate studies China Meterological Administration Beijing China [c] Institute of Cold and Arid Regions environmental and engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Debating about the climate warming is reviewed. Discussions have focused on the validity of the temperature reconstruction for the last millennium made by Mann et al. Arguments against and for the reconstruction are introduced. Temperature reconstructions by other authors are examined, including the one carried out by Wang et al. in 1996. It is concluded that: (1) Ability of reproducing temperature variability of time scale less than 10 a is limited, so no sufficient evidence proves that the 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 was the warmest year over the last millennium. (2. All of the temperature reconstructions by different authors demonstrate the occurrence of the MWP (Medieval Warm Period) and LIA (Little Ice Age) in low frequency band of temperature variations, though the peak in the MWP and trough in LIA varies from one reconstruction to the others. Therefore, terms of MWP and LIA can be used in studies of climate change. (3. The warming from 1975 to 2.00 was significant, but we do not know if it was the strongest for the last millennium, which needs to be proved by more evidence.

关键词： climate warming MWP LIA the 2.th century.

The mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation

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Science china.Technological Sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 391-397页

作者： HUANG Cheng1, SONG bo1, MAO Jinghong2.& ZHAO Pei3.1. school of Metallurgical and Ecological {2., university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083. china.2. school of Material Science, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083. china.3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, china 1. school of Metallurgical and Ecological engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 2. school of Material Science University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute 100081 Beijing China

The heterogeneous nucleation has been analyzed in terms of the thermodynamic theory, and the mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation has been developed based on the dynamic requirements of hetero- and homogeneous nucleation. With the wetting angel model, the wetting angles of different catalysts in liquid iron have been calculated. The result shows that the wetting angle of most catalysts is smaller than 40, and the value of f() is far less than 1. The wetting angles of TiN, TiC and RE2.3.are smaller, while the wetting angle of MnO is bigger among the ordinary nucleation catalysts. The wetting angles calculated by this model are in agreement with the results of other research work.

关键词： heterogeneous nucleation, mathematical model, wetting angle, undercooling.

Quick image-processing method of UAV without control points data in earthquake disaster area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 523-528页

作者： LI Chang-chun1, ZHANG Guang-sheng1, LEI Tian-jie2. 3. GONG A-du2. 3.1. school of Surve{3.g & Land Information {2., Henan Polytechnic university, Jiaozuo 454000, china.2. Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, china.3. Ministry of Civil Affairs/Ministry of Education of china.Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, china [a] school of Surveying & Land Information {2. Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China [b] Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China [c] Ministry of Civil Affairs/Ministry of Education of china.Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The methods of unmanned aerial vehicles images splicing rapidly and rectifying without control points data, only using auxiliary data recorded by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, were researched. Two algorithms were proposed, including UAV images auto- splicing rapidly after image blocking and UAV images rectifying based on pseudo center points of auxiliary data. When SIFT algorithm for UAV images splicing is applied, the accuracy is very high, but the efficiency is very low. The splicing efficiency is improved greatly based on SIFT algorithm after image blocking. The results show that rectifying accuracy is very high and has no visual dislocation when pseudo center points of auxiliary data is applied.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicles SIFT algorithm blocking quickly splicing rectification

A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science china.Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2. YANG Zhifa2. SHANG Yanjun2. ZHOU Shenghua1 & {3. Juntao3.1. china.Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Beijing 100012. china.2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of engineering Geomechanics, Beijing 10002., china.3. school of Geoscience & {13. engineering, Central South university, Changsha 410083. china 1. china.Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey Beijing 100012 China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing 100029 China 3. school of Geoscience & environmental {2. Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.