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科技纵览 2022年第11期 26-31页

作者： Eliza Strickland Anatomy blue(插图) 不详

理查德·科斯坦佐(Richard Costanzo)站在一个人体头部模型边(该模型戴着配备了电子设备的眼镜),将一瓶蓝色液体放在一个微小的传感器上。LED发出蓝光,科斯坦佐的手机显示“Windex”(玻璃清洁剂品牌)一词。接着,他晃了晃一瓶紫色液体,... 详细信息

理查德·科斯坦佐(Richard Costanzo)站在一个人体头部模型边(该模型戴着配备了电子设备的眼镜),将一瓶蓝色液体放在一个微小的传感器上。LED发出蓝光,科斯坦佐的手机显示“Windex”(玻璃清洁剂品牌)一词。接着,他晃了晃一瓶紫色液体,得到紫色的光以及“李施德林”的信息。●“最终模型上不会有透明胶带。”科斯坦佐边说边在位于里士满的弗吉尼亚联邦大学的实验室里重新布置了设备。

关键词：透明胶带电子设备里士满仿生鼻传感器

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Fluvial diversity in relation to valley setting in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第5期23卷 817-832页

作者： YU Guo-an LIU Le LI Zhiwei LI Yanfu HUANG Heqing Gary BRIERLEY Brendon blue WANG Zhaoyin PAN Baozhu Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan 430010 China

The spatial distribution of valley setting （laterally-unconfined, partly-confined, or confined） and fluvial morphology in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers is contrasted and analyzed. The source region of the Yangtze River is divided into 3 broad sections （I, II and III） based on valley setting and channel gradient, with the upstream and downstream sections being characterized by confined （some reaches partly-confined） valleys while the middle section is characterized with wide and shallow, laterally-unconfined valleys. Gorges are prominent in sections I and III, while braided channel patterns dominate section II. By contrast, the source region of the Yellow River is divided into 5 broad sections （sections I-V） based on valley characteristics and channel gradient. Sections I, II and IV are alluvial reaches with mainly laterally-unconfined （some short reaches partly-confined） valleys. Sections III and V are mainly confined or partly-confined. Greater morphological diversity is evident in the source region of the Yellow River relative to the upper Yangtze River. This includes braided, anabranching, anastomosing, meandering and straight alluvial patterns, with gorges in confined reaches. The macro-relief （elevation, gradient, aspect, valley alignment and confinement） of the region, linked directly to tectonic movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, tied to climatic, hydrologic and biotic considerations, are primary controls upon the patterns of river diversity in the region.

关键词： valley setting fluvial morphology river patterns spatial distribution source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

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Bed load transport under different streambed conditions-a field experimental study in a mountain stream

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第4期27卷 426-438页

作者： Guo-an YU Zhao-yin WANG He Qing HUANG Huai-xiang LIU Brendon blue Kang ZHANG Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute School of Environment The University of Auckland Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute

Bed load transport in mountain streams is closely linked to streambed *** structures are arrangements of boulders and cobbles deposited during extreme floods,in a stable configuration exhibiting high dissipation of *** experiments were carried out in a mountain stream in Yunnan,southwestern China,studying bed load movement on three typical streambeds,i.e.,with well developed,partially developed,and no *** underwater observation and video-capturing system was designed to observe and measure the movement of bed load *** initiation mode, trajectory,velocity,and acceleration of bed load particles under the three conditions were observed and *** showed that the bed load movement was highly associated with streambed *** well-developed structures,bed load particles moved intermittently through saltation and the bed load transport rate was very *** partially-developed structures most bed load particles moved through saltation but a portion of sediment moved in sliding and *** the case with no streambed structure(plane bed) contact load motion(sliding and rolling) gradually became ***,laminated load motion occurred and became the main component of bed load transport when the flow discharge and incoming sediment load were very *** load motion was a special form of bed load motion with an extremely high *** load transport and streambed structure both acted to dissipate flow energy and were mutually *** rates of bed load transport occurred in the streams with no or poor bed structures,and low bed load transport was associated with well developed *** bed load transport rate was inversely correlated to the degree of streambed development.

关键词： Bed load transport Streambed structure Mountain stream Underwater observation and Video capturing system

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中国围术期人工胶体液使用现状蓝皮书

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中华麻醉学杂志 2022年第12期42卷 1409-1425页

作者：《中国围术期人工胶体液使用现状蓝皮书》工作组熊利泽王天龙杨尹默不详同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院上海200081 首都医科大学宣武医院北京大学第一医院

液体治疗是外科患者围术期容量管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于围术期治疗的全过程,目的在于维持水电解质平衡,纠正液体失衡和异常分布等。围术期容量管理是影响患者术后康复的重要因素之一,适宜的容量管理可减少50%的围术期并发症。在临床... 详细信息

液体治疗是外科患者围术期容量管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于围术期治疗的全过程,目的在于维持水电解质平衡,纠正液体失衡和异常分布等。围术期容量管理是影响患者术后康复的重要因素之一,适宜的容量管理可减少50%的围术期并发症。在临床实践工作中,临床医师常需要面对数量庞大的患者,而不同患者所患的外科疾病和并存基础疾病以及术中的临床状况不同,围术期容量管理也存在显著差异,因此,容量管理既是围术期临床管理的重点,也是难点。围术期容量管理的理论在20世纪50年代提出之后,对其理论及临床实践的探索不断更新,但至今仍未形成定论。

关键词：临床实践工作外科患者液体治疗水电解质平衡临床状况临床医师围术期治疗外科疾病

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