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Level of Bacteriological and Physicochemical Pollution of Surface Waters in Rural Area: The Case of Mbankomo Municipality (Center Region, Cameroon)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 173-188页

作者： Vanelle Lontchi Segnou blandine pulchérie tamatcho kweyang Ernest Koji Siméon Tchakonte Murielle Patricia Mabou Tokam Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti Fils Mamert Onana Ornella Eunice Wandji Kweya Antoine Tamsa Arfao Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Natural Resources and Environmental Management Unit Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratoire d’Application et d’Analyses Médicales Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé et du Management de Garoua Garoua Cameroun

A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). The physico-chemical parameters were measured according to the standard method. The organic pollution index (OPI) was determined from the contents of nitrates, phosphates, and ammoniacal nitrogen to characterize the level of organic pollution of the water. The microorganisms sought were total flora, indicators of faecal contamination like total coliforms, faecal coliforms, feacal streptococci and Escherichia coli, as well as the species Clostridium perfringens. The organic pollution index indicates a high-level organic pollution level during the small rainy season and high to moderate during the small dry season. High concentrations of the total and fecal coliforms, streptococci fecal, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens respectively of 1712 × 105 CFU/100mL;82 × 105 CFU/100mL;10 × 105 CFU/100mL;27 × 105 and 40 × 103 CFU/100mL, all higher than WHO standards, indicate that the waterways of Mbankomo are subject to feacal pollution and harbor pathogenic microflora. The cell densities of main bacteria were significantly correlated with main abiotic parameters, such as Escherichia coli, which was significantly correlated with the pH of the water (r = 0.35;p < 0.05). The variation of organic pollution index category means correspond to a high level of organic pollution during the small rainy season and a high to moderate level during the small dry season. The deterioration of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to sources of pollution (toilets, plantation), the runoff of the waters contaminated, the use of detergents and wrong maintenance. These waters without any treatment are not recommendable for human consumption according to standards of the World Health Organization.

关键词： Bacteriological Quality Physicochemical Parameters Surface Waters Organic Pollution Index

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Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Liquid Wastes: The Case of the University Hospital Centre (UHC) of Yaoundé-Cameroon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 170-190页

作者： Luciane Marlyse Moungang blandine pulchérie tamatcho kweyang Lisyane Merveille Betyi Roland Ndifor Ache Yves Poutoum Yogne Mouhama Sani Adams Ibn Rabiou Golda Reine Zame Meva’a Aurélie Dzenga Njeunkam Claire Stephane Metsopkeng Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Higher Technical Teachers Training College University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

The untreated effluents generated by hospital activities contribute to the dissemination of pathogenic germs and multi-resistant bacteria, thus presenting a great potential danger for health and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality of the effluents of the Yaoundé University Hospital Centre and their impact on the environment. It was a prospective and analytical study on three sites where hospital effluents from the intensive care unit (Station A), the upstream of the wastewater treatment plant (Station B), and the gynaecology, surgery and hospitalisation departments (Station C) were sampled. Samples were collected in sterile glass bottles for bacteriological analyses and polyethylene bottles for physico-chemical analyses. The bacteriological parameters measured showed that the density of the bacterial species sought was very high at Station B with a predominance of the species Escherichia coli (57.36%). At Station A, total coliforms were very abundant (50.12%) and at Station C, the genus Pseudomonas was predominant (14.69%). Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus were represented by three species, namely: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Pseudomonas genus was also represented by 3 species, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas putida. The physico-chemical parameters showed that apart from temperature and conductivity, which were in compliance with the standards, the other had values higher than these standards. This study shows that untreated hospital effluent contains most of the bacteria involved in community, nosocomial infections and would be a potential source of risk to the surrounding population.

关键词： Characterisation University Hospital Centre Effluents Bacteriology of Effluents Physico-Chemistry of Wastewater

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Albizia zygia Extracts on Bacterial Inhibition in Aquatic Microcosm

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 227-241页

作者： Yves Yogne Poutoum Luciane Marlyse Moungang blandine pulcherie tamatcho kweyang Thierry Youmbi Fonkui Golda Reine Zame Meva’a Aurélie Dzenga Njeunkam Mouhama Sani Adams Ibn Rabiou Moïse Nola Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Sciences Doornfontein Campus University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

The objective of this study is the phytochemical analysis and the determination of the antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves and bark of the trunk of Albizia zygia, against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria in aquatic microcosms. Phytochemical screening was performed as described by Pareck. The results obtained show that the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Albizia zygia trunk bark recorded higher extraction yields (26.71% and 33.2% respectively) compared to the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of leaves of the same plant. Secondary metabolites with antibacterial activities such as anthraquinones, anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins and saponins were found in both types of extracts. Flavonoids and anthocyanins were relatively more abundant than the other chemical constituents. The highest cellular inhibition rate of Escherichia coli was 99.88%, obtained after 9 hours of exposure in the hydro-ethanolic extract solution of trunk bark at the concentration 1.5 g/L. The Salmonella typhi rate was 99.95% after 9 hours of exposure of bacterial cells to the hydro-ethanol extract of the bark of the trunk at the concentration 1.5 g/L. This rate increased proportionally with the bacterial-extract contact time. The temperature of the medium did not significantly influence bacterial inhibition (P > 0.05). The obtained results justify the use of the plant Albizia zygia in the reduction of the flow of bacterio-pollutants contained in water intended for consumption.

关键词： Albizia zygia Extract Phytochemical Screening Bacterial Inhibition Aquatic Microcosms

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