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Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:what is the state of the art?

Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 110-129页

作者： Ruben HELENO Stephen blake Patricia JARAMILLO Anna TRAVESET Pablo VARGAS Manuel NOGALES Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies(CSIC-UIB) Terrestrial Ecology GroupMallorcaBalearic Islands Royal Botanical Garden Madrid(CSIC-RJB) Madrid Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group(CSIC-IPNA) TenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Vogelwarte RadolfzellRadolfzellGermany Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto AyoraSanta CruzGalapagosQuitoEcuador

The Galápagos are considered a model oceanic archipelago,with unique flora and fauna currently threatened by alien invasive *** dispersal is an important ecosystem function with consequences for plant population dynamics and vegetation ***,understanding the seed dispersal abilities of the assemblages of frugivores will inform scientists and managers of the dynamics of plant invasions and improve management *** we provide the first comprehensive review of published information on frugivory and animal seed dispersal in the Galá*** collected data from a variety of sources,including notes of the first naturalist expeditions,gray literature available only in Galápagos collections,and peer-reviewed journal ***–animal frugivorous interactions were retrieved from 43 studies and compiled into an interaction matrix describing 366 unique *** studies focused on fruit consumption as a driving force for natural selection,but seed fate was seldom *** most(71%)of the interactions involved native plants,more than one-quarter(28%)involved introduced *** involving birds are considerably more common than those of reptiles and mammals,probably reflecting a research bias towards *** the historical importance of the archipelago as the laboratory for evolutionary and ecological research,understanding of its seed dispersal systems is *** end the review by suggesting 3 priority areas of research on frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:(i)target research to close knowledge gaps;(ii)the use of a network approach to frame seed dispersal at the community level;and(iii)evaluation of the effect of seed dispersal as a selective pressure acting upon plants and ***,the output of this research has to be properly delivered to the Galápagos National Park Services to help increase management effectiveness.

关键词： conservation planning oceanic islands plant invasions plant-animal interaction seed predation

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Assessment of Asbestos Exposure Associated with a Brake Grinder

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 137-142页

作者： Charles L. blake Kevin M. Guth Raymond D. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta GA USA College of Public Health University of South Florida Center for Environmental and Occupational Risk Analysis and Management Tampa Florida USA

The wear patterns for drum-style automotive brakes tend to enlarge internal drum diameters. Such enlargement is most profound when used brake drums are machined to restore the metal friction surfaces. Specialized arc grinding machinery has been used to match replacement shoe-style brake friction materials to enlarged drums. The process of arc grinding removes friction material, thereby producing dust. When organic-style friction materials contained asbestos, use of arc grinding machinery posed an asbestos fiber exposure risk to operators and proximate personnel. The manufacturers of arc grinding machinery have incorporated local exhaust ventilation systems designed to capture and remove this dust at the point of grinding contact and propel this dust into collection bags or other systems. This research was designed to evaluate the dust capture and retention characteristics of a specific arc grinder product, when used to custom grind asbestos-containing brake friction materials. A Bear Model 1420 automotive brake shoe arc grinder was the subject of this study. During two separate but consecutive test sessions, newly relined sets of shoe-style automobile brake friction materials were precision ground. Both area and personal air samples were collected throughout each testing session. This work took place within a closed and unventilated metal building, with total interior volume of 2500 m3. Collected air samples were analyzed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of analysis using PCM for personal samples (n = 6) ranged from <0.044 to 0.055 fibers per cc (f/cc) (mean 0.05). Follow-up analysis of these personal samples using TEM indicated asbestos-adjusted PCM exposures ranging from <0.0074 to 0.055 f/cc (mean ≤ 0.041). Area air samples, taken at distances ranging from 1.5 to 9 meters from the arc grinder (n = 12), showed asbestos-adjusted PCM concentrations ranging from <0.0075 to 0.041 f/cc (mean ≤ 0.01

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Brakes Arc Grinder Friction Materials

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Finite-time circulation changes from topological rearrangement of distinguished curves and non-advective fluxes

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 37-52页

作者： blake Rutherford Timothy J.Dunkerton Northwest Research Associates

A vorticity budget diagnoses the growth or decay of a vortex from advective transport,or non-advective fluxes such as those due to friction or vortex ***,when a budget calculation is performed with respect to a fixed coordinate,errors may result from time-dependence of the flow,leading to disagreement between the vorticity tendency and the observed vorticity *** adaptive Lagrangian coordinate resolves this problem,provided that the resulting Lagrangian structure does not become too *** this study,a numerical simulation of Hurricane Nate(2011),the vorticity tendency is evaluated along distinguished material *** can be no net advective flux along a closed material curve,therefore,the total circulation tendency for a material region includes only the non-advective uxes acting along its boundary.A distinguished set of material curves(DMCs)associated with a distinguished hyperbolic trajectory(DHT)form a Lagrangian topology similar to that of a cat’s eye flow or"pouch"at each Eulerian *** time-dependence of velocities allows additional regions called lobes,which are formed by the intersections of DMCs,to exchange fluid across the vortex boundary by redefining the *** the vortex boundary changes,we refer to this redefinition of material boundary as"topological rearrangement".The method is useful for unsteady cat’s-eye flows and more complex interactions of multiple waves,vortices and background *** advective changes of the vortex circulation are identified by exchanges of the lobes,and all non-advective uxes act between the vortex and either the lobes or environmental *** Lagrangian topology and combination of advective and non-advective uxes relative to the topology is used to describe the evolution of the circulation of Nate during its time of formation.

关键词： red DMC Finite-time circulation changes from topological rearrangement of distinguished curves and non-advective fluxes

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Data-driven synthesis of multiple recommendation patterns to create situational Web mashups

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 137-152页

作者： MA Yun LU Xuan LIU XuanZhe WANG XuDong blake M.Brian Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University) Ministry of Education University of Miami

As a typical situational application,Web mashup reflects and accommodates some key features of Internetware *** provides a development fashion that integrates data,computation and UI elements from multiple resources into a single Web application,and promises the quick rollout of creating potential new functionalities *** paper focuses on the problem of recommending useful suggestions for developing data-driven mashups by synthesis of multiple *** present a rapid and intuitive system called iMashupAdvisor,for aiding mashup development based on a novel automated suggestion *** key observation guiding the development of iMashupAdvisor is that mashups developed by different users might share some common patterns,for instance,selecting similar mashup components for similar goals,and gluing them in a similar *** patterns could reside in multiple sources,e.g.,the data dependency between mashup components,the interaction between users and mashup components,or the collective intelligence from existing applications created and maintained by programmers,*** leverages the synthesis of these patterns to recommend useful suggestions for a partial mashup,such as the missing components,connections between them,or potentially relevant options,to assist mashup *** paper presents the data model and ranking metrics of the synthesis process,and introduces efficient algorithms for the retrieval of *** also experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of our approach for benefiting the proposed rapid mashup development.

关键词： mashup Internetware recommendation data-driven model situational

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Structure and activity of thermophilic methanogenic microbial communities exposed to quaternary ammonium sanitizer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 164-168页

作者： Jesus D.Fernandez-Bayo Juliano Toniato blake A.Simmons Christopher W.Simmons Department of Food Science and Technology University of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Uniuersity of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA Joint BioEnergy Institute EmeryvilleCA 94608USA Biological and Engineering Sciences Center Sandia National LaboratoriesLiuermoreCA 94551USA Energy Efficiency Center University of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA

Food processing facilities often use antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound （QAC） sanitizers to maintain cleanliness. These QACs can end up in wastewaters used as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of QAC contamination on biogas production and structure of microbial communities in thermo- philic digester sludge. Methane production and biogas quality data were analyzed in batch anaerobic digesters containing QAC at 0, 15, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L. Increasing sanitizer concentration in the bioreactors negatively impacted methane production rate and biogas quality. Microbial community composition data was obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the QAG-contaminated sludges. Sequencing data showed no significant restructuring of the bacterial communities. However, significant restructuring was observed within the archaeal communities as QAC concentration increased. Further studies to confirm these effects on a larger scale and with a longer retention time are necessary.

关键词： Anaerobic digestionAntimicrobialsBiofuelsMicrobial ecologyWaste management

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Aerosol jet printing of piezoelectric surface acousticwave thermometer

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微系统与纳米工程(英文) 2023年第3期9卷 31-42页

作者： Nicholas McKibben blake Ryel Jacob Manzi Florent Muramutsa Joshua Daw Harish Subbaraman David Estrada Zhangxian Deng Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State University1910 W University DriveBoiseID 83725USA Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University2500 NW Monroe AvenueCorvallisOR 97331USA Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID 83415USA Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho FallsID 83401USA

Surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices are a subclass of micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)that generate an acoustic emission when electrically *** transducers also work as detectors,converting surface strain into readable electrical *** properties of the generated SAW are material dependent and influenced by external factors like *** monitoring temperature-dependent scattering parameters a SAW device can function as a thermometer to elucidate substrate *** fabrication of SAW sensors requires labor-and cost-intensive subtractive processes that produce large volumes of hazardous *** study utilizes an innovative aerosol jet printer to directly write consistent,high-resolution,silver comb electrodes onto a Y-cut LiNbO3 *** printed,two-port,20 MHz SAW sensor exhibited excellent linearity and repeatability while being verified as a thermometer from 25 to 200℃.Sensitivities of the printed SAW thermometer are−96.9×10^(−6)℃^(−1)and−92.0×10^(-6)℃^(−1) when operating in pulse-echo mode and pulse-receiver mode,*** results highlight a repeatable path to the additive fabrication of compact high-frequency SAW thermometers.

关键词： scattering wave surface

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Evidence of desire

Evidence of desire

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作者： Lexi blake.

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Geomorphic predictors of riparian vegetation in small mountain watersheds

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 593-604页

作者： blake M.Engelhardt Jeanne C.Chambers Peter J.Weisberg Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of NevadaMS 1861664 Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA

Aims Hydrogeomorphic processes operating at watershed,process zone and site scales influence the distribution of riparian ***,most studies examining the relationships between hydrogeomorphic processes and riparian vegetation are conducted at site *** quantified the relative importance of watershed,process zone and site geomorphic characteristics for predicting riparian plant community types and plant species abundances in four small mountain watersheds in central Nevada,*** We mapped riparian vegetation types and identified process zones(based on dominant geomorphic process and valley fill material)within the *** sampled sites in each combination of veg-etation type and process zone(n=184 sites)and collected data on watershed scale factors,valley and stream geomorphic characteristics and on plant cover of each geomorphic *** community types were defined by cluster and indicator species analyses of plant cover data,and related to geomorphic variables using ordination analysis(nonmetric multidimensional scaling).linear mixed effects models were used to predict abundances of indicator *** Findings Variables describing position in the watershed(elevation,contrib-uting area)that are related to gradients of temperature,moisture and stream discharge were of primary importance in predicting plant community *** describing local geomorphic setting(valley width,stream gradient,channel sediments,geomor-phic surface height)were of secondary importance,but accurately described the geomorphic setting of indicator *** process zone classification did not include position in the watershed or channel characteristics and only predicted plant community types with unique geomorphic *** small mountain watersheds,predicting riparian vegetation distribution requires explicit consid-eration of scale and geomorphic context within and among water-sheds in addition to site variables.

关键词： great basin multiscale plant community analysis process zone riparian

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An Integrated Workflow for DNA Methylation Analysis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第5期40卷 249-260页

作者： Pingchuan Li Feray Demirci Gayathri Mahalingam Caghan Demirci Mayumi Nakano blake C.Meyers Department of Plant & Soil Sciences Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19711USA

The analysis of cytosine methylation provides a new way to assess and describe epigenetic regulation at a whole-genome level in many *** methylation has a demonstrated role in the genome stability and protection,regulation of gene expression and many other aspects of genome function and ***-seq is a relatively unbiased method for profiling the DNA methylation,with a resolution capable of measuring methylation at individual *** we describe,as an example,a workflow to handle DNA methylation analysis,from BS-seq library preparation to the data *** describe some applications for the analysis and interpretation of these *** laboratory provides public access to plant DNA methylation data via visualization tools available at our ＂Next-Gen Sequence＂ websites（http：//***）,along with small RNA,RNA-seq and other data types.

关键词： DNA methylation BS-seq Epigenetics

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A Survey of Applications Research on Content-Centric Networking

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China Communications 2019年第9期16卷 122-140页

作者： Xiuquan Qiao Hongyi Wang Wei Tan Athanasios V.Vasilakos Junliang Chen MBrian blake State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Information Engineering College Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China IBM T.J.Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY 10598USA The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 157 80Greece College of Computing and Informatics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 1904USA

As a named data-based clean-slate future Internet architecture,Content-Centric Networking(CCN)uses entirely different protocols and communication patterns from the host-to-host IP *** CCN,communication is wholly driven by the data *** must send Interest packets with the content name and not by the host’s network *** nature of in-network caching,Interest packets aggregation and hop-byhop communication poses unique challenges to provision of Internet applications,where traditional IP network no long works *** paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art application research activities related to CCN *** main aims in this survey are(a)to identify the advantages and drawbacks of CCN architectures for application provisioning;(b)to discuss the challenges and opportunities regarding service provisioning in CCN architectures;and(c)to further encourage deeper thinking about design principles for future Internet architectures from the perspective of upper-layer applications.

关键词： Content-centric networking(CCN) named-data networking (NDN) applications information-centric networking future Internet

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