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Ritalin Use Modifies Alcohol Effects in Rats

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第10期4卷 453-464页

作者： blake R. Sonne Nachum Dafny Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy The University of Texas—Medical School at Houston Houston TX USA

Methylphenidate (MpD), known as Ritalin, is a common drug prescribed for those diagnosed with attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).There are reports that many MpD users consume alcohol, resulting in toxic effects and hospitalization. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol in rats concomitant with acute and repetitive MpD exposure. Rats were divided into four groups, control (saline), 0.6 mg/kg MpD, 2.5 mg/kg MpD, and 10.0 mg/kg MpD groups and lasted for 12 consecutive days. Ethanol was given after repeated MpD administration as follows. On experimental day 1 (ED 1), all animals were treated with saline to establish baseline, on ED 2 through ED 7 either saline or MpD (0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg/kg) was given. On ED 11, after three days without treatment (ED 8 - 10), rats were treated as they were on ED 2 - 7. At ED 12, 1 g/kg ethanol was administered, and one hour of locomotor activity was recorded after alcohol administration, using the open field assay. The data show a dose response characteristic of increased locomotor activity with increasing doses of MpD. Ethanol administration alone depresses locomotor activity. The depressive effect of alcohol was significantly attenuated in animals treated with MpD, in a dose dependent manner. The higher dose of MpD previously administered resulted in a larger attenuation of the ethanol’s suppressive effect. These trends demonstrate that chronic MpD exposure directly influences the effects of alcohol in rats. Under these circumstances, it is reasonable to assume that a subject will need to consume an increased amount of ethanol in order to attain the ethanol effect desired. This discrepancy between effects and exposure may be a liability for ethanol toxicity.

关键词： Methylphenidate Ethanol Behavior Sensitization Tolerance Drug Interaction

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Interfacing photonic crystal fiber with a metallic nanoantenna for enhanced light nanofocusing

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photonics Research 2021年第2期9卷 252-258页

作者： KHANT MINN blake BIRMINGHAM BRIAN KO HO WAI HOWARD LEE ZHENRONG ZHANG Department of physics Baylor UniversityWacoTexas 76798USA The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Department of physics&Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

The direct interfacing of photonic crystal fiber to a metallic nanoantenna has widespread application in nanoscale imaging, optical lithography, nanoscale lasers, quantum communication, in vivo sensing, and medical *** report on the fabrication of a needle-shaped plasmonic nanoantenna on the end facet of a photonic crystal fiber using electron-beam-induced evaporation of platinum. We demonstrate the coupling of light from the fiber waveguide mode to the subwavelength nanoantenna plasmonic mode focusing down to the apex of the plasmonic needle using a polarization-resolved far-field side-scatter imaging technique. Our work provides an important step toward widespread application of optical fibers in nearfield spectroscopic techniques such as tip-enhanced Raman and fluorescence microscopy, single-photon excitation and quantum sensors, nanoscale optical lithography, and lab-on-fiber devices.

关键词： antenna fiber lithography

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Virtual Water on the Southern High plains of Texas: The Case of a Nonrenewable Blue Water Resource

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 27-36页

作者： Ryan blake Williams Rashid Al-Hmoud Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Texas Tech University Lubbock USA Department of Economics Texas Tech University Lubbock USA

This paper utilizes the virtual water concept to evaluate water usage of agricultural production in West Texas. This work evaluates the measure of virtual water, as it relates to informing water policy in a semi-arid, agriculture-intensive region, which relies upon a minimally renewable groundwater resource. The results suggest that production in the region reflects a collective effort to capture the highest value from the water resource, consistent with the virtual water philosophy, even in the absence of specific water policy toward that goal. Additionally, this work takes advantage of high resolution data to reinforce the need to calibrate virtual water calculations to account for regional differences.

关键词： Component Virtual Water Water Footprint Water policy

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纸钱的符号学研究

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广西民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版） 2005年第5期27卷 43-49页

作者： C.Fred blake 冉凡美国夏威夷大学人类学系南开大学

纸钱是整个祭礼按顺序进行的三段五步[蜡烛、(香、食物、纸钱)、鞭炮]之一,纸钱的符号功能在于全方位地建构了中国祭礼中的一种民俗事象。纸钱的符号学分析应用两种解释方案:一种是本土的模式——中国的阴阳五行论,另一种是人类学有关... 详细信息

纸钱是整个祭礼按顺序进行的三段五步[蜡烛、(香、食物、纸钱)、鞭炮]之一,纸钱的符号功能在于全方位地建构了中国祭礼中的一种民俗事象。纸钱的符号学分析应用两种解释方案:一种是本土的模式——中国的阴阳五行论,另一种是人类学有关仪式过程的观念。

关键词：纸钱祭礼符号学

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parasite Genetics, the Immune Host and DNA Fingerprinting in the Identification of Loci Encoding protective Antigens of Eimeria Maxima

Parasite Genetics, the Immune Host and DNA Fingerprinting in...

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12th International Congress of protozoology

作者： Damer p. blake Adrian L. Smith Martin W. Shirley Institute for Animal Health Compton BerkshireRG20 7NNUK Institute for Animal Health Compton BerkshireRG20 7NNUK Institute for Animal Health Compton BerkshireRG20 7NNUK

＜正＞Many protozoan genomes are the subject of extensive sequencing projects but the identification of genes that encode antigens capable of stimulating a protective immune response remains a demanding task. The rational identification of genuinely immunoprotective gene products encoded by unsequenced genomes is even more daunting. The majority of screens for vaccine candidates protective against protozoan infection have been largely empirical, based upon the induction of an immune response rather than protection. However, consideration of the genetics of immune escape by different strains of Eimeria maxima has raised the possibility of the targeted identification of a gene （or genes） under immune

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pilot study of a novel serum mRNA gene panel for diagnosis of acute septic arthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第12期10卷 424-433页

作者： blake J Schultz Timothy Sweeney Malcolm R DeBaun Melissa Remmel Uros Midic purvesh Khatri Michael J Gardner Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States Inflammatix Inc863 Mitten RoadSuite 104BurlingameCA 94010United States Institute for Immunity Transplantation and InfectionsCenter for Biomedical ResearchDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordRedwood CityCA 94305United States

BACKGROUND Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency requiring immediate surgical *** diagnostic standard of care is an invasive joint *** provide information about the inflammatory cells in the sample within a few hours,but there is often ambiguity about whether the source is infectious(***)or non-infectious(***).Cultures can take days to result,so decisions about surgery are often made with incomplete *** diagnostics are thus ***“Sepsis MetaScore”(SMS)is an 11-mRNA host immune blood signature that can distinguish between infectious and noninfectious acute *** has been validated in multiple cohorts across heterogeneous clinical *** To study whether the SMS holds diagnostic validity in determining the etiology of acute *** We conducted a blinded,prospective,non-interventional clinical study of the *** patients undergoing work-up for a septic primary joint were *** proceeded through the normal standard-of-care pathway,including joint aspiration and inflammatory labs[white blood cell(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRp)].Venous blood was also drawn into pAX gene RNA-stabilizing tubes and mRNAs were measured using Nano String nCounter?.SMS was calculated blinded to clinical *** A total of 20 samples were included,of which 11 were infected based on aspiration or intra-operative *** SMS had an area under the ROC curve(AUROC)of 0.87 for separating infectious from non-infectious *** comparison,the AUROCs for ESR=0.58,CRp=0.6,and WBC=*** 100%sensitivity for infection,the specificity of the SMS was 40%,meaning nearly half of non-septic patients could have been ruled out for further *** In this pilot study,SMS showed a high level of diagnostic accuracy in predicting septic joints compared to other diagnostic *** quick blood test could be an important tool for earl

关键词： Biomarkers Bioinformatics Infection Septic arthritis Medical technology Diagnostics

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“Doubling” of local photon emissions when two simultaneous, spatially-separated, chemiluminescent reactions share the same magnetic field configurations

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2012年第1期3卷 72-80页

作者： blake T. Dotta Michael A. persinger Biomolecular Sciences program Laurentian University Sudbury Canada

The aim of the present experiments was to discern if the “entanglement”-like photon emissions from pairs of cell cultures or human brains separated by significant distances but sharing the same circling magnetic field could be demonstrated with a classic chemiluminescent reaction produced by hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Simultaneous injection of the same amount of peroxide into a local dish (above a photomultiplier tube) and a dish 10 m away in a closed chamber produced a “doubling” of the durations of the photon spikes only when the two reactions were placed in the center of separate spaces around each of which magnetic fields were generated as accelerating group velocities containing decreasing phase modulations followed by decelerating group velocities embedded with increasing phase modulations. The duration of this “entanglement” was about 8 min. These results suggest that separate distances behave as if they were “the same space” if they are exposed to the same precise temporal configuration of magnetic fields with specific angular velocities.

关键词： photon Emission Entanglement Angularly Accelerating Magnetic Fields Hydrogen per-oxide/Hypochlorite Reaction

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Influence of Various Antioxidants on the Characteristics of plain Yogurt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1277-1280页

作者： blake Brignac Kayanush J. Aryana Department of Food Science Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA School of Animal Sciences

Free radical damage has been implicated in ageing and in certain degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Ageing is also associated with a progressive decline in the function of the immune system and an increased susceptibility to infection. Antioxidants protect the body from free radical damage. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant vitamin in body tissues and is considered the first line of defense against cell membrane damage. Other antioxidant defenses that protect the body from free radical damage include vitamin C and beta carotene. Yogurt is considered a healthy food product and its sales have been steadily increasing over the past 5 years. The objective was to study the influence of various antioxidants on the quality characteristics of yogurt. The antioxidants Vitamin C, vitamin E and beta carotene individually and in combination were incorporated at 100% of their respective recommended dietary allowance of 60 mg, 12 mg and 3 mg in 240 mL of yogurt. Yogurt manufacture and all experiments were conducted in triplicate. Use of antioxidants in yogurt manufacture significantly influenced yogurt viscosity, flavor, appearance, body texture but did not influence syneresis, lactic acid bacterial counts and *** upon the application antioxidants can be recommended in yogurt manufacture.

关键词： Antioxidant Fermented Quality

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THE CASE FOR UNDERFLOOR AIR CONDITIONING:THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND COST BENEFITS EXAMINED

THE CASE FOR UNDERFLOOR AIR CONDITIONING:THE ENVIRONMENTAL A...

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International Symposium of Air Conditioning in High Rise Buildings’2000

作者： G.blake THOMAS Advanced Ergonomic Technologies Ltd 78a High StreetBletchingleySurreyRH1 4PAUK

＜正＞ In the last two years a dramatic increase in the use of underfloor air conditioning has occurred in Europe and the Far East. This is partly due to greater awareness of the suitability of the system in commercial office use, but also because of changes in business *** paper will use examples of projects, which currently use the underfloor system to highlight the customer and developer benefits that are available. It is primarily concerned with the concepts and major design issues that surround the system. These include the impact on construction cost, in addition to program and life costing （analysis）. It will draw on research undertaken on the normal performance of concrete slabs, and how these can be used as thermal stores along with computer simulated temperature pick up in floor *** supply and return systems （Constant volume supply/variable volume introduction） and floor supply and room or ceiling return systems （Variable volume supply/variable volume introduction） are discussed and compared with conventional ceiling based systems. Issues such as air quality, energy consumption, environmental impacts and demand on world resources, staff comfort and other topical matters related to current construction techniques will be raised throughout.

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A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing

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Journal of plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 357-365页

作者： A.K.Knapp D.L.Hoover J.M.Blair G.Buis D.E.Burkepile A.Chamberlain S.L.Collins R.W.S.Fynn K.p.Kirkman M.D.Smith D.blake N.Govender p.O'Neal T.Schreck A.Zinn Graduate Degree program in Ecology and Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80526USA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International UniversityNorth MiamiFL 33181USA Department of Biology MSC03-2020University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana School of Biological and Conservation Science University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Scientific Services Kruger National ParkPrivate Bag X402Skukuza1350South Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Aims Mesic grasslands have a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores and as a consequence,grassland species have numerous adaptations allowing them to respond favourably to *** empirical evidence has been equivocal,theory predicts that such adaptations combined with alterations in resources can lead to grazing-induced overcompensation in aboveground net primary production(ANpp;grazed ANpp>ungrazed ANpp)under certain *** tested two specific predictions from ***,overcompensation is more likely to occur in annually burned grasslands because limiting nutrients that would be lost with frequent fires are recycled through grazers and stimulate ***,overcompensation of biomass lost to grazers is more likely to occur in unburned sites where grazing has the greatest effect on increasing light availability through alterations in canopy *** We tested these nutrient versus light-based predictions in grazed grasslands that had been annually burned or protected from fire for>20 *** assessed responses in ANpp to grazing by large ungulates using both permanent and moveable grazing exclosures(252 exclosures from which biomass was harvested from 3192 quadrats)in a 2-year *** sites were located at the Konza prairie Biological Station(KpBS)in North America and at Kruger National park(KNp)in South *** KpBS,sites were grazed by North American bison whereas in KNp sites were grazed either by a diverse suite of herbivores(*** wildebeest,Burchell’s zebra,African buffalo)or by a single large ungulate(African buffalo).Important Findings We found no evidence for overcompensation in either burned or unburned sites,regardless of grazer ***,there was no support for either mechanism leading to ***,complete compensation of total biomass lost to grazers was the most common response characterizing grazing–ANpp relationships with,in some cases,undercompensation of grass ANpp being of

关键词： aboveground net primary production fire forbs herbivores savanna

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