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CCS Chemistry 2023年第12期5卷 2845-2854页

作者： peng Meng blake j.p.connolly Ayusha Anand Yuting Wang paul V.Bernhardt jingsan Xu School of Chemistry and physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Queensland

Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of *** this work,we report a coordination reaction of Cu^(2+)ions,cyanuric acid(CA),and pyridine in aqueous solution which shows negative-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of *** the pyridine concentration increases,the complexation of CA with pyridine overwhelms its dissociation in water,resulting in the redistribution of CA;that is,CA is sealed in the pyridine phase by forming an unreactive hydrogenbonded *** a result,the number of accessible anionic CA for crystallization in water decreases,and thus the crystallization slows down and almost ***,the crystallization yields two types of crystals with similar structures but disparate colors(red and blue),and the origin is investigated by the ligand field analysis.

关键词： negative-order kinetics dilution-induced reaction pyridine leading to complexation copper cyanurates competitive interplay of multiple interactions

Finite-time circulation changes from topological rearrangement of distinguished curves and non-advective fluxes

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 37-52页

作者： blake Rutherford Timothy j.Dunkerton Northwest Research Associates

A vorticity budget diagnoses the growth or decay of a vortex from advective transport,or non-advective fluxes such as those due to friction or vortex ***,when a budget calculation is performed with respect to a fixed coordinate,errors may result from time-dependence of the flow,leading to disagreement between the vorticity tendency and the observed vorticity *** adaptive Lagrangian coordinate resolves this problem,provided that the resulting Lagrangian structure does not become too *** this study,a numerical simulation of Hurricane Nate(2011),the vorticity tendency is evaluated along distinguished material *** can be no net advective flux along a closed material curve,therefore,the total circulation tendency for a material region includes only the non-advective uxes acting along its boundary.A distinguished set of material curves(DMCs)associated with a distinguished hyperbolic trajectory(DHT)form a Lagrangian topology similar to that of a cat’s eye flow or"pouch"at each Eulerian *** time-dependence of velocities allows additional regions called lobes,which are formed by the intersections of DMCs,to exchange fluid across the vortex boundary by redefining the *** the vortex boundary changes,we refer to this redefinition of material boundary as"topological rearrangement".The method is useful for unsteady cat’s-eye flows and more complex interactions of multiple waves,vortices and background *** advective changes of the vortex circulation are identified by exchanges of the lobes,and all non-advective uxes act between the vortex and either the lobes or environmental *** Lagrangian topology and combination of advective and non-advective uxes relative to the topology is used to describe the evolution of the circulation of Nate during its time of formation.

关键词： red DMC Finite-time circulation changes from topological rearrangement of distinguished curves and non-advective fluxes

Testing whether adrenal steroids mediate phenotypic and physiologic effects of elevated salinity on larval tiger salamanders

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 27-44页

作者： Brian j.TORNABENE Erica j.CRESpI Creagh W.BREUNER blake R.HOSSACK Wildlife Biology program W.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA School of Biological Sciences Center for Reproductive SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterMissoulaMontanaUSA

Salinity(sodium chloride,NaCl)from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater *** can be susceptible to salinity,but some species are innately or adaptively *** mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear,but changes in osmoregulatory hor-mones such as corticosterone(CORT)and aldosterone(ALDO)are prime *** exposed larval barred tiger salamanders(Ambystoma mavortium)to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments(pled,we also quantiﬁed waterborne ALDO from a *** a glucocorticoid antagonist(RU486),we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of *** were no strong differ-ences in survival among salinity treatments,but salinity reduced dry mass,snout–vent length,and body condition while increasing water content of *** survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental *** signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of *** and stress-induced(after an acute stressor,shaking)CORT were not inﬂu-enced by *** was correlated with baseline CORT,suggesting it could be difﬁcult to decouple the roles of CORT and *** studies comparing ALDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneﬁcial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to ***-ertheless,our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.

关键词： caudate conservation physiology glucocorticoids sodium chloride tolerance

Geomorphic predictors of riparian vegetation in small mountain watersheds

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journal of plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 593-604页

作者： blake M.Engelhardt jeanne C.Chambers peter j.Weisberg Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of NevadaMS 1861664 Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA

Aims Hydrogeomorphic processes operating at watershed,process zone and site scales influence the distribution of riparian ***,most studies examining the relationships between hydrogeomorphic processes and riparian vegetation are conducted at site *** quantified the relative importance of watershed,process zone and site geomorphic characteristics for predicting riparian plant community types and plant species abundances in four small mountain watersheds in central Nevada,*** We mapped riparian vegetation types and identified process zones(based on dominant geomorphic process and valley fill material)within the *** sampled sites in each combination of veg-etation type and process zone(n=184 sites)and collected data on watershed scale factors,valley and stream geomorphic characteristics and on plant cover of each geomorphic *** community types were defined by cluster and indicator species analyses of plant cover data,and related to geomorphic variables using ordination analysis(nonmetric multidimensional scaling).linear mixed effects models were used to predict abundances of indicator *** Findings Variables describing position in the watershed(elevation,contrib-uting area)that are related to gradients of temperature,moisture and stream discharge were of primary importance in predicting plant community *** describing local geomorphic setting(valley width,stream gradient,channel sediments,geomor-phic surface height)were of secondary importance,but accurately described the geomorphic setting of indicator *** process zone classification did not include position in the watershed or channel characteristics and only predicted plant community types with unique geomorphic *** small mountain watersheds,predicting riparian vegetation distribution requires explicit consid-eration of scale and geomorphic context within and among water-sheds in addition to site variables.

关键词： great basin multiscale plant community analysis process zone riparian

Nanostructure and thermal power of highly-textured and single-crystal-like Bi_(2)Te_(3) thin films

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2382-2390页

作者： Heng Zhang jamo Momand joshua Levinsky Qikai Guo Xiaotian Zhu Gert H ten Brink Graeme R.blake George palasantzas Bart j.Kooi Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based alloys are known to have outstanding thermoelectric *** structure–property relations have been studied,still,detailed analysis of the atomic and nano-scale structure of Bi_(2)Te_(3)thin film in relation to their thermoelectric properties remains poorly ***,highly-textured(HT)and single-crystal-like(SCL)Bi_(2)Te_(3)films have been grown using pulsed laser deposition(pLD)on Si wafer covered with(native or thermal)SiOx and mica *** films are highly textured with c-axis out-of-plane,but the in-plane orientation is random for the films grown on oxide and single-crystal-like for the ones grown on *** power factor of the film on thermal oxide is about four times higher(56.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2))than that of the film on mica(12.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2)),which is comparable to the one of the polycrystalline ingot at room temperature(RT).Reduced electron scattering in the textured thin films results in high electrical conductivity,where the SCL film shows the highest ***,its Seebeck coefficient shows a low *** measured properties are correlated with the atomic structure details unveiled by scanning transmission electron *** instance,the high concentration of stacking defects observed in the HT film is considered responsible for the increase of Seebeck coefficient compared to the SCL *** study demonstrates the influence of nanoscale structural effects on thermoelectric properties,which sheds light on tailoring thermoelectric thin films towards high performance.

关键词： Bi_(2)Te_(3)films highly-textured structure single-crystal-like structure thermoelectric properties pulsed laser deposition

pilot study of a novel serum mRNA gene panel for diagnosis of acute septic arthritis

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World journal of Orthopedics 2019年第12期10卷 424-433页

作者： blake j Schultz Timothy Sweeney Malcolm R DeBaun Melissa Remmel Uros Midic purvesh Khatri Michael j Gardner Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States Inflammatix Inc863 Mitten RoadSuite 104BurlingameCA 94010United States Institute for Immunity Transplantation and InfectionsCenter for Biomedical ResearchDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordRedwood CityCA 94305United States

BACKGROUND Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency requiring immediate surgical *** diagnostic standard of care is an invasive joint *** provide information about the inflammatory cells in the sample within a few hours,but there is often ambiguity about whether the source is infectious(***)or non-infectious(***).Cultures can take days to result,so decisions about surgery are often made with incomplete *** diagnostics are thus ***“Sepsis MetaScore”(SMS)is an 11-mRNA host immune blood signature that can distinguish between infectious and noninfectious acute *** has been validated in multiple cohorts across heterogeneous clinical *** To study whether the SMS holds diagnostic validity in determining the etiology of acute *** We conducted a blinded,prospective,non-interventional clinical study of the *** patients undergoing work-up for a septic primary joint were *** proceeded through the normal standard-of-care pathway,including joint aspiration and inflammatory labs[white blood cell(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRp)].Venous blood was also drawn into pAX gene RNA-stabilizing tubes and mRNAs were measured using Nano String nCounter?.SMS was calculated blinded to clinical *** A total of 20 samples were included,of which 11 were infected based on aspiration or intra-operative *** SMS had an area under the ROC curve(AUROC)of 0.87 for separating infectious from non-infectious *** comparison,the AUROCs for ESR=0.58,CRp=0.6,and WBC=*** 100%sensitivity for infection,the specificity of the SMS was 40%,meaning nearly half of non-septic patients could have been ruled out for further *** In this pilot study,SMS showed a high level of diagnostic accuracy in predicting septic joints compared to other diagnostic *** quick blood test could be an important tool for earl

关键词： Biomarkers Bioinformatics Infection Septic arthritis Medical technology Diagnostics

A Survey of Applications Research on Content-Centric Networking

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China Communications 2019年第9期16卷 122-140页

作者： Xiuquan Qiao Hongyi Wang Wei Tan Athanasios V.Vasilakos junliang Chen MBrian blake State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Information Engineering College Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China IBM T.j.Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY 10598USA The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 157 80Greece College of Computing and Informatics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 1904USA

As a named data-based clean-slate future Internet architecture,Content-Centric Networking(CCN)uses entirely different protocols and communication patterns from the host-to-host Ip *** CCN,communication is wholly driven by the data *** must send Interest packets with the content name and not by the host’s network *** nature of in-network caching,Interest packets aggregation and hop-byhop communication poses unique challenges to provision of Internet applications,where traditional Ip network no long works *** paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art application research activities related to CCN *** main aims in this survey are(a)to identify the advantages and drawbacks of CCN architectures for application provisioning;(b)to discuss the challenges and opportunities regarding service provisioning in CCN architectures;and(c)to further encourage deeper thinking about design principles for future Internet architectures from the perspective of upper-layer applications.

关键词： Content-centric networking(CCN) named-data networking (NDN) applications information-centric networking future Internet

Influence of Various Antioxidants on the Characteristics of plain Yogurt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1277-1280页

作者： blake Brignac Kayanush j. Aryana Department of Food Science Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA School of Animal Sciences

Free radical damage has been implicated in ageing and in certain degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Ageing is also associated with a progressive decline in the function of the immune system and an increased susceptibility to infection. Antioxidants protect the body from free radical damage. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant vitamin in body tissues and is considered the first line of defense against cell membrane damage. Other antioxidant defenses that protect the body from free radical damage include vitamin C and beta carotene. Yogurt is considered a healthy food product and its sales have been steadily increasing over the past 5 years. The objective was to study the influence of various antioxidants on the quality characteristics of yogurt. The antioxidants Vitamin C, vitamin E and beta carotene individually and in combination were incorporated at 100% of their respective recommended dietary allowance of 60 mg, 12 mg and 3 mg in 240 mL of yogurt. Yogurt manufacture and all experiments were conducted in triplicate. Use of antioxidants in yogurt manufacture significantly influenced yogurt viscosity, flavor, appearance, body texture but did not influence syneresis, lactic acid bacterial counts and *** upon the application antioxidants can be recommended in yogurt manufacture.

关键词： Antioxidant Fermented Quality

Tailoring Distinct Reactive Environments in Lewis Acid Zeolites for Liquid phase Catalysis

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第11期2卷 1033-1046页

作者： blake A.johnson john R.Di Iorio Yuriy Román-Leshkov Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States

CONSpECTUS:Lewis acidic zeolites are microporous crystalline materials that offer promise as catalysts for the activation and conversion of biomassderived precursors in the liquid phase due to their unique water tolerance and synthetic *** active site environment in zeolite catalysts is multifaceted in nature and is composed of a primary catalytic binding site,the secondary pore structure that confines such binding sites,and occluded solvent and reactant molecules that interact with adsorbed ***,Lewis acidic heteroatoms can adopt structurally diverse coordination that selectively catalyze different classes of chemical transformations and can be difficult to control synthetically or characterize ***,precise mechanistic interpretation of liquid-phase zeolite catalysis necessitates the development of synthetic,spectroscopic,and kinetic methods that can decouple such complex active site structures and probe the interactions that occur between confined active sites,solvent and reactant molecules,and adsorbed intermediates and transition states.

关键词： zeolite adsorbed spectroscopic

A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing

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journal of plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 357-365页

作者： A.K.Knapp D.L.Hoover j.M.Blair G.Buis D.E.Burkepile A.Chamberlain S.L.Collins R.W.S.Fynn K.p.Kirkman M.D.Smith D.blake N.Govender p.O'Neal T.Schreck A.Zinn Graduate Degree program in Ecology and Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80526USA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International UniversityNorth MiamiFL 33181USA Department of Biology MSC03-2020University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana School of Biological and Conservation Science University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Scientific Services Kruger National ParkPrivate Bag X402Skukuza1350South Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Aims Mesic grasslands have a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores and as a consequence,grassland species have numerous adaptations allowing them to respond favourably to *** empirical evidence has been equivocal,theory predicts that such adaptations combined with alterations in resources can lead to grazing-induced overcompensation in aboveground net primary production(ANpp;grazed ANpp>ungrazed ANpp)under certain *** tested two specific predictions from ***,overcompensation is more likely to occur in annually burned grasslands because limiting nutrients that would be lost with frequent fires are recycled through grazers and stimulate ***,overcompensation of biomass lost to grazers is more likely to occur in unburned sites where grazing has the greatest effect on increasing light availability through alterations in canopy *** We tested these nutrient versus light-based predictions in grazed grasslands that had been annually burned or protected from fire for>20 *** assessed responses in ANpp to grazing by large ungulates using both permanent and moveable grazing exclosures(252 exclosures from which biomass was harvested from 3192 quadrats)in a 2-year *** sites were located at the Konza prairie Biological Station(KpBS)in North America and at Kruger National park(KNp)in South *** KpBS,sites were grazed by North American bison whereas in KNp sites were grazed either by a diverse suite of herbivores(*** wildebeest,Burchell’s zebra,African buffalo)or by a single large ungulate(African buffalo).Important Findings We found no evidence for overcompensation in either burned or unburned sites,regardless of grazer ***,there was no support for either mechanism leading to ***,complete compensation of total biomass lost to grazers was the most common response characterizing grazing–ANpp relationships with,in some cases,undercompensation of grass ANpp being of

关键词： aboveground net primary production fire forbs herbivores savanna